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Highlight Research • The very first attempt to investigated and revealing biodiversity of crustacean crab in coral reef ecosystem at Tidung Island, Indonesia • Conservation area (Tidung Kecil) has more abundant crab species than tourism area (Tidung Besar). • A microhabitat that suffers anthropogenic pressure may alter the composition of crustacean biodiversity, especially in crab group. • Different characteristics and complexity of coral habitat affect the dynamics of cryptic crustacean communities Abstract Recent studies have been widely carried out on the important role and ecological function of coral reefs. However, little attention has been given to small and cryptic crustaceans organisms living within different microhabitat in dead corals. This study aimed to reveal the diversity of crustaceans that inhabit dead corals in Tidung Islands, Indonesia. A total of 134 individuals from 41 species in 13 families were recorded within eight dead corals taken from two different sites. Furthermore, the species identified from Tidung Kecil were significantly different and more diverse than Tidung Besar. It was suggested that differences in anthropogenic pressure between Tidung Besar and Kecil might have an important role in the spread of crab crustaceans' organisms. Xanthidae from infraorder Brachyura were observed to be the most dominant family, while Galatheidae and Porcellanidae from infraorder Anomura spread almost equally in both sites. Additionally, Psaumis cavipes and Chlorodiella nigra were species with the largest contribution of crab crustaceans' communities in the death of coral's ecosystem in the Tidung Islands. This result indicated that dead corals might play a key role in supporting and providing a habitat for crustacean cryptic.

Biodiversity assessment surveys are necessary for establishing conservation areas. However, such surveys are typically expensive, primarily if they cover a large area and take a long time. The survey difficulty increases when applied to cryptic, sparse, and fast-moving organisms. In addition, it requires expertise in taxonomic-biota classification. The breakthrough environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding technique promises to overcome all the hurdles of assessing the potential for marine biodiversity in a non-invasive, rapid, extensive, and more effective way. We evaluated the ability of the eDNA survey to reveal the potential diversity and character of marine eukaryotes in the Lombok Island Marine Protected Area. A sampling of seawater and sediment eDNA in pore size fractions of 0.4-12 ?m and >12 ?m was carried out in the Core Zone, Non-Core Zone, and Non-Conservation Area, in east, north, and west Lombok, respectively. The detection and classification of eukaryotes using bioinformatics analysis were accomplished following extraction, amplification, and DNA sequencing. We identified 20,478 unique sequences of potential species classified in five kingdoms to 654 marine eukaryotes families. The comparison results show differences in community structure between locations, as well as differences in diversity between media and factions. The eDNA survey can assess marine biodiversity at a macro level and has implications for management in conservation areas. Keywords: Biodiversity, Marine eukaryotes, environmental DNA, the Primary V9-SSU 18S rRNA gene

Coral reef fish are play key role in coral reef ecosystem. The presence of reef fish affected by antrophogenic and natural factors, such seasonal changes. This study aimed to asess the temporal variation of coral reef fish group in Tidung Kecil Island using eDNA metabarcoding and Undewater Visual Census. This research was conducted at December 2019 (West season) and August 2020 (East season). Target group are dominated in west season (64.1%) and east season (59.25%) using eDNA metabarcoding. While, major group fish are the highest relative abundance in both season by using Underwater Visual Census. Family Carangidae are the highest species richness (15 species) in wet season and Serranidae (3 species) in east season, respectively. Futhermore, famili Pomacentridae are the most richness species in west and east seasons 10 and 11 species respectively. Thus, it can be concluded these two methods are effective for monitoring structure or abundance of coral reef fish based on seasonal variation. Ikan karang menjadi indikator dalam menilai keanekaragaman hayati di ekosistem tersebut. Keberadaan ikan di ekosistem terumbu karang dapat dipengaruhi oleh faktor antropogenik dan faktor alam salah satunya perubahan musim. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kelimpahan kelompok ikan terumbu karang di Pulau Tidung Kecil menggunakan eDNA metabarkoding dan Sensus Visual. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada bulan Desember 2019 (musim barat) dan Agustus 2020 (musim timur). Ikan target mendominasi pada musim barat dan timur dengan persentase sebesar 64.11% dan 59.25%. Sensus visual berhasil mendeteksi ikan mayor dengan persentase tertinggi 62.5% di musim barat dan 82.8% di musim timur. Famili Carangidae merupakan famili dengan jumlah spesies tertinggi di musim barat (15 species) dan Siganidae di musim timur menggunakan eDNA metabarkoding (3 species). Hasil UVC menunjukkan famili Pomcentridae memilki jumlah spesies tertinggi di kedua musim (11 dan 10 spesies) menggundakan sensus visual. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa kedua metode tersebut dapat menjadi pendekatan dalam monitoring struktur atau kelimpahan ikan terumbu karang berdasarkan musim.

Species list of economical fish landed in Muara Baru Modern Fish Market, Jakarta needs to be examined. Fish species information needs to know the species of fish being traded. However, many species are difficult to identify morphologically. The aim of this research was to identify fish based on their morphological characters and DNA barcoding. The methods of this research were morphologic, morphometric, and molecular identification with DNA barcoding using PCR. Morphological analysis results showed that fish samples have unique characteristics in the presence of spots on their bodies and fading in the abdomen. Morphometric observations were made with 19 different characters and weight measurements. The 19 fish characters observed have a standard deviation of

Highlight • Identification and morphological analysis of Selaroides leptolepis fish. • Molecular analysis using the DNA Barcoding method with the COI gene (mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I). • The number of base pairs in S. leptolepis from the sequencing results was 675bp. • The morphological and molecular similarities of Selaroides leptolepis fish Abstract Yellowstripe scad is one of the commercially important fish from the Carangidae family, which is marketed at Muara Baru Modern Fish Market, North Jakarta. In- formation regarding the presence of Selaroides leptolepis fish in the waters allows for effective conservation, and management of marine resources. A morphological identification of fish species is still considered inaccurate, so the molecular anal- ysis is necessary. This study aims to identify commercially important fish species deriving from Muara Baru Modern Fish Market, North Jakarta, employing mor- phological, and molecular analysis. A total of 30 specimens were collected from the field. The morphological analysis utilized a visual identification method, and morphometric measurement, while molecular analysis with DNA barcoding em- ployed the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. The results of the morphological analysis indicated that the fish species were yellowstripe scad (S. leptolepis). It also followed the results of molecular analysis of DNA barcoding that the fish was a S. leptolepis species. Therefore, the combination of morphological and genetic analysis has succeeded in identifying the fish species of S. leptolepis.

Yellow-tailed fish (Caesio cuning) have morphologically similarities with Lutjanidae families, it causes ambiguity on species authentication process. The process of species identification using morphological characteristic does not provide a precise information related to the species.This study was aimed to identify the morphometric and molecular of Yellow-tailed fish (Caesio cuning) which landed on Muara Baru Fish Market, Jakarta using COI gene. A total 30 fishes were observed their nineteen morphometric characters, and 1 fish sample was taken from the fins for DNA extraction, amplification using PCR method, electrphoresis visualization, and sequensing. Sample was analyzed by MEGA 6 software. Based on morphological analysis showed that sampel are Yellow-tailed fish which part of Caesio genus and Caesionidae family. While, genetic analysis using COI gene showed has similarities with database of Genbank NCBI. It can be concluded that identification using morphological character and DNA barcoding methode showed the species belong to Yellow-tailed fish (Caesio cunning). Ikan Ekor Kuning (Caesio cuning) memiliki kemiripan morfologi dengan anggota famili Lutjanidae lainnya, hal tersebut menyebabkan kesulitan dalam proses autentikasinya. Proses identifikasi pada suatu spesies menggunakan karakteristik morfologinya belum mampu memberikan informasi yang akurat terkait spesies tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi ikan ekor kuning (Caesio cuning) yang didaratkan di Pasar Muara Baru, Jakarta melalui kajian karakteristikmorfometrik dan DNA barcoding menggunakan marka gen COI. Total 30 ikan diamati karakter morfometriknya, dan 1 sampel ikan diambil bagian siripnya untuk dilakukan ekstraksi DNA, amplfikasi PCR, elektroforesis, sekuensing dan dianalisis menggunakan aplikasi MEGA 6. Hasil analisis morfologi menunjukkan sampel ikan berasal dari genus Caesio dan termasuk famili Caesionidae. Sedangkan berdasarkan analisis secara molekuler menggunakan marka gen COI, didapatkan hasil bahwa spesies yang diamati (Caesio cuning) memiliki kemiripan dengan database GenBank NCBI. Dapat simpulkan bahwa identifikasi secara morfologi dan DNA menunjukkan bahwa spesies yang di peroleh yaitu Ikan ekor kuning (Caesio cuning).

Ekosistem lamun dihuni oleh banyak jenis invertebrata bentik, organisme demersal serta pelagis yang menetap maupun yang tinggal sementara di ekosistem lamun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kepadatan makrozoobentos dalam dua fase bulan yang berbeda dan mengetahui kontribusi setiap spesies makrozoobentos di setiap stasiun penelitian di padang lamun. Pengambilan sampel organisme makrozoobentos diambil di Pulau Panggang pada tiga stasiun pengamatan (barat, timur, dan selatan) dengan menggunakan transek quadrat 1 x 1 m dan corer sedimen dengan diameter 10 cm. Analisis data secara statistik, analisis data dilakukan dengan mencari tahu persentase kesamaan kontribusi spesies menggunakan uji SIMPER. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa macrozoobentos yang ditemukan untuk dua fase bulan bervariasi di setiap stasiun. Total makrozoobentos yang ditemukan selama dua fase bulan adalah 28 dan 11 spesies di stasiun barat, 24 dan 20 spesies di stasiun timur, dan 18 dan 24 spesies di stasiun selatan, masing-masing. Di ketiga stasiun, dua jenis spesies makrozoobentos tertinggi dan terendah selama dua fase bulan yaitu Cerithium salebrosum (283 ind/m2) dan Cerithium punctatum (169 ind/m2); dan Geotrochus multicarinatum (7 ind/m2). Selain itu, spesies makrozoobentos yang paling banyak di habitat lamun di seluruh stasiun adalah Cerithium salebrosum.

The area of mangrove Segara Anakan has a high economic value so that there is a high interest to various land uses in this area. This condition leads to the change in ecological function of the mangrove which has impacts on the decreased production of mangrove crabs. This study was desighed to analyze the areas of catching crabs related to mangrove ecosystem. This study was conducted for six months in the 3 mudcrab catching areas (Western Area, Central Area, and Eastern Area). The analysis used in this study was a one way ANOVA statistic for the crabs catching in these 3 catching areas, and a simple linear regression to analyxe the correlation betwen annual crab production and mangrove area. The results showsed that mud crabs catchings in the 3 areas is 5861.7; 6072.87; dan 7689.4 kg were significantly different (P

Penelitian yang dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh cahaya terhadap pertumbuhan karang lunak Lobophytum strictum hasil transplantasi dilakukan dengan pemeliharaan karang lunak pada dua buah kolam, yaitu kolam terbuka (cahaya) dan kolam tertutup (tanpa cahaya). Pada masing-masing kolam ditempatkan 16 fragmen karang lunak yang sudah ditransplantasikan. Kelangsungan hidup dan pertumbuhan karang lunak berbeda signifikan antar perlakuan cahaya (P

Genetik menjadi kunci konservasi karena berperan penting dalam mempertahankan dan memulihkan populasi dari kerusakan. Kerusakan pada ekosistem terumbu karang dapat menjadi pemicu kepunahan organisme laut. Salah satu organisme yang tidak terhindar dari kerusakan tersebut ialah Sarcophyton trocheliophorum. Kerusakan tersebut dapat menyebabkan menurunnya keragaman genetik S. trocheliophorum. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis keanekaragaman genetik dari S. trocheliophorum yang terdapat pada tiga populasi di Perairan Jawa, Sulawesi dan Nusa Tenggara serta mendeskripsikan implikasinya terhadap kawasan konservasi di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan penanda genetik ND2 untuk menganalisis struktur populasi, konektivitas, dan keragaman genetik. Keragaman genetik S. trocheliophorum pada Perairan Jawa, Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara masing-masing 0.600, 0.815, dan 0.972. Keragaman genetik pada populasi Perairan Jawa lebih kecil dibandingkan pada Populasi Perairan Sulawesi dan Nusa Tenggara. Hal ini dimungkinkan karena banyaknya aktivitas manusia pada pesisir utara Laut Jawa, sehingga berdampak pada menurunnya ukuran populasi S. trocheliophorum. Oleh karena itu perlu adanya perlindungan yang ketat pada populasi Jawa untuk menjaga kelestarian keanekaragaman hayati Indonesia.