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The development and success of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are highly dependent on accessible and suitable financing options. This article provides an in-depth review of various SME financing sources, examining the benefits, drawbacks, and impacts of each option, including fintech lending, traditional bank financing, and venture capital. The findings offer a systematic understanding of SME finance dynamics. Results indicate that while venture capital can accelerate growth, it often raises challenges related to sustainability and governance. In contrast, bank financing provides stability but is hindered by high interest rates and complex bureaucratic processes. Fintech financing offers rapid access and ease but comes with heightened security and risk assessment concerns. The study suggests that SMEs should align funding choices with their unique needs and characteristics. Additionally, regulators and stakeholders are encouraged to increase their knowledge and safeguards in response to the expanding fintech lending market. Future research could explore innovative, eco-friendly financing solutions to meet SMEs' evolving needs. This article contributes valuable insights to stakeholders, supporting the sustainable growth of SMEs. Keywords: SME Financing; Debt Financing; Fintech Lending; Bank Financing; Venture Capital

This study aimed to determine the effect of managerial ownership, institutional ownership, debt financing, ownership dispersion, profitability, and firm size simultaneously and partially on income smoothing.This study uses manufacturing companies listed on the Jakarta Stock Exchange as an object of research. Based on purposive sampling method there are 147 companies that found the above criteria. Data analysis method used is multiple regression analysis. The results of this study showed that ownership dispersion and size of company that has a significant effect partially on income smoothing. The larger company and expanding company's ownership structure has greater freedom to report better earnings.

The issue of budget deficit financing strategy has been broad enough to gain attention in macroeconomic policy. This study is focused on Analysis of Budget Deficit Financing in Indonesia. How is the deficit financing management implemented such as what are the best sources and its contribution to the Indonesian economy. The study explains that the model used to estimate the impact indicators is capable to manage budget deficit financing, in which the variable domestic financing and external debt encourages the economic growth. Another research goal is to identify the amount of deficit financing sources and their effects on the economy. Under normal conditions in simulation 2. by increasing foreign financing about 15 percent, economic growth will increase about 1.40 percent, and inflation will fall about 0.11. In the crisis where the interest rate increased 15 percent and domestic financing increased with the same rate, economic growth will fall 0.08 and inflation 0.01 percent.