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This research was conducted in Kiluan Village, Kelumbayan District, Tanggamus Regency. This study examines the essence of managing marine park tourism by focusing on the surrounding environment (Community-based Management) in Kiluan Negeri, Tanggamus Regency. The research was conducted by descriptive analysis of qualitative approaches through direct studies (primary data) and existing data (secondary data). Kilian Negeri has beautiful and unique marine resources. Problems in Kiluan Bay are related to economic inequality, limited resources, environmental damage due to garbage, and the threat of natural disasters. The general public still needs to learn how involved they are in managing marine park tourism appropriately and sustainably. The active participation of NGOs, namely the NGO Cikal, plays an important role in managing the Kiluan Bay conservation area. Some Community-Based Management (CBM) strategies that can be done are preparing tourism development plans, developing infrastructure, managing tourist destinations, holding promotions and marketing, developing tourism products, conducting HR training, collaborating with the private sector, and developing integrated tourist areas. Community-based management (CBM) of marine park tourism is based on recognizing the importance of local communities in maintaining the sustainability of the marine environment and obtaining economic and social benefits from the tourism sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to analyze the community structure of reef fish in the small island waters of Central Bangka. The research was conducted in March 2022 in the waters of Bebuar Island, Ketugar Island, Ketawai Island, and Gusung Asam Central Bangka Regency, Bangka Belitung Islands Province. The coral reef survey method uses purposive sampling and the coral reef fish visual census with data analysis of abundance, diversity index, uniformity, and dominance. In-site water quality measurements included six parameters: temperature, salinity, current, brightness, depth, and pH. The results showed that coral reef cover from 44.60 - 87.00% with the medium to very good category. The abundance of reef fish from 1 to 3 individuals/m2 was dominated by 18 species of the Pomacentridae family. The reef fish diversity index ranged from 2.47 to 2.90, including the medium category. The uniformity index value ranged from 0.79 - 0.94, including the high category, indicating that the species found were evenly distributed across all stations. The dominance index value ranges from 0.07 to 0.15, including low, where no species dominates significantly and the fish are evenly distributed. Temperature, brightness, pH, and salinity are factors that support the growth of coral and reef fish. A water current speed of 0.05 – 0.20 m/s is quite helpful in cleaning coral reefs from mud and can supply oxygen. Water conditions were categorized as good and fulfilled the seawater quality standards.

Gili Labak Island is located in Kombang Village, Talango District, Sumenep Madura Regency. Marine tourism in Gili Labak is in the form of beach tourism (white sand) and snorkeling tours, because Gili Labak has an unspoiled and shallow coral reef ecosystem that is easily accessible to visitors. The current problem is the socio-economic gap between the local residents of Gili Labak Island and tour agents who are people from outside the island. In addition, there is a threat of damage to the coral reef ecosystem due to the activities of tourists who do not understand the code of conduct while traveling on coral reefs. The mentoring method used in this community service is PAR (Participatory Action Research). The UHT community service team built a website with the name https://wonderfulgililabak.com/ for the promotion of Gili Labak coral reef tourism. The dissemination of tour guides on coral reefs using leaflets in the local language (Madura) was quite effective in making local people and visitors understand the importance of preserving coral reef ecosystems. The use of websites for digital marketing of marine tourism in Gili Labak is still not effective due to the limited ability of local people to manage websites.

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The implementation of Coremap programme in Sikka Regency in 2001 to 2011 was aimed to minimize the corals degradation and deterioration as the effect of irresponsible utilization and coastal management. This study was aimed to analyze coastal community perception about the implementation of Coremap I and II programme. The method that used in this study was survey method. The data in this study was obtained through direct interview and questioners. The respondents of this study were reef fish fishermen and the group of stakeholder namely religious leaders, community leaders and tribal figures, the users and Coremap management programme. There were several points that have been revealed such as a) the coastal community had already known about the existence of Coremap programme, b) most of the respondent had participated in Coremap programme, c) the Coremap programme was not really significant to increase the reef fish fishermen communities income in Sikka regency, d) there were still destructive fishing activities which done by local fishermen and fishermen from other places. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Damage to coral reefs is generally caused by destructive fishing activities, they were the usega of explosives, cyanide toxic materials, coral mining for building materials, anchor boat anchors, and the results of sedimentation. Efforts to speed up the process of coral reef recovery, several methods of rehabilitation that can be done include coral transplantation and sinking of artificial reefs. The artificial reef is an alternative to reduce the pressure caused by fishing and destruction of natural coral reefs through the creation of new productive fishing grounds. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of water parameters (physical oceanography) for biota around artificial reefs based on Geographic Information Systems. The results of identification of oceanographic parameters in the waters of Damas Beach, Trenggalek Regency consist of: (a). depths range from 0-45 meters, (b). brightness ranges from 2 - 6 meters, (c). water temperature ranges from 25.18-29.59ºC, (d). water turbidity ranges from 0.3-4.32 NTU, (e). type of substrate base waters of Damas Beach fine black sand, (f). current speed ranges from 0.1-0.4 m/s, (h). the average wave height of Damas Beach in the morning, afternoon and evening is 5.6 cm, 8.14 cm and 6.2 cm, (i). the total suspended solid waters of Damas Beach range from 35-351 mg/L. The physical oceanographic parameters are still safe for the growth and development of biota in the waters of Damas Beach, Trenggalek Regency.

Data integration of structured ecosystem monitoring is crucial to support decision making for better marine ecosystem management. Coral reef monitoring data had been carried out in several separated studies in Lampung Province. However, lacks data integration among scientists and institutions making them inefficient as a basis of science for ecosystem management and decision making. This study was aimed to integrate available coral reef data in the last 15 years in Lampung Province and inform the spatial status of coral reef cover through WebGIS. Secondary data of coral reef study in the last 15 years were acquired from published articles and online-available-institutional reports. Data were then converted to digital mode prior to publishing them in the form of a website database through WebGIS. Results suggested that there were four main areas of coral reef studies in Lampung Province, namely Lampung bay, Krakatau, Bakauheni, and Lampung west coast. One-way ANOVA analysis of the last 5-year coral data shown there were no spatial differences on coral cover the four areas. Coral cover in Lampung west coast was generally in good shape at 56.13±1.74% and was higher compared to those in Lampung bay, Bakauheni, dan Krakatau regions, at 46.57±2.23%, 36.48±1.58%, and 35.6±3.69%, respectively. All coral data was published through WebGIS at https://sll.itera.ac.id/research/webgis . It is recommended this WebGIS could serve as a reference to conduct long-term coral reef monitoring in Lampung since it provides coordinates and coral reef status as baseline data for further analysis of coral reefs ecosystem.

Indonesia has a vast coastal area and is very potential to be developed, one of which is in tourism. In the Lampung area itself, tourism activities are industries that are growing very rapidly. One of them is in South Lampung Regency, which is now starting to emerge new tourist attractions but still not well managed by the government or the local community. One of them is Sekepal Island which is a new tourist destination in South Lampung Regency. This destination is developed and managed independently by the local community. The purpose of this study was to analyze the suitability of coral reef ecotourism in the development of tourism in South Lampung Regency. This study uses the Tourism Completeness Index by Yulianda (2007). Data collection is done by observation, documentation. The scores obtained are then matched with assessment points so that the value of suitability from ecotourism can be obtained. The results of the study show that the coral reef suitability index, including the category, is quite suitable and can be developed in its potential. But in development also must involve the role of the community and the government to run perfectly. Based on the matter, the researchers suggested to the community, especially Totoharjo Village, to involve the Lampung Regency Tourism Office to develop coral reef ecosystems in the future. Then the suggestion for further research is that researchers are advised to conduct more in-depth research into all ecosystems in coastal areas, such as mangroves and coral reefs, and to involve more leaders in their fields in conducting future research.

Damage to coral reefs on Tegal Island has an impact on reducing coral reef habitats, so monitoring needs to be done. Monitoring is done by analyzing the extent and changes by utilizing remote sensing technology to map the existing conditions. The data used are Landsat imagery in 1998, 2008, 2015 and 2018. Digital image processing is done starting from image correction, lyzenga algorithm calculation, image interpretation and field validation, and accuracy testing of coral reef habitats using a confusion matrix. The results showed that there was a change in the area of coral reefs from 1998 to 2018. The coral reef class experienced a reduction of 11.22 ha. Coral classes that changed into sand classes were 9.13 ha (29.49%) and seagrasses were 4.38 ha (14.15%). The class of sand that turned into coral reefs was 2.08 ha (13.52%) and seagrass classes that turned into coral reefs were 0.21 ha (0.25%). The biggest change is the change in the coral reef to sand covering an area of 9.13 ha (29.49%), while the smallest change is the change in seagrass into a coral reef covering an area of 0.21 ha (0.25%). In the other classes, the biggest change in area was seagrass change into sand covering an area of 5.76 ha (6.96%), while the smallest change was the change in the sand to seagrass covering an area of 2.67 ha (17.35%).

Karimunjawa National Park was designated as a Marine National Park area since the enactment of Kepdirjen PHKA No. SK. 28/IV-SET/2012. The marine tourism utilization zone covers 2.45% of the total area of TNKJ. One of the great potential resources that is utilized in tourism utilization zone is coral reefs. Economic valuations of coral reefs are considered necessary as an approach to show the benefits of coral reef ecosystem management policy making and provide useful information for marine tourism development. Marine ecotourism activities in TNKJ are snorkeling and diving. To know the factors influencing marine ecotourism activity of TNKJ, the Travel Cost Method was used to presume the consumer surplus. This information is used as an input or consideration to manage the coral reef resources for marine ecotourism activity of TNKJ. Based on correlation and regression analysis, marine ecotourism demand is influenced by travel cost, age, education, income, gender, long trip, and distance. Marine snorkeling tourism are significantly (α=0,05) influenced by gender and duration of travel with coefficient values of -1,2325 and -0,1942. The demand model of snorkeling tours to travel cost is y = 11.831.242,4107x-7,8684 with consumer surplus of IDR94549/person. Diving marine tourism is significantly (α=0.05) influenced by travel cost, trip length, and distance with coefficient value of -1.23E-06, -0.0947, and 0.0033. The demand model to travel cost is y = 2.363.272,7634x-0,9236 with consumer surplus of IDR29254/person. Based on these results, marine ecotourism of snorkeling and diving of TNKJ has the potential to be developed in economic terms through the determination of entrance fee.

Eutrophication and sedimentation have become a major threat to coral reefs in nearby areas with anthropogenic activities. These threats are often accompanied by shifting ecosystems from coral-rich to fast-growing algae-dominated water, and high prevalence of coral disease. In Panjang Island, Jepara, we observed the outbreak of photosynthetic ascidians along with a high sedimentation at the eastern part of the island. The ascidians were seen overgrowing most substrates including corals, macroalgae, dead-coral-algae, and rubbles in April to May 2019. In July and August 2019, observation and data collection using quadrant transect were conducted to monitor the outbreak. The result showed that ascidians were still present in the area, despite becoming pale and smaller. This report shows that the outbreak of these photosynthetic ascidians was not persistent, however, the effect on coral reef health should not be overlooked.

Abstract: The aims of this research is to produce monograph as teaching material based on local potential from exploration of lifeform coral reef and their environmental characteristics in Bangsring Beach for Biology students. This research method is Research and Development use ADDIE model. The results validity material got 96.74% and the validity by the learning experts got 90.83% both of them has very valid category. Monograph readability results was 85.14% and the results of student responses to monographs was 89.76% with a very practical category. The conclusion of this research has produced monograph for learning resources on coral reef material with very good and feasible to use. Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan bahan ajar berupa monograf berbasis potensi lokal hasil eksplorasi bentuk pertumbuhan terumbu karang dan karakteristik lingkungannya di Pantai Bangsring untuk mahasiswa Biologi. Metode penelitian ini yaitu Penelitian dan Pengembangan yang diadaptasi dari model ADDIE. Hasil kevalidan materi mendapatkan rerata 96,74% dan kevalidan oleh ahli pembelajaran mendapatkan rerata 90,83% keduannya dengan kategori sangat valid. Hasil keterbacaan monograf pada uji coba kelompok kecil yaitu 85,14% dan hasil respons mahasiswa terhadap monograf adalah 89,76% dengan kategori sangat praktis. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu telah menghasilkan monograf untuk sumber belajar mahasiswa pada materi terumbu karang dengan hasil sangat baik dan layak digunakan

Spermonde and Sembilan Islands (Bone Bay) are the central distribution of coral reefs in South Sulawesi. These archipelagos are likely to be at risk from eutrophication and sedimentation from intensive agriculture and aquaculture activities, in particular through transport of nutrients and materials discharged to the river systems on the Sulawesi mainland. The aim of this study was to analyse the temporal dynamics of eutrophication levels and sedimentation rates on coral reefs area of Spermonde and Sembilan Islands. Nutrient concentration and sedimentation rate were collected at monthly intervals over 4 months, at six stations: three in the Spermonde Islands (Laiya, Kodingareng, and Samalona Islands), and three in the Sembilan Islands, Sinjai District (Batanglampe, Kambuno, and Burungloe Islands), with two data collection points/replicates at each station/island. The results showed that phosphate concentration and sedimentation rates were higher in the Sembilan Islands, whereas nitrate concentrations were similar in both island groups. Nitrate concentration data indicated that eutrophication levels was varied, ranging from oligotrophic to eutrophic conditions, depends on months. In July and September, eutrophication was observed at all stations in both locations. Sedimentation rates were higher in the Sembilan Islands, but declined gradually until the end of the study time. Conversely, at stations in the Spermonde Islands, especially Samalona and Kodingarengkeke Islands, sedimentation level was increased significantly until the end of the study.

The study aims to know the biodiversity and community structure of marine tunicate in Samalona waters. The present study is part of biodiversity assessment for marine resources of Sangkarang Archipelago SW Makassar Indonesia. Field campaign was conducted from October to November 2016. Sample collection was done at 3 and 7 m depth by using Line Intersection Transect (LIT) method combined with a quadrat (plot). Two 50 m transects were placed parallel to a shore line at three stations (sta.) at Samalona waters. A quadrat (plot) (2.5 m x 2.5 m) was placed side by side of the line transect and all tunicates in the transect was recorded, identified, counted and photographed. Samples were collected by using SCUBA and under water camera. Environmental parameters including water temperatue, salinity, dissolved oxygen, clarity, current and wind speed, were measured in situ. Data were analysed using ecological indices including species composition and density, Shanon Wienner species diversity, Evenness, and Morisita Indices. The result indicates that there are 18 species of tunicates present at 3 m as well as 7 m depth of Samalona waters.. Result of the ecological analysis shows that species diversity can be categorized as moderate and there were no dominant species. Environmental parameters indicates that water quality at Samalona waters was in good condition to support tunicates.

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi terumbu karang pasca tsunami sebagai langkah awal dalam upaya rehabilitasi terumbu karang. Metode yang digunakan adalah dengan membandingkan kondisi terumbu karang tahun 2002 sebelum tsunami dan tahun 2009 pasca tsunami menggunakan citra satelit Landsat ETM7 melalui analisis Lyzenga. Pengamatan langsung di lapangan menggunakan metode LIT (Line Intercept Transect) dan pengukuran kualitas perairan. Lokasi pengamatan berada di Ujung Seurawan, Sea Garden di Pulau Rubiah, Sea Garden 1, Rubiah Channel 2 dan Loh Weng. Kondisi terumbu karang yang berada di Taman Wisata Alam (TWA) Pulau Weh ini berada pada kondisi yang buruk sampai baik. Terumbu karang kondisi baik terdapat di lokasi Sea Garden 1 (54,26 %), kondisi sedang di Rubiah Channel 2 (26,32%) dan Sea Garden 2 (39,5%) sedangkan kondisi buruk terdapat di Ujung Seurawan (19,28 %) dan Loh Weng (15,14%). Bentuk kerusakan terumbu karang antara lain patah, terbalik dan hanyut. Jenis terumbu karang yang rusak terdapat di sebelah timur Pulau Weh yaitu sekitar Pulau Rubiah dan sekitar Teluk Loh Pria Laot. Kisaran kondisi perairan berupa pH, salinitas, suhu dan DO menunjukkan bahwa kualitas perairan berada pada kondisi baik untuk perencanaan kegiatan rehabilitasi terumbu karang. ABSTRACT This study aims to determine the condition of coral reefs after the tsunami as the first step in the rehabilitation of coral reefs. The methods used are of comparing the condition of coral reefs between pre-tsunami in 2002 and post-tsunami in 2009 using Landsat satellite imagery ETM7 through Lyzenga analysis, direct observe of the coral reefs in the field have been done using the LIT (Line Intercept Transect) and measurement of water quality. Locations of observations are in Ujung Seurawan, Sea Garden in Rubiah Island, Sea Garden 1, Rubiah Channel 2 and Loh Weng. The condition of coral reefs in the Natural Park (TWA) Weh Island is generally in the range between poor and good. The coral reefs at Sea Garden 1 (54.26 % ) are in good condition, those in Rubiah Channel 2 (26.32 % ) and Sea Garden 2 (39.5 %) are in moderate condition, while those in Ujung Seurawan (19.28 % ) and Loh Weng (15.14 %) are in poor conditions. Forms of damage to coral reefs are including broken, overturned and swept away. The damaged reefs are located on the east of Weh Island, which is around Rubiah Island and around the Gulf of Loh Pria Laot. Range of water conditions such as pH, salinity, temperature and DO indicate that the qualities of the waters are good for rehabilitation planning of coral reefs.

The purpose of this study aims to determine the innovation management of coral reefs in the perspective of governance and to determine the factors supporting and inhibiting innovation coral reef management by local governments. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. The results showed the involvement of stakeholders in transplanting corals and supervision in the field of conservation of marine protected areas, there is a match between local knowledge and modern knowledge. Supervision and control is carried out by the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries, Marine and Fisheries Agency well as the community watchdog group. Surveillance and monitoring operations have been allocated budgets of state and local budgets. Authority management refers to the laws, ministerial regulations , local regulations , village regulations and the values of local wisdom Tujuan penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui inovasi pengelolaan terumbu karang dalam persfektif tata kelola dan untuk mengetahui faktor pendukung dan penghambat dalam inovasi pengelolaan terumbu karang yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah daerah. Tipe penelitian ini deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya keterlibatan para pemangku kepentingan dalam melakukan transplantasi karang dan pengawasan dibidang konservasi daerah perlindungan laut, terdapat kesesuaian antara pengetahuan lokal dan pengetahuan modern. Pengawasan dan pengendalian dilakukan oleh kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan, dinas kelautan dan perikanan serta kelompok masyarakat pengawas. Operasi pengawasan dan pemantauan mendapat alokasi anggaran dari APBN dan APBD. Otoritas pengelolaan mengacu kepada undang-undang, peraturan menteri, peraturan daerah, peraturan desa serta nilai-nilai kearifan lokal.

The purpose of this study was to determine the government's role in overseeing the conservation of coral reefs. This research is a qualitative research. Data collection techniques used were observation, interviews and documentation. The results showed that the government's role in overseeing the conservation of coral reefs in the Wakatobi has been accomplished. Factors that support is a strong commitment from local governments, communities, the central government and the institutions of society concerned with the preservation of coral reef resources. Factors that inhibit the lack of labor inspectors, inadequate infrastructure and inadequate budgets to carry out surveillance operations reef conservation. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peranan pemerintah daerah dalam mengawasi kelestarian terumbu karang. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan berupa observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peranan pemerintah daerah dalam mengawasi kelestarian terumbu karang di Kabupaten Wakatobi telah terlaksana. Faktor yang mendukung yaitu adanya komitmen yang kuat dari pemerintah daerah, masyarakat, pemerintah pusat serta lembaga-lembaga masyarakat yang peduli terhadap pelestarian sumberdaya terumbu karang. Faktor yang menghambat yaitu kurangnya tenaga pengawas, sarana prasarana yang kurang memadai dan anggaran yang belum mencukupi untuk menjalankan operasi pengawasan pelestarian terumbu karang.