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This study aims to determine students' mathematical reasoning ability using Mathematical Habits of Mind-Problem based Strategy ( MHM-PB ) strategy aided interactive multimedia and to analyze students' difficulties in solving mathematical reasoning ability tests. This research was carried out using the quasi-experimental method with pre-test and post-test control group design. Data were obtained from 66 grade VII students at Indramayu Regency, Indonesia using an essay test with five problems on mathematical reasoning ability. Mathematical Habits of Mind-Problem Based Strategy aided Interactive Multimedia is used in experimental class and the other class received conventional strategy. The result showed that students’ mathematical reasoning using MHM-PB strategy aided interactive multimedia was better than the conventional strategy. There is no difference in mathematical reasoning abilities based on gender in students who use MHM-PB. Furthermore, some students still have difficulty making a conclusion, providing reasons or evidence for the answers they give, and checking the truth of a statement. Meanwhile, making generalizations is a difficulty that many students experience.

The purpose of this study was to determine the use of madrasah e-learning in optimizing the learning of al-quran hadith for Class VII students of MTsN 1 Bojonegoro. The research design used in this study includes field research. With a qualitative research approach. This research was conducted at MTsN 1 Bojonergoro. Data collection techniques in this study used structured and in-depth interviews regarding optimizing the use of e-learning madrasas in al-quran hadith subjects and data analysis in this study using interactive models, data reduction, drawing conclusions and verification. While the results of this study used madrasah e-learning at MTsN 1 Bojonegoro has been running optimally for implementing distance learning. The problem that occurs in learning using E-learning was on the internet network and the quota must be sufficient for students and teachers because sometimes students and teachers who live in remote areas and did not have internet quotas were very difficult to access. so that quota assistance was needed for students and teachers so that learning using e-learning continues to run optimally.

Mathematics is the lesson that not to interest of student. It is also a reflection for teachers to make the learning process more interesting and meaningful, so that students can develop mathematical literacy skills. The learning process can be carried out using a context that is designed on a mobile learning-based teaching material by utilizing technological devices such as smartphones that are already used by students, but the benefits are not maximized. This development research aims to produce mobile learning based teaching materials on SPLDV material to see the increase in students' mathematical literacy skills. Guided by the steps of the Rowntree development model. This development model is grouped into three stages of development, the stage stage, stage stage, stage stage, and evaluation stage. At the evaluation stage, the researcher used Tessmer's formative evaluation model, namely: (1) self evaluation; (2) expert review; (3) one-to-one evaluation; (4) small group evaluation; and (5) field testing. With data collection techniques in the form of: new interviews, questionnaires for material experts, questionnaires for media experts, questionnaires for student responses, and test instruments. The subjects of this study were students of class VIII at SMPN 23 Bandung. The results showed that the mobile learning-based SPLDV teaching materials developed were valid and feasible as a source of mathematics learning and were effective in improving students' mathematical literacy skills.

Mathematical literacy is the ability of students to carry out activities formulate, apply, and interpret & evaluate mathematics in various contexts. This study aims to analyze the needs of student worksheet development which can stimulate students' mathematical literacy. This type of research is a qualitative descriptive study involving 15 students of class XI MIPA and 2 mathematics teachers of SMA Negeri 1 Gresik. This needs analysis includes material analysis, curriculum analysis, and student analysis. The results showed that one of the difficult mathematics materials for class XI MIPA was linear program, mathematics learning was carried out according to the 2013 Curriculum with the application of Blended Learning in the new normal era, and students still had difficulty solving problems on indicators of interpreting & evaluating mathematical process abilities. Therefore, Student Worksheet based Blended Learning will be developed which is more focused on activities that prioritize the interpretation and analysis of problem solving results according to the limitations and context of the problem in the Linear Program material.

Mathematics is one of the subjects that are less attractive to students who attend Islamic boarding schools. They assume that mathematics has nothing to do with Islamic values. Whereas mathematics material has a relationship with Islamic values such as the material for arithmetic sequences and series. In this case, a teacher needs to use the right learning model to deliver the subject matter, for example with the Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) model. RME is a model of mathematics learning that can connect mathematics learning objects with real life so that students can easily understand mathematics. This study aims to describe the effect of internalizing Islamic values in mathematics learning through the Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) model in arithmetic sequences and series subjects which were carried out for two meetings. The research method used is descriptive qualitative method with the research subjects are 29 students of class XI IPA MA Matsaratul Huda. Data collection techniques used teacher and student activity observation sheets, student response questionnaire sheets, documentation, and test sheets. The results of the observation data analysis of teacher and student activities can be categorized as "very good" and students also respond "positively" to learning. From the results of student learning tests can be said to be "complete" classically with the results of 89.65% 85%. Based on the results of this study, it can be said that the internalization of Islamic values in mathematics learning through Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) affects student learning activities and outcomes and helps students understand the material and can provide new knowledge about the relationship between mathematics and Islamic values. This research can be used as an alternative in providing better learning.

The purpose of this study was to analyze students' metaphorical thinking skills in the statistic method subject during COVID-19 Pandemic using three stages of metaphorical thinking. This research was conducted from March to May 2020. Subjects in this study were 11 students of class IIB of Mathematics Education Study Program Mahasaraswati University Denpasar. This study uses descriptive analysis techniques. Data collected through tests, interviews, observations, and documentation. The results showed that students’ metaphorical thinking skills in online learning during COVID-19 Pandemic was still very low where only 20% of students answered correctly at the grounding metaphors stage, 25% at the linking metaphors stage, and only 25% at the redefinitional metaphors stage. Students tend to be confused when required to associate statistical concepts with everyday phenomena and discover the characteristics of the concepts. Online learning due to COVID-19 Pandemic also causes the suit of students to do group discussion as well as the decrease in student motivation primarily in solving metaphorical thinking questions. Some solutions that can be taken to overcome this problem are: 1) Using interactive learning, 2) Using Project-Based learning (PBL), 3) Discussing current trends in learning, 4) Demonstrating assertiveness, and establishing learning rules.

The flow of information is currently spreading very quickly, and massively, so critical thinking skills are needed to obtain valid information. Based on the 2015-2019 Ministry of Education and Culture Strategic Plan, learning activities in Indonesia have not yet facilitated the development of students' critical thinking skills. One of the lessons that are thought to be able to improve student's critical thinking skills is blended learning (BL). Therefore, this experimental study aims to determine the effectiveness of BL in terms of students' critical thinking skills. Data were collected through written tests and interviews. This study involved 68 eighth-grade junior high school students. The main instrument in this study is a mathematics test (pre-test and post-test) which consists of five essay questions. The independent sample t-test was used to compare the difference in average scores between the experimental class and the control class, followed by using the normalized gain (n-gain) score from the pretest and posttest to test the effectiveness of BL in terms of students' critical thinking skills. Based on the independent sample t-test, there is a significant difference in the average value of critical thinking skills between the BL class and the conventional class. The average n-gain score for the experimental class (BL) is categorized as less effective. The average n-gain score for the control class (conventional) is included in the ineffective category. So in conclusion, the application of BL in mathematics learning is categorized as less effective in terms of critical thinking skills.

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of learning through video presentations and Whatsapp Group (WAG) on the topic of vector space during the Covid-19 pandemic. The learning system is carried out online using videos developed by researchers and shared via WAG. This research is action research conducted in two cycles with each cycle consisting of four meetings. The subjects of this research were 14-second semester students in the Mathematics Education Study Program Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Mahasaraswati Denpasar who took Linear Algebra courses. The data collected in this study were the researcher's actions, the results of the evaluation, and student responses to the video presentation and WAG applied by the researcher. The results of this study indicate that the application of video presentations and WAG on the topic of vector space during the Covid-19 pandemic was classified as effective, because the average student score increased 12.9% and 1.3% respectively with the class average before the action 68, after the action in cycle I 76.79 and after the action in cycle II 77.79. Student responses regarding the application of video presentations and WAG were very positive. This learning strategy can be used as a solution during the Covid-19 pandemic, which requires students and lecturers to carry out the teaching and learning process from home.

The objectives of this study are (1) to develop online-based mathematics teaching materials to improve problem-solving skills in distance learning in the pandemic era and (2) to determine the level of validation of the development of online-based mathematics teaching materials to improve problem-solving skills based on expert validation tests. This R&D research uses the ADDIE model which consists of analysis (analysis), design (planning), development (development), implementation (implementation), and evaluation (evaluation). However, the implementation in this research only reached the development stage. The subjects of this study were class teachers and 5th grade students of SD Negeri Plumutan, Bancak, Semarang Regency. The results of this study are (1) there are three stages in this research and development, namely analyzing the characteristics and initial abilities of students, planning and making teaching materials with the weebly website, and developing by conducting expert validation tests. (2) based on the validation test, material experts give a percentage of 85% with the criteria of "very good", teaching materials experts get a percentage of 90% with the criteria of "very good", and material experts get a percentage of 75% with the criteria of "good".Keywords: development, teaching materials, mathematics, online learning, weebly

Background of the study: Libraries occupy a very strategic position in supporting scientific communication in universities. Purpose: This study aims to analyze the policy of strengthening the role of libraries in supporting scientific communication at IAIN Curup. Method: This type of research is descriptive qualitative. Data collection was carried out by means of interviews and documentation. Findings: The results of this study indicate that there are several policies that have been and will be carried out by the IAIN Curup and the IAIN Curup Library in supporting scientific communication at IAIN Curup, namely 1) regulations and development strategies in the institutional strategic plan; 2) carry out routine user education activities; 3) online research skills training for academicians; 4) providing e-resources; 5) information literacy class program for students and lecturers; and 6) book review activities. The lecturers hope that the means of scientific communication can be improved so that the role of libraries can be maximized in scientific communication activities. The concept that can be offered in order to strengthen the role and function of libraries in the development of scientific communication at IAIN Curup is the revitalization of user education by adding facilities and facilities for user education activities. Then the increase in the promotion of services and facilities at the IAIN Curup Library. Conclusion: The position of libraries in supporting scientific communication in tertiary institutions must be strengthened through policies in favor of libraries.

The research aims to test the effectiveness of three-dimensional (3D) modelling of metallic bonding as a learning media to optimize student visual-spatial intelligence. The respondents of this research were 25 students of the class 2017 in Universitas Negeri Surabaya. Data was collected online three times, including initial knowledge test, small group test, and large group test. The data collection method uses multiple-choice tests consisting of ten questions about metallic bonding and five visual-spatial questions. There is a 20-minute limit to answer all those questions after getting the experience to use the media. The effectiveness is analyzed based on classical learning completeness obtained from the average individual completeness value. Based on the results, the interactive multimedia 3D metallic bonding model effectively optimizes visual-spatial intelligence. The percentage of classical completeness in the small and large groups is 75.00 and 76.00 (%), respectively. This value is classified into the high category based on the recapitulation of student learning outcomes level.

This study aims to provide an empirical picture of whether or not the Teams Games-Tournament (TGT) learning model aided by Question Box media has an impact on the fourth-grade science learning outcomes at SDN Cengkareng Barat 16 Pagi West Jakarta in the second semester of the 2018/2019 academic year. The research population consisted of 55 students consisting of 28 students of class IV A and 27 students of IV B. The sampling technique used is saturated sampling. This study used a quantitative approach, and the research method used was a quasi-experimental design with a Nonequivalent Posttest-Only Control Group Design. The result showed an effect of the Teams Games-Tournament (TGT) learning model assisted by the question box media on student learning outcomes in science.

Self Confidence is one of the attitudes that every student needs to have. Low self confidence possessed by students can hinder their development, including in the learning process. Various attempts have been made by guidance and counseling teachers to foster students self confidence, one of which is through content mastery services. But in fact the services that have been provided have not achieved maximum results, so the purpose of this study is to find out how the implementation of content mastery services using talk card media to increase the confidence of grade VII students of SMP VIP PESAWAT Wates Kulon Progo. The method used in this research is a combination of qualitative and quantitative which is designed in the form of guidance and counseling action research. The subjects in this study were 29 grade VII students of SMP VIP PESAWAT Wates Kulon Progo who were determined with special characteristics, namely students with low self confidence. Based on the results of the analysis of this action research, it can be concluded that there is an increase in self confidence obtained from the results of implementing content mastery services with talk card media for class VII students of SMP VIP PESAWAT Wates Kulon Progo. Keywords: Content Mastery Services; Talking Cards; Self Confidence

This qualitative study intended to describe the use of WhatApp (WA) as a communication channel used in teaching English as a Foreign Language, especially in Speaking class at 2020/2021 academic year. To gain the data, the reserachers interviewed two teachers teaching two different Speaking classes and observed the communication happened during teaching and learning process within WA group in which 23 students participated in each class. The results of interview showed that the use of WA as communication channel in teaching and learning process was based on some reasons as all participants had this application and could operate this application well; WA offered complete fitures that could facilitate teaching and learning as well as communication process; this application was considered to be less internet data consuming so it would not burden the participants. In addition, the results of observation showed that the verbal and non verbal communication performed by WA participants accommodated social, ritual, expressive, and instrumental communication functions which led to sustainable communication and intimacy amongst the members. Regarding the posstive sides of WA, the researchers suggest all educators to make use WA in their online learning. Besides, the further researchers are encouraged to conduct further investigation on WA implementation in order to broader the knowledge of communication in education. Keywords: Communication, Education, WhatsApp, Communication Channels DOI: https://doi.org/10.26905/nomosleca.v7i1.5535

The purpose of this study was to determine the types and factors that cause student difficulties in solving mathematical abstraction problems on the subject of functions. This research used a qualitative descriptive research type, with research subjects totaling 3 students of class VIII MTS Mada Nusantara Jepara in the academic year 2019/2020 who were taken by purposive sampling. The data collection techniques used were tests, interviews, and documentation . Data analysis used includes data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the research conclusions obtained are: 1) Types of difficulties in solving mathematical abstraction problems in the subject of functions, namely students having difficulty understanding the concept of functions, students having difficulty applying the right formula, students having difficulty connecting between concepts, and students having difficulty in carrying out operations. 2) Factors that cause students difficulty in solving mathematical abstraction problems on the subject of functions, namely students lack of practice in solving questions, students are confused about applying the right formula, students are less careful and in a hurry in solving questions, and students do not double-check their answers. Keywords : Causative Factor; Mathematical Abstraction; Student’s Difficulties

This research aimed to understand the critical thinking ability improvement and preparedness assisted by Android-based media to understand landslides through physics learning and understand the effectiveness of the media. This research provides knowledge about disaster preparedness through physics learning in landslide-prone schools using Android media. This research used quasi-experimental with Control Group Design. The research subjects included tenth-grade students in class X (30 people) at SMA N 1 Kokap. The samples were selected using the lottery method and saturated sampling technique to determine the control and experiment groups (quasi-experimental with Control Group Design). The pretest and posttest were in the form of essay questions. The analysis data used independent sample T-test and effect size. The results show that the average critical thinking ability of the experimental class increased from 18.13 to 65.00, and the average preparedness increased from 68.75 to 81.88. The results of the independent sample t-test show the value of Sig. (2-tailed) on critical thinking ability was 0.000 and preparedness was 0.027 (Sig. (2-tailed) 0.05). Thus, it can be concluded that there are significant differences in critical thinking ability and disaster preparedness in the experimental class and the control class. The effect size of using an Android-based understanding of landslide natural disasters on students' critical thinking ability and preparedness is 2.0 with high effectiveness. Media landslides and landslides through Android-based physics learning can improve students’ critical thinking ability and disaster preparedness.

The Teacher Professional Education program (Program Profesi Guru/PPG) equips the teachers’ lifelong teaching skills and improves pedagogical knowledge to lead a successful profession as a teacher. However, the real condition in the SMPN 4 Malang suggested the opposite results, portraying the struggle of some PPG graduates in understanding the K-13 based curriculum, its planning the lesson plan and implementation in their class. This article aims to describe the community service activities teacher professional education coaching to produce high quality lesson plan. The Community Service team reaches out their hands to answer their needs by constructing a coaching and mentoring program in three phases, initiation, implementation and evaluation. Initiation process was done through seminar and focused group discussion, whereas the implementation focused on assisting the revised lesson plan and evaluating the document with the constructed evaluation instrument, then lastly evaluation was done in the microteaching and reflection stage. The results shows that the teachers were already aware of the process standards and content standards of lessons plan, in facts there were still some components that in practice didn’t written properly. Besides, there were also some parts of the lesson plan contents which didn’t match each other. To sum up, after this project, it is highly expected that the PPG graduates’ teachers in SMPN 4 Malang have less difficulties in understanding the government education regulation, in order to plan a more attractive and productive lesson as well as generate self-evaluation tool for further analysis or study. It is suggested to teachers to upgrade their lesson plan by implementing STEAM approach, 4Cs skills and using innovative teaching methods, besides the teachers still need good knowledge and practice in implementing sorts of online teaching platforms.

Small group discussions (group work) are an important part of the learning process though students are rarely skilled at asking a question. The purpose of this study is to examine student interactions and questioning skills during group work. This research study uses a qualitative descriptive approach. The research subjects consist of eight students who were divided heterogeneously into two groups, with four members for each group. The research instrument consists of the researcher herself, a task in the form of a trigonometric ratio group worksheet, and three video cameras to observe discussion activities. One camera was focused on all class activities and two cameras were pointing at each group being observed. All conversation transcripts during the discussion are deciphered, coded, and then analyzed qualitatively. The results of this study show the interaction of conveying opinion/rebuttals, asking questions, and providing answers, with the percentage of giving opinions/ objections were more dominant than other interactions. The ability to ask questions was obtained by 50% of the students having the medium questioning ability and 50% having the low questioning ability, with the level of questions asked at the LOTS level, namely C1 and C3 levels. None of the students had high questioning skills. Of the two groups observed, group A was more active in interacting both in terms of exchanging opinions/rebuttals, asking questions, and providing answers. Suggestions for further research need to be carried out an in-depth analysis of discussion activities both in terms of asking questions or providing feedback to see the emergence of collaborative reasoning.

Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui proses berpikir matematis aspek abstraksi siswa kelas XI menggunakan pembelajaran creative problem solving pada materi barisan dan deret aritmetika. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 31 siswa kelas XI MIPA 2 SMA Negeri 4 Palembang. Proses pembelajaran disesuaikan dengan langkah-langkah pembelajaran creative problem solving. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan tes dan wawancara. Soal tes terdiri dari 3 soal uraian. Tes dilakukan untuk mengetahui proses berpikir matematis aspek abstraksi siswa yang muncul saat mengerjakan soal. Wawancara dilakukan untuk menggali alasan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal tes. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa setelah dilakukan pembelajaran menggunakan CPS, tidak semua tahapan proses berpikir matematis aspek abstraksi siswa ditunjukkan secara bersamaan dalam menyelesaikan masalah untuk setiap indikator berpikir matematis aspek abstraksi. Proses spesialisasi dan observasi pola ditunjukkan ketika siswa mengidentifikasi masalah, membuat pola dan menyusunnya menjadi sebuah strategi penyelesaian masalah. Tetapi pada proses memeriksa konjektur, siswa masih perlu dilatih untuk membuat pembuktian dan penyelesaian dengan cara yang beragam agar terbiasa dalam memeriksa dugaan penyelesaian masalah.

This study aimed to determining the effect of using VAK (Visual, Auditory and Kinesthetic) learning model on the mathematics problem solving abilities. This study utilized a quantitative method with a research design Post-Test Only Control Design. The instrument is used a test of mathematics problem solving abilities that has been validated by expert lecturers. Accordingly, the data has reliable instrument. The data in the Requirements Test analysis encompassed the normality and homogeneity tests. Hence, the variance data of the group an homogeneous distribution. Besides in the Hypothesis Test utilizing the t-test, it was attained that t count = 3.544 > ttable = 2.001. Accordingly, from the data of the two classes, H1 is accepted. Hence, There is a significant effect between the VAK (Visual, Auditory and Kinesthetic) learning model and the class that does not utilize it.

¬Creative thinking is one of the competencies needed in the Industrial Revolution 4.0, where change is very dynamic, so it must be balanced with an irregular way of thinking. This study analyzes the effect of the project-based learning models on the STEM approach to creative thinking skills and mathematics learning outcomes. The population was grade VII students of SMP PGRI 6 Denpasar in the 2019/2020 school year. The sample of the experimental class and the control class used the random sampling technique. The experimental class was given treatment with a project-based learning model based on the STEM approach, while the control group used a conventional project-based learning model. Data on creative thinking skills were collected using a questionnaire, and data on mathematics learning outcomes were collected using essay tests. Data were analyzed using the Manova test. The results of the study: there is an effect of the STEM approach-based project-based learning model on creative thinking skills; there is an effect of project-based learning model based on STEM approach on mathematics learning outcomes; there is an effect of the project-based learning model based on the STEM approach together on creative thinking skills and mathematics learning outcomes.

The purpose of this study was to develop valid, practical, and effective learning using the GeoGebra-assisted Contextual Teaching & Learning (CTL) learning model using the Flipped Learning model to improve the mathematical representation abilities of junior high school students. This research is research and development (R&D). This research has five stages: analyzing the developed product, developing the initial product, expert validation and revision, small-scale field trials and product revisions, and testing large-scale field and final products. Based on the results of several studies, including lesson plans and valid textbooks. From the limited test, the ten questions of the representation ability test were also valid and reliable. The lesson plans and textbooks developed are also practical in terms of teachers and students. Moreover, the average value of the mathematical representation in the experimental class is classified as effective in increasing students' mathematical representation ability. That way, the mathematics learning device characterized by GeoGebra assisted CTL using the Flipped Learning model can be said to be valid, practical, and effective.

This study aimed to determine PjBL-STEM implementations effect to improve science process skills and students’ learning outcomes on the material of substances and their characteristics. The type of research used was a quasі-experiment with a pre-test post-test control group design. The research subjects were students of class VII Darul Ihsan Islamic Junior High School Aceh Besar, which consisted of eight classes. The sample group was determined by purposive sampling technique so that two classes were obtained as the research sample, namely class VII-G as an experimental class and VII-H as a control class. The results showed that the implementation of the PjBL-STEM model could increase students’ science process skills. The average students’ science process skills in the control and experimental classes were 53 and 55 with sufficient categories. However, after implementing the Discovery Learning model in the control class and PjBL-STEM in the experimental class, the students' science process skills' average score increased to 76 with good categories and 86 with excellent categories. The PjBL-STEM model was also able to improve students’ learning outcomes. Based on the results of the t-test analysis with a significant score of 0.05, it showed that the post-test scores in both classes were obtained t- count (2.011) > t- table (1.666), so it was concluded that there was a significant difference between the two classes. N-gain testing showed an increase in students’ learning outcomes between the control and experimental classes with scores of 74 and 79. This study concluded that the PjBL-STEM model could improve science process skills and students’ learning outcomes.

This study aims to determine the implementation of Focusky and Kahoot in increasing motivation to learn SMK students. This research uses descriptive research methods supported by qualitative and quantitative data. The main purpose of descriptive research is to get a detailed picture of a situation while answering questions such as who, when where, and how. The type of descriptive research was chosen because this study aims to describe matters related to the implementation of the Focusky and Kahoot applications in increasing students' motivation towards mathematics in vocational high schools. The subjects in this study were 5 students of class X SMK Al Huda Sariwangi. Data collection techniques used in this study were questionnaires and tests. From the results of the study, it can be revealed that learning by implementing the Focusky and Kahoot applications, in the learning process creates a more interesting, fun, and interactive learning atmosphere so that it has a positive impact on increasing student learning motivation and makes it easier for students to understand the material delivered by the teacher.Keywords: Focusky, Kahoot, Learning Motivation

Knowledge of natural disasters is a science that everyone should have. This led the government to take policy by incorporating disaster mitigation materials into the school learning curriculum. Natural disaster mitigation modules based on science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) are considered to support learning that can encourage students to be active, creative, innovative in doing group work and completing experimental projects that can solve real problems because it contains STEM-based worksheets to help students to understand the material more quickly. The purpose of this study was to determine the process of developing a STEM-based natural disaster mitigation learning module and the learning outcomes of class XI SMA / MA students in the city of Banda Aceh. The research method used in this research is research and development with a development model of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation (ADDIE). In this study, several data collection was carried out starting with the needs analysis data, STEM based module validation data, response data, and student learning outcomes. The validation of module evaluation used Aiken's V test. T-test results for the experimental class showed a significant difference in the student learning outcomes of SMA/ MA in Banda Aceh after learning natural disaster mitigation using STEM-based modules.

The purpose of this study was to find a solution to the problem in applying the NHT (Numbered Heads Together) cooperative learning model to improve student learning outcomes in Class XII Social Studies Major of SMA Mathla�ul Anwar High School Batujaya Karawang. This study used a classroom action research method. The study was conducted in three cycles and each cycle consists of 4 steps, namely planning, acting/implementing, observing, and reflecting. The results of the study show students' improvement in understanding the legal protection and law enforcement materials after the implementation of NHT cooperative learning model. By using the NHT model, the students find it easier to understand the concepts that used to be considered difficult. Before implementing the model, the understanding level of the students at SMA Mathla�ul Anwar Batujaya Karawang was relatively low because some students� scores were below the minimum completeness criteria. After the actions in the three cycles were completed, the student learning outcomes increase. The students� average score before the treatment was 60.16. It increased to 68.25 in cycle 1, 72.50 in cycle 2, and 80.25 in cycle 3. This increase indicates that the NHT model can help the students improve their understanding. In the learning process using this model, the students feel that they are systematically guided in understanding the materials. Moreover, it helps the students in improving their ability to explain the learning materials and to provide examples on the legal protection and law enforcement materials in the learning process using the NHT cooperative learning model.

Pedagogic skills are not obtained instantly by prospective teachers if they only study learning theories. The facts in the microteaching class, although they have understood constructivism theory, they find it difficulty to initiate constructive learning instruction. Through Lesson Study practice, collaboration between teachers and prospective teachers in lesson planning is expected to raise a focus on important points in each stage of learning (pedagogic skills). The comments of prospective teachers are recorded, analysis of field notes, and also see phase with reflection are documented. Student prospective teachers self-assessment data on planning, observation, and reflection skills as supporting as quantitative data. The result is that prospective teachers reach the very good category in compiling a lesson plan, while the aspects of skills to observe and reflect on learning are in the medium and low categories. The implications of pedagogic learning through lesson study are discussed in this article. Kata Kunci :kolegialitas, lesson study, mahasiswa calon guru, rencana pembelajaran.

Mathematical creative thinking ability and self-efficacy are a combination of abilities students need to have when studying mathematics. Mathematical learning is expected to improve both abilities. However, teachers still use conventional learning such as direct teaching, which results in a low increase in students' mathematical creative thinking abilities and self-efficacy. So we need alternative student-centred learning and teachers as facilitators who provide scaffolding. The study was conducted to obtain a description of the discovery learning process with scaffolding which aims to improve the ability to think creatively and self-efficacy. Two quasi-experimental designs with three class groups were used: The Matching-only Pretest-posttest Control Group Design was used to measure mathematical creative thinking skills, and The Matching-only Posttest-only Control Group Design was used to measure the self-efficacy scale. Based on the results of one-way ANOVA, the mathematical creative thinking ability of students discovery learning with scaffolding is better than discovery learning and conventional learning. Likewise, this happens to 'self-efficacy, based on the one-way ANOVA that students' self-efficacy of discovery learning with scaffolding is better than discovery learning and conventional learning. The learning process of discovery learning with scaffolding has a positive impact on the improvement of mathematical creative thinking abilities and self-efficacy

Development of technology is increasingly rapid today, including in the field of education. Technological developments are sometimes not used properly in the learning process, so that students not actively studying in class. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of using 3D visualization media on nucleophilic substitution reaction material to improve students' concept mastery. Research method used was a quasi-experiment with pre-test and post-test design, involved 68 students from two different universities in West Java. The test instrument to measure concept mastery consisted of nine reasoned multiple-choice questions. The results showed that the use of 3D visualization media in nucleophilic substitution reaction materials can improve students' mastery of concepts. Based on the N-gain calculation results, University A was better than University B except for the indicators of determining that obtained a medium category and sorting that obtained a low category. There were four indicators of concept mastery used, including determining, analyzing, linking, and sorting indicators.

This study aims to describe the TGT model assisted by petting games to improve students' critical thinking skills. This class action research will be carried out in class IV SDN Pati Wetan 03 with research subjects 35 students and teachers planned in 2 cycles. Data collection techniques in this study were observation, interview, documentation, and test techniques. Analysis of the data used is quantitative and qualitative analysis. Results Increased student learning activities attitudes in the first cycle of 75.5 and increased in the second cycle to 80.5. Whereas the students' learning activities aspects of skills in the first cycle amounted to 70.5 and increased in the second cycle to 79.7. Increased students' critical thinking skills in the first cycle by 70.2 and increased in the second cycle to 81.6. The results of the study can be concluded that the results of the application of the model assisted by plete playing media can improve students' critical thinking skills. Keywords: Teams Games Tournament, Pletokan Games, Critical Thinking Ability

Several previous studies have shown that students have difficulty integrating ethnoscience into science learning. Students are more likely to be introduced to the basic concepts of ethnoscience without involving how to integrate ethnoscience into science learning. The impact is that students’ scientific literacy is low. This is what underlies researchers to apply the Local Wisdom Integrated Science (LWIS) learning model by using local Madurese content to train students’ scientific literacy. The aim of this study was to evaluate differences in student scientific literacy after implementing the LWIS learning model in ethnoscience learning with local Madurese content. The method used was pre-experimental study with one group pretest-posttest design. When the study was carried out in the even semester of the 2019/2020 academic year by taking 22 students via purposive sampling technique as a sample of all students in class 6A of science education, Trunojoyo University, Madura. Analysis of data using descriptive statistics and paired sample t test. The results showed that there were different in the scientific literacy of the students using the LWIS learning model before and after studying ethnoscience with local Madurese material. The entire LWIS syntax helps train students' scientific literacy by including self-awareness of the importance of local Madurese content as a learning context. Ethnoscience can be integrated into science learning through the STEAM approach. The contribution of STEAM to the LWIS learning model and self-awareness is very significant in developing ethnoscience learning for local Madurese content from elementary, middle, and tertiary level.

Nowadays , most students are familiar with the notebook for daily use. The compactness and flexibility of the notebook offer more benefits than a PC. The teachers can engage it during teaching physics. Hence, th is research had developed an electrical circuit virtual experiment that acts like real experiments . It can be accessed easily by students in their notebook. This study introduces a flash-based animation C ircuit B uilder as a simulation designed to help students understand the electrical circuit. This study's purposes were: (1) to analyze the feasibility level of Circuit Builder for enhancing students’ electrical circuit mastery and (2) to know the effectiveness of Circuit Builder based on students’ electrical circuit mastery. Circuit Builder was developed by 4D (Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate) model. The feasibility level was analyzed by CVI (Content Validity Index). Then, the effectiveness was tested with effect size . This study proved that the virtual laboratory "Circuit Builder” was feasible in physics class with a moderate effect size. The virtual laboratory could improve students’ electrical circuit mastery than doing practices with traditional laboratories .

This research aims to determine the effectiveness of the heat and temperature module based on the Guided-Inquiry Laboratory (GIL) model. The type of this research was a quasi-experimental research with a pretest-posttest control group design. The samples were the seventh grade of one of junior high school in Kediri, as many as 60 students, with two classes: module as experiment class and existing class as control class. The module class was treated using a GIL-based module and existing class using modules commonly used at school. The sampling technique used in this research was purposive sampling. The instrument used to collect data on scientific inquiry literacy was a multiple-choice test. This study found that there are statistically significant differences between the module and the existing class with an Effect Size (ES) of 0,413. The average score of scientific inquiry literacy N-Gains score calculation in the module class was higher by 0,68 compared to the existing class 0f 0,47. The result indicates that there is a medium impact of applying heat and temperature module to the indicator of scientific inquiry literacy. These findings contribute that employing the GIL-based heat and temperature module proved to be effective in the quality of science learning among module class students.

This study aims to analyze the ability of scientific work skills, junior high school science materials, and describe and explain the climate of junior high school science learning for development of learning instruments with a scientific approach. This research is a descriptive study with survey methods. The research population was all interested parties, namely the organizers, class IX students, and the users of the graduates. A total of 495 respondents were selected as samples determined by the purposive sampling technique. The results showed that stakeholders support the need for scientific work skills that need to be responded to as much as 92.7%. The junior high school science programmed by the curriculum can facilitate learning with a scientific approach of 93.7%. Stakeholders assess the learning climate are considered adequate (good) with a mean conversion score of 4.33.

This research aims to use Hawgent dynamic mathematics software to create a learning media on lines and angles based on students' weaknesses and difficulties when studying the material using traditional methods. This research is development research using the ADDIE model. Instruments in the form of validation sheets and practicality. The results show that learning media using Hawgent dynamic mathematics software can explain basic concepts in the material of lines and angles. Implementation in learning and teacher and student responses show that Hawgent learning media positively affects learning the concept of lines and angles. Students in the experimental class are more active when explaining the material on lines and angles using Hawgent dynamic mathematics software. So that this learning media can help students in teaching and learning activities in class. Keywords : Hawgent dynamic mathematics software, Line and angle, ICT.

Low learning motivation is very influential on school achievement. Motivation is a factor for students because it can support the spirit of learning. The benefits of learning motivation are very much like enthusiasm in completing schoolwork, student achievement increases, and fosters confidence. This study aims to determine counseling guindance services in learning motivation for students of SMK N 3 Kasihan Bantul. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach. The results of this study resulted in the services provided by BK teacher including all students both students with special needs or not, because the scholl of SMK N Kasihan accepts students with special needss, there are 4 classifications of children with special needs in SMK N Kasihan namely slow learners, autistic, deaf, tunadaksa. The counseling guidance for students of SMK N 3 Kasihan is first, at the beginning of the semester the guidance teacher chooses and sorts and looks for students who have decreased learning, can be seen from the daily grades or report cards. Second, provide special hours when there are empty subjects because the teacher does not have special hours to enter the class because there are too many subjects that require a lot of time such as the practice of drawing, painting and photographing. Third, BK teachers work together with the homeroom teacher or other teachers to find out the problems experienced by students.whereas counseling guindance service at SMK N 3 Kasihan, BK teacher guidance service condacted by BK teacher are orientation services, information service, indicidual counseling services, group guidance services, and group counseling services.

Inclusive education requires special educators who have good abilities in regulating emotions. Psychoeducation helps educators regulate the emotions they feel. This activity aims to provide solutions to the obstacles faced and felt by special educators through emotional regulation psychoeducation. The psychoeducation activity was carried out in one of the inclusive schools in Batu City for a duration of 4 hours. The partner of this activity was a special educator teacher in an inclusion class in Batu City, they get material in the form of emotional regulation. They also have the opportunity to ask questions and answer and express their feelings during teaching. This activity was considered successful if the activity participants have a higher score after the activity (on the emotion regulation scale). Data analysis of the results of this activity was carried out by comparing the average scale score before and after the implementation of the activity using the excel program. The results of the activity showed that the psychoeducation that had been carried out was able to improve emotional regulation skills. After giving psychoeducation all participants (100%) had the ability to regulate emotions at a good level. Thus, this activity can improve emotional regulation skills.

This study aims to describe the process of developing Constructivism-based Mathematics Multimedia, determine students’ perceptions of Multimedia and find out the level of improvement in students’ mathematics communication skills after using this Multimedia. This research ran for 1 month in class X MIPA 1, X MIPA 2, and X MIPA 3 SMAN 1 Jambi. The development model used in this study is the ADDIE development model. The type of data is qualitative data and quantitative data. From the results of the pre-test and post-test, it was found that 13 students had an increase in mathematical communication skills with high criteria, 7 students had an increase in mathematical communication skills with medium criteria, and 12 students had an increase in mathematical communication skills with low criteria. Based on the results of the study it can be concluded that Constructivism-based Multimedia can improve the students’ mathematics communication skills.

This quasi-experiment aims to determine the influence of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model and verbal-visual abilities on Grade VIII students’ learning outcomes. The population in this study were all students of SMPN 7 Kerinci and the sample of the study was 27 students from class VIII A as the experimental class and 26 students from class VIII B as the control class. Research data collection through test instruments to see students’ mathematics learning outcomes. Statistical analysis using two-way ANOVA with SPSS 21 software with a significance of 0.05. The results showed that there was an influence of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model and verbal-visual ability on the mathematics learning outcomes of Grade VIII students with sig. 0,001 less than 0,005, there is an influence of verbal-visual ability on mathematics learning outcomes of class VIII students with sig. 0,000 less than 0.05 and there is no interaction between the PBL model and verbal-visual ability in influencing students’ learning outcomes in class VIII with sig. 0.341more than 0.05.

This paper aims to know the implementation of distance learning during COVID-19 cases in Pacitan and to find out the obstacles in handling distance learning in Pacitan. This is phenomenological research. The data were collected by using an online interview with parents. There were 48 parents of kindergarten and elementary school students as the sample. The researcher selected the sample by using simple random sampling. The results showed that there were five implementations of distance learning: doing worksheets from school (15 students), joining online class/online sources from the internet (7 students), completing the task from school (18 students), doing free activities without guidance (4 students), doing free activities with guidance (7 students). However, there were eight obstacles faced by parents in implementing distance learning: the parents could not focus to guide children in learning (4 respondents), the children could not focus to their learning (10 respondents), the children got boredom (4 respondents), the children did not want to learn (10 respondents), the children wanted to watch the television or play games (4 respondents), the children asked to go to school (3 respondents), the children could not do online learning (7 respondents), and the children had limited understanding related to the material (3 respondents).

Misconception is a serious problem faced by high school students. Through the application of inquiry learning model, this study tries to reduce students' misconceptions, especially on thermochemical material. The experimental method with the pretest-posttest randomized control group design was used in this study. The samples of the research were 72 eleventh-grade high school students. The inquiry model was applied to the experimental class and the scientific approach was applied to the control class. The three-tier multiple choice with the Certainty of Response Index (CRI) was used to look at misconceptions experienced by the students. The results of the statistical calculation found that the toserved was greater than tcritical. The reduction of misconception categories and the percentage of reduction of misconceptions in the experimental class was 47.53 % in the medium category. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the inquiry learning model helped the students to overcome the misconceptions in thermochemical material. The researcher recommends that the inquiry learning model can be applied to other chemistry materials because their learning can help students find the correct concepts and reduce misconceptions.

The studied aims to determined the characteristics of the development of learned devices with the problem-based learned model with a scientific approached which container the character in math subject. The research method used is a development research. Development is carried out with the preparation of valid, practical and effective tools. The learned tools developed were syllabus, (RPP) Learning Implementation Plans, (LKS) Student Worksheets, Student Books, and TKPM (Problem Solving Ability Tests). After the learned device valid then tested, the experiment was carried out by observed the learned process, process skills, students' character, at the end of the learned process did by TKPM and filled in the student response questionnaire. Data were analyzed to determined the practicality and effectiveness of the used of learned devices. The results showed: (1) the average score of the learned device validation results was 4.37 in the very good category so the devices developed were valid; (2) the application of practical learned tools because the average score of the teacher's ability to manage to learned is 3.98 in the good category and the average score of 4.36 student respons is in the very good category; (3) the application of effective learned devices because TKPM has achieved classical completed, the average TKPM experimental class better than the control class, the proportion of completed TKPM students experiment better than control class students, there is a positive influence was students' process and attitude skills towards TKPM, there is an increase in mathematical problem-solved abilities.

The low interest in reading Indonesian students as one of the literacy skills. As an alternative solution to this, effective literacy improvement programs are needed for elementary school students. This study aims to determine the method of child writer's class program as a program to strengthen children's literacy. The subjects were 20 child writer class participants. In this research, data was taken by a descriptive qualitative method. The object was from students who have in 7th and 11th years old. The program was done by organizes literacy activities such as seminars and writing training. Activities in this program emphasize a percentage of 30.0% of theoretical and 70.0% of writing practice. The results showed that the child in writing activity has strengthened literacy skills. It was caused because they understood the program. The program supported them to increase literacy skills especially writing. This is evidenced by the success of the program in publishing two anthology books written by 67 young writers.

This research is motivated by the many learning obstacles experienced by students in understanding the three-dimensional material, while the teaching materials used by teachers are inadequate because they do not pay attention to student needs. Therefore, this study aims to determine the characteristics of Learning obstacles that occur in students in the three dimensional material as well as to find out the didactic designs used in overcoming Learning obstacles. Didactic design developed in the form of teaching materials are arranged based on four things, namely learning obstacle that occurs, learning trajectory, didactical situation theory and the process of abstraction. The research method used is a qualitative method with a didactic design approach. The subjects in this study were 35 students of class X SMAN 4 Cimahi, with instruments in the form of Respondents' Ability Tests about 5 questions and validation sheets of teaching materials from expert validators. The results showed that the characteristics of Learning obstacle that occurred in the three dimensional material were Ontogenic Obstacle, Didactical Obstacle and Obstacle Epistemology. Then a didactic design was made which was implemented as many as 6 meetings with a validation percentage of 69.5% expert validator, a retrospective analysis was carried out to analyze the students' responses to the didactic hypothesis design, because there were still mismatches of student responses and obstacle epistemology was still found. the validation percentage increased to 76% with a valid category. Based on the implementation, this didactic design can overcome the learning obstacles experienced by students in the three dimensional material. The implications of this study, the good teaching materials provided to students must be arranged based on the needs of students which, including analysis of learning obstacles and student learning trajectories so that learning objectives can be achieved.

This study aims to determine the improvement of science process skills with the media using concrete in science learning by inquiry. The study was conducted using a quasi-experimental design with a nonequivalent control group design. In the experimental group applied to learn to utilize concrete media in learning science in an inquiry, while the control class applied to conventional learning utilizing audio-visual media. Subject: The study included 60 students of class V Elementary School performances in Purwakarta district. The test results for the normalization gain skills enhancement process gain values obtained experimental class (N-gain 0.46) is greater than the value of the class gain control (N-gain 0.17). Based on the test results mean difference two improvements by using the t-test, obtained t = 2.688 table = 2.045, with sig. 0.012 α 0.05 then H0 is rejected and Ha. Therefore, inquiry science learning by utilizing concrete media can significantly improve students' science process skills.

The existence of laboratory activities in or outside the room can facilitate students in visualizing the imagination to be real. This study aims to determine the effect of using practicum methods on the students' representation ability and cognitive learning outcomes on the subject matter Classification of Living Things. This research was conducted at Junior High School 26 Bandar Lampung. The method uses a quasi-experimental method with Pretest-Posttest Non-Equivalent Control Group Design. A random sampling technique took the sample in this study, and the research subject uses class VII A as experiment class and VII B as a control class. The data in this study are quantitative data that were analyzed using the Independent sample t-test. Based on the results of this study, the effect of practicum methods on the students' representation ability is level 1, and 2 before the treatment then increases to levels 3, 4, and 5 after the practicum with the student answers that have made elements representation such as tables, graphs, icons, and images. Therefore, practicum methods can be used by science educators to facilitate students in conceptual understanding by using elements of representation.

The ability of mathematical representation is one of the abilities that must be possessed by students in learning mathematics. In fact, students 'mathematical representation ability is still relatively low, so we need a learning model that can improve students' mathematical representation abilities, namely Model Eliciting Activities (MEA) with STAD type. The purpose of this study is to compare the mathematical representation ability of students taught using MEA with STAD type and those taught with conventional learning. The approach to be used is a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental research method and using a control group pretest-posttest design. The population in this study were all VII grade students. Sampling was done using simple random sampling, which consisted of two classes, class VII1 as the experimental class and class VII2 as the control class. Data collection is used by using a mathematical representation ability test sheet. The data analysis technique used is independent t-test. Based on these analysis it can be concluded that the mathematical representation ability of students taught using MEA with STAD type is better than conventional learning.

The challenges of the 21st-century life require that every individual must master 21st-century skills. The 21st-century learning and innovation (4C) skills are among the skills that rank first among other skills. Collaboration skills are part of 4C skills that are important for students to develop. The 2013 curriculum policy and STEM-based learning are solutions to the challenges of the 21st-century development. The results of a survey of 16 high schools in the city of Semarang, show that schools have not applied to learn with the STEM approach and have not specifically developed collaboration skills. The purpose of this study is to investigate the development of student collaboration skills through the application of STEM-based physics learning. The research method used was quasi experimental with a form of nonequivalent control group design. The subjects of this study were students of class X MIPA SMA 11 Semarang, class X MIPA 5 as an experimental class, and class X MIPA 7 as a control class. Retrieval of data using observation and documentation methods. Analysis of research data using observation sheet analysis with the help of SPSS and Microsoft Office Excel programs. The results showed that collaboration skills after applying STEM-based physics learning developed in the medium category.

The focus of this research is on management of educational communication in enhancing the attitude of multiculturalism, both communication management at the class and faculty level. This research approach is qualitative with descriptive analytic type, while the techniques of collecting data are observation, interview and documentation as well as a closed questionnaire specifically for multiculturalism attitude data. Data analysis techniques using Milles and Huberman patterns, namely data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing, specifically the data of multiculturalism attitude analyzed quantitative descriptive. The results of this study found that multicultural education communication management strategies include the educational system, communicator credibility, communication processes in learning / lectures, educational institution culture, content of teaching materials, communicant attitudes, multiculturalism values, and the involvement of all social education environments. 78% have a multicultural attitude towards the civitas and alumni in supporting the application of multiculturalism values. This is supported by internal factors, namely educational communicators, messages in the form of lecture materials related to multiculturalism, culture or campus climate which intersect with multiculturalism. While external factors, including: Balinese culture and habits of interaction between Balinese with foreign cultures. Keywords: Communication Management, Education, Multicultural DOI: https://doi.org/10.26905/nomosleca.v6i1.4037

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of comics on students' learning outcomes. The research population is students of eight grades. This research is a quasi-experimental design with a nonequivalent control group design. The determination of the research sample used the intact group technique. The average of students' learning outcomes in the experimental class, which is using comic is 15.29 while the control class, which is using PowerPoint is 11.90, and the value of effect size is 1.56. The learning by using comics is sufficient to increase the students' learning outcomes.