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Frying is a food processing process that is important due to flavor formation in food product. An oxidation reaction shall occur during frying, which may affect the quality and stability of cooking oil. Synthetic antioxidants that exceed this limit can be harmful to health, so in order to enhance the stability of frying oil it is necessary to use of natural antioxidant like phenolic compounds from cardamom essential oil. Thus, this research aims to study the effect of cardamom essential oil addition to the frying oil to enhance its oxidative stability during repeated frying process. This study begins with the characterization of antioxidant activity of cardamom oil including total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and free radical scavenging ability (IC50). The research was continued by heating soybean frying oil to which various concentration antioxidants have been added, such as 5%, 10%, and 15% for 1 and 3 cycles frying process and the quality of frying oil at before and after processing was analyzed, which includes acid number and peroxide value. The results showed that the total content of phenolic compound levels in cardamom oil was 56.32 ± 2.04 mg GAE/gram; total flavonoids were 40.10 ± 11.66 mg QE/gram; and the IC50 value was 501.37 ppm. The addition of cardamom oil as a natural antioxidant with concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15% can significantly increase the oxidative stability of soybean oil. The highest increase in the oxidative stability of soybean oil was obtained from the addition of cardamom essential oil at a concentration of 15%.

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a disease caused by the inflammatory process of the vulva and vaginal mucosa caused by Candida sp., mainly Candida albicans. This study aimed to analyze the molecular interaction between the volatile oil in cardamom and Sap 5 as an inhibitor of Candida albicans causing VVC through In silico molecular interaction analysis. The methods used are analysis of homology, structural quality, and essential areas, receptor and ligand preparation, gridbox validation, virtual screening, Lipinski prediction and toxicity, and ligand-receptor interaction visualization analysis. The results showed that essential oils have the potential to inhibit Sap 5 through molecular bonding and produce interactions in the form of hydrogen bonds, electrostatic bonds, and hydrophobic interactions. The best test ligands were geranyl acetate (-6.78 kcal/mol), alpha-terpinyl acetate (-6.07 kcal/mol), 1,8-sineol (-5.47 kcal/mol), and linalool (- 5.06 kcal/mol). The test ligands have contact with catalytic residues on Asp32/Asp218. In addition, the properties of these ligands also meet the Lipinski and toxicity rules, so they can be predicted to be safe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardamom is a leading export commodity. The demand for cardamom continues to increase from year to year, where the increase in cardamom production is inseparable from the role of farmers as the main actors in supporting cardamom productivity. This study aims to analyze the characteristics and socio-economic motivations of cardamom farmers in Pekuncen and Kedungbanteng Districts, Banyumas Regency, Central Java. This research was conducted using descriptive analysis method using a Likert scale. Determining the number of respondents was carried out using stratified random sampling technique,where in this study the number of respondents was 97 farmers. The results of this study are that the majority of cardamom farmers are male and are of productive age. Cardamom farmers have the last education in elementary school (SD) and are in the low education category. Cardamom farmers have only started cultivating cardamom in less than 5 years. The average cardamom farmer has a family of 3-5 people. The socio-economic motivations that encourage farmers to cultivate cardamom are divided into three, namely economic, psychological and sociological motivations. Cardamom farmers in Pekuncen and Kedungbanteng Districts are driven by economic motivation which is in the moderate category. The majority of cardamom farmers are in the low category for fulfilling psychological motivation in cultivating cardamom. Cardamom farmers are driven by sociological motivation which is in the high category.

Microencapsulation of green cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum) essential oils and its application is considered an innovative technique to improve the functional properties of coffee drinks. This study aims to determine the best formulations (M) of combination of maltodextrin and cardamom essential oil, parameters such as microcapsule yields, water content, and solubility were measured. To find out whether the microcapsule was applicable for coffee drink, antioxidant activity and taste and aroma of coffee drink mixed with the best formulation were analyzed. Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD) with four replications was used; the data were analyzed by ANOVA and further tested by the LSD test with a level of 5%. The results showed that formulations significantly affected the yields and solubility of cardamom essential oil microcapsules. The best formulation treatment was formulation M3 with a yield score,water content and solubility of 89.03%, 11.85%, and 93.50%, respectively. Antioxidant activity, aroma and taste scores of ground coffee mixed with M3 were 77.61±0.23%, 4.31 (typical of cardamom, little coffee), and 4.88 (typical of cardamom, little coffee), respectively. While ground coffee only has antioxidant activity of 76.32±0.31%. In conclusion, ground coffee mixed with microencapsulated cardamom essential oil has the potential as a herbal coffee drink.

The non-edible oil from nyamplung seed (Callophyllum inophylum L.) has been widely used as a soap ingredient. The soap production from nyamplung seed oil with the addition of antioxidant and fragrance had been carried out in this research. Ketapang (Terminalia catappa L) fruit extract and Cardamom (Amomum compactum) were used as antioxidant and fragrance substances, respectively. The variation of concentration of antioxidant and fragrance has been carried out to obtain the high quality of soap. Characterization was done to know the quality of soap in accordance with SNI 06-4085-1996. The antioxidant activity was analyzed using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl). The results showed that the addition of 1% ketapang fruit extract and 3% cardamom fragrance exhibited the best characteristics. The antioxidant activity test showed that the IC50 value of the best antioxidant soap is 79.51 ppm, indicating that the soap is a strong category

Agroforestry may contribute to short and long term income for farmers. Agroforestry of caddam-cardamom is widely in practiced Pakenjeng, Garut, West Java. This study aims to analyze the optimal management of caddam-cardamom agroforest using bio-economic modeling as a modification of Faustmann model. The results of this study shows that: 1) optimal rotation of agroforestry caddamcardamom following the biological rotation of caddam stand is 5 years; 2) the Hartman optimal rotation of agroforestry caddam-cardamom is 10 years and 3) sensitivity analysis shows: a) the increment in caddam wood price will shorten Hartman rotation; b) the increment in cardamom price will lengthen Hartman rotation and c) the increment in interest rate will shorten Hartman rotation.

Herbal coffee is one of the coffee diversification products that has been well recognized in the market. Addition of herbs or spices in coffee, not only offer an enhanced flavor characteristic, but more importantly also offer the consumer to gain a health benefit. Cardamom (Amonum cardomum) is commonly recognized as a herb and a food spice to add flavor to dishes. This research was aimed to develop a herbal coffee containing the extract of cardamom and to study the characteristics of herbal coffee obtained physicochemically and by sensory analysis. Crystallized coffee and sugar mixture was blended with cardamom extracts 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% to obtain ready to drink cardamom herbal coffee. The mixtures and control (without addition of cardamom) were then subjected for consumer perception by testing it to 30 panelists based on hedonic sensory test. The three mixtures that were choosen were then analysed for its physicochemical characteristics such as its powder and brewing appearrance, insoluble solids, reducing sugar and caffein concentration. The result showed that the addition of 10%, 20%, and 30% cardamom extract had good preferences to consumer, which 10% of addition resulted the highest preferences. The hedonic sensorytest resulted the preferences of the afore mentioned herbal coffee on color, aroma, taste and flavor was 3.37; 3.14; 3.30; 3.27; and 3.37 (on scale 1 to 5), respectively, representing moderately like to like preferences.The physicochemical analysis showed that the mixture contained 0.17% of insoluble solid, 0.13% of reducing sugar and 0.45% caffeine which comply the Indonesia standard of SNI 4446:1998. This result showed that the cardamom herbal coffee is potential to be developed as one of coffee diversification products.