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Bias may occur on attenuation coefficient ratio estimated from water column correction method. This bias then contribute to thematic accuracy of bottom substrate images. This study used geomorphologic spatial zonation to improve thematic accuracy of bottom substrate maps that produced from water column correction method. Quickbird pixel values were converted to the top of atmosphere radiance and followed by water column correction to make bottom substrate map with three themes ecosystem i.e. sandy ecosystem, seagrass ecosystem and coral reef ecosystem. Field data were grouped using Bray Curtis method and become basis of image reclassification. Geomorphological profile was extracted from green and red composite images, refer to a bathymetric survey. These combined approaches were significantly proved to improve thematic accuracy up to more than 20%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study offers a thorough empirical analysis of Botswana's current financial inclusion situation, aiming to measure and evaluate the direct impact of mobile money and digital financial services offered by mobile network operators (MNOs) and commercial banks on the financial behaviour, access to financial services, and overall financial inclusion status of the unbanked population in Botswana. These study objectives are expected to have possible implications for other developing nations or economies. Design/methodology/approach: The study adopted a pragmatic philosophy, combining positivist (qualitative) and interpretivist (qualitative) philosophies, and a mixed-methods approach to explore the experiences of the unbanked population in Gaborone, Botswana. Findings: Mobile money and digital financial services have significantly impacted the financial behaviour of the unbanked population in Botswana, providing an accessible and affordable financial platform. Additionally, there are still areas that require further research and intervention to ensure that these gains are sustainable and inclusive. This study contributes to academic knowledge in business studies and financial technologies, providing practical guidance to MNOs, regulators, banks, and policymakers, and offering marketing insights. Paper type: Research paper.

This study was aimed to analyze and map the presence and percent cover of macroalgae in Bone Malalaya to determine the condition before and after the construction of the new port, as well as to analyze the distribution of suspended solids loads and environmental parameters and their relationship to changes in macroalgae cover in Bone Malalaya. The image used in this research is sentinel imagery 2A level 2A with the acquisition date of 28 October 2015, 14 July 2018 and 10 December 2020 which was processed using geographic information software to obtain a map of algae cover in Bone Malalaya. Sampling of water and physical parameters at the research location was carried out at 8 sampling stations, while algae sampling stations were carried out at 3 stations and 9 substations. There were no seagrass found in the research location, but algae species of Sargassum sp. With cover changes based on the calculation of image pixels, namely 36.49 Ha in 2015, 26.45 Ha in 2018 and 35.73 Ha in 2020. The highest Total Suspended Solid value at the study site was at station 8 with a value of 33.1 mg/L and the lowest value was at station 1 with a value of 16.3 mg/L. Seagrasses were not found at the research site due to unsupported physical parameters and port activities that interfere with seagrass life. The presence of macroalgae Sargassum sp at the research site is assumed because Sargassum sp has a high tolerance for physical parameters that exceed the quality standards set by the Ministry of Environment in 2004.

This community service aims to increase the knowledge and competence of high school teachers in one of the 3T areas in compiling classroom action research (CAR) reports. This service method used training with stages, namely assistance in making proposals, choosing the right model in implementing classroom action research and designing learning activities and tools. These service partners were junior and senior high school teachers in Nangapanda Ende District, NTT. The instrument for evaluating this activity used a pretest, and the posttest was analyzed descriptively. This service showed that the teachers' insight increased in preparing class action research reports, and they better understood the stages in the CAR implementation process. These namely teachers were able to understand knowledge about CAR from the four indicators that were the focus of this training, including the steps for implementing CAR, the systematics of writing/composing CAR, success indicators, data analysis, and CAR implementation instruments. Implementing this training activity provides a good understanding of teachers' understanding and professional competence regarding the importance of carrying out CAR.

Purpose: This review paper was done to understand the major constraints to Micro Small and Medium Enterprises’ (MSMEs) recovery in Malawi following the impact of COVID-19, discuss implications, and propose policy recommendations. Design/methodology/approach: A systematic review of literature, both grey and from peer reviewed journals was used to identify the major constraints exerted on MSMEs following the onset of COVID-19. Findings: The major constraints to MSMEs’ recovery include disruptions in supply chain, demand for increased use of technology and innovation, lack of access to capital on information on opportunities/ emerging markets, increased health and safety requirements. Research limitations/implications: The unavailability of data on MSMEs’ contribution to the growth and scholarly publication on pre- and post-recovery in Malawi. Practical implications: This study proposes review of fiscal and monetary policies to align with MSMEs growth needs. Originality/value: This is a review paper. Paper type: A literature review.

Artikel ini membahas tentang kesiapan mahasiswa dalam implementasi MBKM. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pemahaman Mahasiswa Program Studi Sastra Inggris Universitas Flores tentang Mereka Belajar- Kampus Merdeka. Penelitian dilakukan dengan melakukan survei kepada 112 Mahasiswa. Mahasiswa mengisi kuesioner melalui aplikasi SPADA Dikti, kemudian data dideskripsikan dengan metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemahaman mahasiswa tentang MBKM belum merata, hal ini disebabkan sosialisasi dari program studi dan fakultas belum dilakukan secara baik. Mahasiswa mendapat pengetahuan tentang MBKM melalui media sosial. Kegiatan di luar program studi yang paling banyak diminati oleh mahasiswa adalah kegiatan kewirausahaan sebesar 46.70% dan kesiapan mahasiswa untuk ikut dalam kegiatan MBKM sebesar 66.10% dan kuatir akan mengeluarkan biaya sebesar 58%. Hasil suvei menunjukkan bahwa MBKM bermanfaat meningkatkan soft skill. 58.8% mahasiswa tertarik mempelajari panduan MBKM dan kurikulum yang memfasilitasi MBKM dan akan merekomendasikan MBKM kepada mahasiswa lain dan koleganya dalam kategori sedang. Sosialisasi perlu dilakukan kepada mahasiswa secara berjenjang agar pemahaman MBKM dapat secara utuh dipahami, sehingga akan berdampak pada peningkatan kualitas/kompetensi diri.

Kebijakan Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kompetensi lulusan, baik soft skills maupun hard skills, agar lebih siap dan relevan dengan kebutuhan zaman, menyiapkan lulusan sebagai pemimpin masa depan bangsa yang unggul dan berkepribadian. Artikel ini membahas tentang sebuah penelitian yang bertujuan mengetahui pemahaman dan kesiapan mahasiswa program studi Akuntansi Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Flores tentang Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM). Penelitian ini mengacu kepada deskriptif kuantitatif. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey yaitu mahasiswa mengisi kuesioner di SPDA Dikti . Hasil analisis penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa; 53% mahasiswa mengetahui sedikit tentang MBKM, 24.69% mahasiswa mengetahui kebijakan MBKM dari media sosial, 49,08% mahasiswa memilih kegiatan magang/praktek kerja, 46.42% program studi akuntansi sudah memiliki dokumen kurikulum, pedoman dan operasional MBKM, 77.91% mahasiswa sudah siap mengikuti program MBKM, 52.35% mahasiswa khawatir mengeluarkan biaya, 74% mahasiswa prodi akuntansi tertarik dengan program MBKM. Lebih jelasnya, mahasiswa program studi Akuntansi masih sedikit memahami tentang Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) dan kesiapan mahasiswa program studi akuntansi sudah siap untuk mengikuti program kegiatan Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka (MBKM).

This article discusses the form of sexual abnormality from the short stories collection Lelaki Kantong Sperma by Putu Juli Sastrawan. This collection of short stories contains nine short stories, of which six short stories contain elements of sexual abnormalities. The focus of this research is on two things, namely to reveal the structure and the form of sexual abnormalities in the short stories collection of Lelaki Kantong Sperma. The analysis technique used in this research is purposive sampling technique. The method used to collect data is the literature study method. Description method is used to analyze data. The analysis of the six short story titles used structural theory from Burhan Nurgiyantoro's formulation and the theory of sexual abnormalities from Kartini Kartono. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that the structure was formed of three elements, namely, groove, characterization, and background. Furthermore, the form of sexual abnormalities is clearly depicted, one of which is the character Setia in the short story “Menggiring Belia” who is sexually attracted to minors. Through this, it was revealed that the character Setia had a form of pedophile sexual abnormality.

The United States (US) had bad history of racial conflict between whites and blacks people for about three centuries.That happened to a black man named George Flyod in the US has very high attention for the US community and even people of around the world. This is because black people are often becomes victims of discriminatory acts by white people. White American society is difficult to assimilate black people, because the process enter of black people to the US was only as slave labor, so that the mindset of black people as second-class citizens was formed which became an attitude in social stratification in the US. This study aims to analyze the phenomenon of racial discrimination and human rights and the settlement of legal cases that occur in the US. Based on literature review and material analysis from various scientific sources, it can be concluded that the US Government as a state administrator is also still implementing discriminatory policies, even the US, which we know as the originator and main pioneer of human rights in the world, has not ratified several legal policies related to the elimination of discrimination. Racism, racial discrimination and intolerance are serious threats to the social progress of the global community. Amerika Serikat memiliki sejarah kelam mengenai konflik rasial antara orang kulit putih dan orang kulit hitam selama kurang lebih tiga abad lamanya. Kasus yang terjadi terhadap orang kulit hitam bernama George Flyod di Amerika Serikat memiliki atensi yang sangat tinggi untuk masyarakat Amerika Serikat bahkan dunia. Hal tersebut dikarenakan orang kulit hitam sering kali menjadi korban tindakan diskriminatif orang kulit putih. Masyarakat kulit putih Amerika Serikat sulit untuk mengasimilasi orang kulit hitam, dikarenakan awal kedatangan orang kulit hitam ke Amerika Serikat hanya sebagai budak pekerja, sehingga terbentuk pola pikir mengenai orang kulit hitam sebagai warga negara kelas dua yang menjadi sebuah sikap dalam stratifikasi sosial di Amerika Serikat. Penelitian ini ingin menganalisis mengenai fenomena diskriminasi ras dan Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM) serta penyelesaian kasus hukum yang terjadi di Amerika Serikat. Berdasarkan kajian literatur dan analisis materi dari berbagai sumber ilmiah dapat disimpulkan bahwa Pemerintah Amerika Serikat sebagai penyelenggara negara juga ternyata masih menerapkan kebijakan diskriminatif, bahkan Amerika Serikat yang kita kenal sebagai pencetus dan pelopor HAM di dunia belum meratifikasi beberapa kebijakan hukum terkait penghapusan diskriminasi. Rasisme, diskriminasi ras, dan intoleransi merupakan ancaman serius terhadap kemajuan sosial masyarakat global.

Introduction: Recently, oral chemotherapy has become a popular treatment modality in the treatment of cancer. However, cancer patients and their family members show to have limited knowledge on the use of oral chemotherapy safely. Objectives: The objective of the study was to explore the life experiences of breast cancer patients undergoing oral chemotherapy. Methods: A purposeful sample strategy of 3 survivors was used to gather data using semi-structured interviews. Collaizzi’s method was selected for data analysis. Results: Six major themes emerged that described the life of experiences of the patients including knowledge of oral chemotherapy, the participant’s feelings, side effects of oral chemotherapy, coping mechanisms, support system, and expectation to nurse. Participants noted that they received less information regarding their treatment, which limited them to providing appropriate care for themselves. Conclusions: It is important for nurses to give more attention and tailored education regarding oral chemotherapy, which will improve their knowledge and increase their adherence to chemotherapy.

Abstrak Komunitas sastra merupakan salah satu ujung tombak bagi tumbuh dan berkembangnya kesusastraan di suatu wilayah, termasuk Bali. Di dalam komunitas sastra tersebut dilakukan berbagai aktivitas, seperti diskusi sastra (baik cerpen, novel, puisi, maupun drama), peluncuran buku sastra, pembacaan puisi, musikalisasi puisi, pertunjukan teater, dan berbagai lomba. Komunitas sastra berperan menjaga iklim yang sehat dan kondusif bagi terciptanya kreativitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperlihatkan pentingnya kehadiran komunitas sastra yang marak bermunculan di berbagai daerah di Bali. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut digunakan metode deskriptif-analitik. Dalam pengumpulan data digunakan teknik kuesioner dan teknik wawancara. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, diperoleh sejumlah informasi mengenai berbagai aspek terkait komunitas sastra, seperti karakteristik pendukung komunitas sastra dan aktivitas yang mereka lakukan. Kata kunci: komunitas sastra, karakteristik, kreativitas Abstract The existence of a literary community marks the growth and development of Indonesian literature in a region, such as Bali. In the literary community, various activities are carried out, such as book discussions (novels, poetry, and drama), publishing literary books, poetry reading, poetry musicals, theater performances, as well as various competitions. The literary community plays a role in maintaining a healthy and conducive climate for the creation of creativity. This research aims to show the importance of the presence of a literary community that is rife in various regions of Bali. To achieve these objectives, descriptive-analytic methods were used with interview techniques and questionnaire. Based on this research, obtained a number of information about various aspects related to the literary community and the activities they did. Keywords: literary community, characteristic, creativity

Salah satu kelemahan metode koreksi kolom air adalah dapat memunculkan bias dalam estimasi rasio koefisien atenuasi. Bias ini berkontribusi pada nilai akurasi tematik peta substrat dasar. Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan zonasi geomorfologi untuk meningkatkan akurasi tematik peta substrat yang dihasilkan dari metode koreksi kolom air. Nilai piksel citra Quickbird dikonversi ke radiansi dan dilanjutkan dengan koreksi kolom air untuk menghasilkan peta substrat dasar dengan tiga tema: substrat dominan pasir, lamun dan karang. Data lapangan dikelompokkan menggunakan metode Bray curtis dan menjadi dasar bagi reklasifikasi. Profil geomorfologi dicitra disadap dari gabungan kanal hijau dan merah, mengacu pada hasil survei batimetri. Akurasi tematik metode kombinasi ini dapat mencapai lebih dari 80%.

Coral reefs and seagrass are natural fortress for small islands from waves and ocean currents. The spatial distribution of these benthic substrate should be known and monitored regularly. This study aims were to map existing benthic substrates on the reef flat of Bontosua Island, determine the spatial composition and develop index ratio. Benthic substrates were surveyed using geotagging technique. Their distribution were estimate using Quickbird image that was rectified and classified using ISOcluster method and validate by 240 selected photos. The seagrass were surveyed at 8 stasions to record percent cover and species composition. Depth profiles were track along 10 reef flat line segment. Bontosua Island has an elongated shape from South to Northwest. This study had produced a benthic substrate distribution map with thematic accuracy 76%. Total area able to map were 54.2 hectares. About 43% benthic substrates at Bontosua were mixture of coral rubble, seagrass and algae, 20% was mixture of rubble and algae, 16% dominated by seagrass, 13% mixture of sand and seagrass and 8% substrate were dominated by live coral. There were eight seagrass species found with average percent cover 37.2 ± 12.5 percent. The spatial ratio of live coral, seagrass and mixed substrate for West side reef flat was 2:20:49 and 1:9:9 for East side. This indicate that the distribution of benthic substrates on the West side is much wider than on the East side. This approach potentially applied to study the relationship between benthic substrate composition and the deformation of small islands.

The high level of human activity in coastal areas has had an impact on seagrass beds. The advancement of satellite imaging technology makes monitoring seaweed conditions even easier. The purpose of this study was to identify the spectral reflectance patterns of different seagrass cover levels and make it the basis for mapping the seagrass condition on Barranglompo Island. Based on google earth has been determined 4 sampling stations that represent the spread of seagrass on Barranglompo Island. Each station is divided into 4 sub-stations from land to sea. Sampling of seagrass cover was carried out by the McKenzie (2003) method modified by close sampling, to 30 x 30 square meters following the spatial resolution of Landsat image 8. Each observation point was estimated the percentage of seagrass cover and the dominant species. Digital seagrass pixel extraction is performed from band 1 to 7 landsat 8 according to point position in the field and then grouped by cover class and condition. Seagrasses found in Barranglampo Island are 8 species: Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Halophila ovalis, Cymodocea rotundata, Cymodocea serulata, Halodule uninervis, Halodule pinifolia and Syringodium isoetifolium. In general, Enhalus acoroides and Thalassia hemprichii have higher closure than other seagrass species. The spectral reflection of seagrass landscape imagery 8 OLI channel 1 - 7 is good enough to show the seagrass condition in bad category, good enough, and good. Spectral reflection of the seagrass has a peak on the green channel. The worse the seagrass condition the higher the spectral reflection. Seagrass with bad conditions has a low cover so that other substrates such as sand will contribute to the spectral value recorded by satellite sensors. This result will facilitate mapping of seagrass condition on small islands by using Landsat 8 OLI image. Keywords: seagrass condition, spectral reflection, landsat 8, South Sulawesi