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The coal mining industry is an industrial activity that impacts the environment. This activity will generate acid mine drainage due to the interaction of water, air and sulfide minerals. Acid mine drainage is wastewater with low pH and heavy metals content. These conditions will be given some negatives impact on the environment and human health. The low-cost, applicable and simple method to solve acid mine drainage in mining areas is constructed wetlands. Hence, this paper aims to describe the potential of wetlands as a low-cost and applicable method for acid mine drainage treatment. This paper also describes the holistic information about an overview of constructed wetlands, acid mine drainage (AMD) production and their negative impacts, recent trends in constructed wetlands, recommendation components of wetlands, potential application in rural areas and future considerations

Acid mine drainage (AMD) at Bukit Besi is often accompanied by high concentrations of various heavy metal such as iron, lead, copper, zink, cadmium, manganese, nikel, and arsenic. The samples were collected from active mining site at Cheng Yu, Bukit Besi. The physical and chemical tests used are ion chromatography (IC) and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) test, toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP), and clay mineralogy using XRF (X-ray fluorescence) and XRD (X-ray diffraction) techniques. Static test which is acid-base counting are used to predict the potential of AMD. The water analysis showed a very acidic water with pH < 3.5 with high concentration of heavy metals like Fe (822.03 mg/L) and sulfate (4455.87 mg/L). Acid-bases rock calculation shows highly significant results which have high potential of acid production (9.5 to 155.0 kg CaCO3/ton). The results from physical and chemical analysis show Bukit Besi area is potentially exposed to formation of acid mine drainage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acid mine drainage has been reported to cause various environmental and human health problems. Acid mine drainage is formed due to the oxidation of sulfide minerals to water and air. This paper reports the efforts that have been made in the management and treatment of acid mine drainage. Thirty papers from reputable publishers are used as references. Efforts to prevent the formation of acid mine drainage can be made by making proper drainage and dewatering systems, making non-acid formations for rocks that have the potential to be oxidized. Active and passive treatment methods can be used to treat acid mine drainage. The active treatment method uses materials and chemicals to reduce pollutant parameters, while the passive method utilizes natural processes to reduce pollutant parameters in acid mine drainage. The combination of active and passive methods using novel materials that have been researched is recommended to produce the best system that can thoroughly remove pollutants in acid mine drainage.

Acid mine drainage (AMD) contains very toxic heavy metal with strong acidity. The high concentration of heavy metals in AMD have the potential as a major contamination sources that affect human life, aquatic and other natural resources. In this study, the removal of heavy metals was carried out by using low-cost industrial waste material which is fly ash. The adsorption capacity of fly ash was determined by two methods which are batch adsorption and tank remediation test. The effects of quantity of dosage, pH and heavy metal concentration were investigated. Fly ash consist of carbonate minerals (>50%) with high potential as adsorbent material to treat acid mine. The maximum adsorption rate for fly ash occurred at pH 5 for Pb, pH 7 for Zn and pH 3 for Cu. Adsorption capacity also increased with increasing dose. Fly ash as high alkaline material remediated and neutralized AMD solution from acidic phase (pH 2.11) to neutral phase (pH 7.09). Increasing pH value during treatment process will increase the capacity of the removal of heavy metals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coal mining activities could potentially interfere with the environment. One of the environmental disturbances in coal mining activities is the formation of acid mine drainage (AMD). AMD management can be done passively through the construction of swamp forest. The constructed swamp forest system uses organic material in the form of cow manure which serves as a growing plants' medium. Phytoremediation is an attempt to usev plant species in the accumulation of heavy metals. This study was aimed to know the AMD management system passively and identify the diversity of plants in artificial swamp forests. Purposive sampling method with a sample size of 2 x 2m in 10 plots/compartments was used to identify the plant diversity in constructed swamp forest. The observation was made both before and after AMD flowed. Constructed swamp forest consist of 6 compartments (2 sediment pond compartments and 4 swamp compartments). The results of the vegetation analysis found that before the AMD flowed, 21 species are still capable growing naturally in constructed swamp forest, however, it became 15 after the AMD flowed. Cyperus iria, Fimbristylis griffithii, Scirpus juncoides, Ludwigia hyssopifolia, Cyperus platystylis and Monochoria vaginalis are six dominant species that can be used as phytoremediation agent in constructed swamp forest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]