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Jelen tanulmány Szerbia regionális fejlődése egyes sajátosságainak közigazgatási (adminisztratív és statisztikai), valamint funkcionális szempontú jellemzői alapján történő bemutatására törekszik. Szerbia területi szerkezetében észlelt fejlődési egyenlőtlenségek, illetve a regionális fejlettség aránytalanságai tükrözik a népességszerkezetben jelentkező egyensúly-hiányt, az anyagi korlátozások és a strukturális összehangoltság hiányát, amelyek már évek óta halmozódnak, s amit a politikai-gazdasági történések az 1990-es évek során még jobban fokoztak. A tanulmány a fejletlen területek alapvető problémáira utal, azon kritériumokra, amelyek alapján a községek a régión belül definiálhatók és tipizálhatók, valamint vázolja Szerbia regionális térszerkezetének változatait.

Half of the legislative committee in Pécs consisted of 'virile' members (the largest tax payers), and the other half was comprised of elected members. The last general local elections were held in 1914, and the mandates of the members were extended due to the war. During the Serbian occupation between 1918 and 1921, a local election was held in 1920, which was not recognized by the returning Hungarian administration. In the fall of 1921, only 84 people from the 114-member legislative committee of 1918 were active. In 1921, the Social Democrats unsuccessfully initiated the completion of the legislative committee through by-elections. The mayor called in the alternate members of 1918 to the vacant virile committee seats, and from 1925 the virile membership seats were renewed annually. However, no decision was taken on the by-elections until 1926, when László Visy and 17 other members initiated local by-elections following the example of Hódmezővásárhely, as 23 of the 57 elected committee members were already missing. The mayor and city council seemingly gave in to the general assembly, but in fact tried to avoid the elections as it was easier for him to govern the city with the incomplete local body. Using different practices, he managed to delay new elections until 1929. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the territorial features of Serbia's cross-border cooperation with neighboring EU countries. It refers to the various network types between municipalities/settlements within a single project programme and at the level of all other analysed border programmes in the EU border regions that are components of the European Territorial Cooperation. It also shows examples of prosperous crossborder networks (Serbia-Hungary, Serbia-Croatia, Serbia-Romania, Serbia- Bulgaria) of interested communities: what positions they have and what the weight of the border settlements is in the network of cooperation in a horizontal sense. Furthermore, it discusses differences of network types of cross-border cooperation of municipalities based on financial assistance from the EU, the IPA1 funds (2007-2013) in Serbia as a border region at the external border of the EU. The paper tries to define its spatial differentiation based on the number of applications and the amount of financial aid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The healing of vascular injuries goes hand in hand with the healing of scars, which means we can search for various methods from centuries ago. The different ages, with or without wars, showed and show a huge variety of injuries, up until this day. The healers have always tried their best to come up with the best possible methods taking care of the injured body parts, and help the patients survive. This article is aiming to show the main changes in vascular healing, in an enjoyable and colourful way. While focusing on the past few decades of quality development and having a look at Hungarian literature, the reader shall learn that Hungarian vascular surgery and traumatology is on a very high level and is keeping up with the international stage, as using modern techniques. The treatment of vascular injuries has been around for thousands of years. The Ebers Papyrus gave a professional guidance in the treatment of wounds. Hippocrates recommended compressing dressing. Later on, Ambroise Paré performed ligatures. War injuries serve with numerous experiences. In the begining of the 20th century, autolog veins are used more and more often. The amputation rate of DeBakey is 49%, of Hughes is 7-22%, and of Rich is 12.7%. Thanks to surgical technique, antibiotics and the use of transfusion, the rate of amputation has been decreasing. The wars of Iraq and Afganistan - between 2003 and 2011 - left the injured with more serious explosive and gunshot wounds than ever before. The challanges of nowadays are the injuries caused by accidents and violent acts. Also, endovascular interventions are widespread. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(28): 1112-1119.

The authors review the history and risk factors of thrombophlebitis of the lower limb, and describe the main points of surgical and conservative treatment of varicophlebitis. They present the case of a 71-year-old woman who had ascending varicophlebitis and bilateral pulmonary embolism. The authors draw attention to important points: patients must be followed after phlebitis of the lower limb, and their thrombotic factors must be examined to prevent the new thromboembolic events.

The authors present a case of a 78-year-old female patient who was initially examined at the cardiology department for consideration of pacemaker implantation. An upper GI endoscopy was performed due to anemia and melena and a large duodenal diverticulum was identified. Consequently, signs of acute abdomen developed and further examinations confirmed diverticular perforation. As an emergency surgical resection of the diverticulum was performed and the patients recovered uneventfully. In this case report the authors discuss the management of the above condition as well as literature review is performed.