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Currently, there is no widely accepted criterion for judging the efficacy of CRT treatment. Patients underwent CRT implantation have most often been classified as either responders or non-responders based on the occurrence or absence of reverse remodelling following CRT. Based on this definition, nearly one-third of patients are considered as non-responders with a less favourable prognosis compared to responders. Recent recommendations have revised the previous terminologies. Accordingly, the CRT non-responder definition have-been re-defined as those who deteriorate (progressors) and remain stable for years (non-progressor) after CRT implantation. Considering the progressive nature of HF, non-progression could still represent a response to the device therapy and thereby classifying these patients as non-responders might be misleading. The background of the suboptimal CRT response is multifactorial, requiring a multidisciplinary approach for improving the effectiveness of CRT treatment. Therefore, we care must be taken on the appropriate patient selection and optimisation of the medications prior to implantation, currently available technical options and innovations during the intervention, device optimisation post-implantation, as well as on the management of comorbidities.

Copyright of Belügyi Szemle (2010) is the property of Ministry of Interior of Hungary and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Arab world played an important role in the foreign relations of Hungary. During the era of Pan-Arab nationalism, up to the death of Nasser, the relations were very good. In the 19805 the trade relations provided Hungary with a considerable dollar income. After that Hungary got closer to Israel, and thus the Hungarian-Arab relations have deteriorated. The change of regime deeply affected the Arab countries, but both sides declared the importance of the preservation and improvement of the relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hungarian Medical Journal / Orvosi Hetilap is the property of Akademiai Kiado and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hungarian Medical Journal / Orvosi Hetilap is the property of Akademiai Kiado and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Military Engineer / Hadmérnök is the property of National University of Public Service and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Military Engineer / Hadmérnök is the property of National University of Public Service and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hungarian Medical Journal / Orvosi Hetilap is the property of Akademiai Kiado and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses trends in Polish fiction following political changes in Poland in 1989. The author discusses how the period of democratization in Poland led to a transition from romantic fiction and how the lifting of literary censorship resulted in confusion regarding literary subject matter. He comments on how the political resistance, which had previously been unified in goals, took divergent paths in literature. The prevalence of existentialism and rustic thematic material in Polish literature is discussed.

Introduction: De Quervain's tendinopathy affects the region of the wrist and the hand. Thumb motion becomes painful. This illness is caused by a degenerative process rather than inflammation. Primary treatment methods are splinting, taking non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs and different physical therapeutic modalities, administration of a steroid injection into the tendon sheath or surgical release of the tendon sheath may be performed. Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether conservative treatment complemented by eccentric training could provide an adequate alternative to the currently accepted treatment options. Method: The eccentric training lasted for 8 weeks (if necessary for 12 weeks). Following the introduction to exercises, patients (n = 9) repeated the training several times a day, which was controlled during weekly meetings. At the 1st, 8th and 12th meetings, inspection and the following measurements were performed: range of motion, muscle strength, evaluation and number of painful regions including the completion of patient questionnaires. Data were analysed with paired samples t-tests and repeated measures ANOVA. IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0 and Microsoft Office Excel Professional Plus 2016 programs were used. Results were regarded significant at level of p<0.05. Results: Significant improvements were found in the intensity of pain (Numeric Pain Rating Scale p = 0.005, n = 9) and in the functionality of the hand and wrist (Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire part 1. p<0.001, part 2. p<0.001, Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation questionnaire p<0.001; n = 9). Conclusion: With careful patient selection, conservative treatment complemented by eccentric training could be an alternative to current treatment options. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(11): 419-424.

Electronic cigarettes are becoming increasingly popular with smokers worldwide. This has created an entirely new public health dilemma. The central issue in the debate is the disease risk imposed by e-cigarettes. It is generally acknowledged that e-cigarettes are unlikely to be as harmful as conventional cigarettes, but there are little data that quantify their relative harms. Experiments in cell cultures and animal studies show that e-cigarettes can have multiple negative effects. Scientific evidence regarding their human acute health effects is limited. The long term effects in humans are unknown, and there is no evidence that e-cigarettes are safer than tobacco in the long term. This review higlights the recent data regarding e-cigarettes toxicity impact on lung and cardiovascular system. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(45): 1767-1773.

Introduction: Several indications of cecal wedge resection can be found in the literature, but the most common ones are acute appendicitis, appendiceal mucocele and selected cecal polyps., Purpose: We summarize the indications, review the results of laparoscopic cecal wedge resections carried out in our department from 01.01.2010 till 31.12.2016. A case report is presented when cecal resection was carried out for a cecal polyp., Patients: Between 01.01.2010 and 31.12.2016, 56 patients underwent a laparoscopic cecal wedge resection. The mean age was 42 years (14-83), 28 males and 28 females. In 46 cases, the indication was complicated acute appendicitis, in 6 cases appendiceal mucocele, in the case of four patients endoscopically unresectable benign cecal polyps., Results: The average operating time was 65 minutes. For the procedure we used two 10 mm and one 5 mm port, the resection was performed by using 45 or 60 mm laparoscopic stapler. In 57.1% of the reviewed cases, abdominal drainage was applied. Conversion was necessary in the case of 3 patients (5.4%), once due to bleeding, twice due to technical problems. Surgical complications occured in 4 patients (7.1%), all of them from the complicated appendicitis group: one of grade I by Clavien-Dindo, 3 of grade III. The reoperation rate was 5.4% (3 patients): reoperation was accounted for an abdominal wall phlegmon, a pericecal abscess, and once the suspicion of abdominal abscess which was not verified. Perioperative death did not occur.

It is increasingly recognized that the bronchial asthma is a heterogeneous entity, encompassing a variety of different phenotypes. The identification of specific phenotypes is the key to develop more effective personalised treatment. The earliest attempt to phenotype asthma was proposed classifying into extrinsic and intrinsic subtypes. Clinical asthma is mainly divided into allergic (atopic) and non-allergic (non-atopic) asthma. Other phenotypes are based on trigger factors. Later the phenotyping based on the predominant cellular nature of inflammation: It can be divided into eosinophilic and non-eosinohilic. The non-eosinophilic asthma may be neutrophilic, combined, and paucigranulocytic. The discovery of Ig E represented a major breakthrough in asthma research. Ig E is an immunglobulin that plays a central role in pathomechanisms. Later identify with novel immune phenotypes: T-helper-2 high and T-helper-2 low subtypes. Neutrophilic asthma is mostly dependent of T-helper-17 cell induced mechanisms. The cluster analysis have been used increasingly to identify phenotypes. New data have been identified molecular pathways. However phenotyping of asthma is complex because of the overlap of the various phenotypes. The limitations of the studies need future research. Biomarkers e.g. levels of eosinophils in blood and sputum, exhaled nitric oxide fraction, serum immunglobulin E, serum periostin identify different asthma phenotypes. Orv. Hetil., 2017, 158(13), 491-498.

Background and Purpose: Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder of poorly understood etiology, characterized by high heritability, multifactorial inheritance and high heterogeneity. Multilocus associaton methods may reduce the genetic heterogeneity and improve the probability of replication between analyses. The aims of our study were twofold: 1. To analyse genetic risk factors of schizophrenia by using multilocus genetic tests. 2. To assess the replication probability attributable to the various multilocus tests., Methods: Subjects - Discovery set: case-parent trios of unaffected parents and affected probands with a DSM-IV schizophrenia diagnosis (n=16); replication set: schizophrenia cases and unaffected controls (n=5337). Associations of single nucleotide and indel markers were transferred to gene- and geneset-based associations, furthermore to geneset-enrichment tests and functional annotation cluster analyses in a two-staged designs. Associations with p<0.1 from the discovery set were tested in the replication sample. Familywise p-value correction for multiple comparisons were performed during the replication step., Results: After correction for multiplicity, no significant association or enrichment were detected for gene-based nor canonical pathway analyses, but significant association of the 14q31 cytoband and enrichments of the 5q31 and Xq13 cytobands were found (p&#95;corr: 0.002, 0.006 and 0.048, respectively). Functional annotation clustering yielded statistically significant enrichment scores for clusters of splicing/alternative splicing, neurodevelopment and embryonic development. Improvements in replication probability were found with increased test complexity (P&#95;rep: 0, 0.015, 0.21)., Conclusion: Our results corroborate the involvement of neurodevelopment, synaptic plasticity and immune mechanisms in the etiology of schizophrenia. Also, our findings indicated improvement of replication probability by using multilocus genetic analyses.

The purpose of this review is to discuss the cardiovascular risk associated with inhaled anticholinergics in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Several meta-analyses of data for tiotropium raised the possibility of an increased risk for arrhythmia, angina, myocardial infarction, etc. This review includes the data of retrospective studies of databases using databases, randomized controlled trials, and meta-analyses of clinical trials. The conclusions of studies were inconsistent. In most clinical trials the incidence of cardiovascular adverse events was similar in active treatment and placebo groups, especially in patients with previous cardiovascular diseases. Considering meta-analyses, there is little, if any, evidence for the association between anticholinergics and the development of cardiovascular symptoms. The author discusses the presence and function of cholinergic receptor subtypes in human heart, and cardiac functions controlled by the autonomic nervous system via these receptors, their possible role, and pharmacokinetic properties of inhaled anticholinergics. The author concludes that it is not possible to find evidence of increased cardiovascular harm of inhaled anticholinergics.

Objective: Systemic autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are characterized by the alteration of immunological response, which can damage many organs and systems and result in a wide variety of clinical presentations. In addition to physical symptoms, psychiatric disorders are also common to many autoimmune diseases. Anxiety, depression, psychosis and cognitive deficits have the highest prevalence. The aim of this study was to display the degree of psychopathological symptoms in patients with RA and SLE., Methods: Female inpatients with RA (N=68) and SLE (N=78) were recruited from the Rheumatology and Immunology Clinic of the University of Pecs and were asked to complete the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) and a short demografical form. The clinical personality profiles of the patient groups were explored and compared with each other., Results: High scores (above 64T) were detected on the Hypochondriasis (Hs), Depression (D) and Hysteria (Hy) scales in both groups. Besides, the participants performed elevated scores on the Masculinity-Feminity (Mf), Psychasthenia (Pt) and Social Introversion (Si) clinical scales. They scored in the elevated range on the Physical Malfunctioning, Subjective Depression, Lassitude-Malaise and Somatic Complaints subscales of the neurotic triad. No significant difference was found on the ten clinical scales between the SLE and RA patients., Conclusion: Characteristics of MMPI-2 profiles in SLE and RA patients seem to be the consequence of the disease and a common feature of chronic conditions. High scores on the neurotic triad scales may reflect the comorbid psychiatric disorders and the somatic symptoms alike, so further investigations with the revised Hungarian MMPI-2 are needed.

The 1000 genomes project changed the way how we see the human genome. The rapid development of the deep sequencing technologies is raising several practical questions, and the way how we answer these questions will affect deeply the future of the oncological reseach in Hungary. In our manuscript we give a short overview of the results of the 1000 genomes project and we present the place of the functional genomic investigations between other genomic tools. Based on the recent development in the field we summarize the challenges that have to be addressed in the next couple of years.

The aim of the study was to implement accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) by means of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) following breast-conserving surgery (BCS) for early-stage breast cancer. Between December 2006 and February 2011, in 45 cases of low-risk, stage I-II breast cancer the tumour bed was marked with titanium clips during BCS. Postoperative APBI was given by means of 3D-CRT using 3 to 5 non-coplanar fields. The total dose of APBI was 36.9 Gy (9 x 4.1 Gy) using a twice-a-day fractionation over 5 consecutive days. Early and late radiation side effects and cosmetic results were analysed for the first 30 patients with a minimum follow-up of 1 year. At a mean follow-up of 25.2 months neither loco-regional nor distant failure was observed. Excellent, good, fair, and poor cosmetic outcome was detected in 10 (33.3%), 16 (53.4%), 4 (13.3%), and 0 (0%) patients, respectively. Grade 2 or worse acute side effect was not observed. Grade 1 fibrosis, grade 2 teleangiectasia and asymptomatic fat necrosis occurred in 4 (13.3%), 1 (3.3%) and 5 (16.7%) patients, respectively. No grade 3-4 late side effects were detected. 3D-CRT is a reproducible and feasible technique for the delivery of APBI following conservative surgery for the treatment of low-risk, early-stage invasive breast carcinoma. The preliminary results are promising, early- and mid-term radiation side effects are rare, and cosmetic results are excellent.

Delineating the pathogenesis of multifactorial diseases is a major challenge of the postgenomial era. Genetic factors are known to play an important role in the pathogenesis of certain psychiatric disorders as well as in the development of adverse reactions to psychoactive drugs. Containing large numbers of samples and linking them clinical data, biobanks are gaining importance in the studies of chronic multifactorial diseases. Several biobanks are under establishment in Hungary. The first initiative to collect samples in neurological and psychiatric disorders was the NEPSYBANK coordinated by the Hungarian Society of Clinical Neurogenetics. The national biobank network is currently established by the NEKIFUT project of the National Office of Research and Technology. In this article we describe the structure, logistics and informatical background of the national schizophrenia biobank (SCHIZOBANK). The initiative of the SCHIZOBANK originates from a consortium in which academy and health industry partners are collecting biological materials and data in five major psychiatric center under the coordination of the Medical and Health Science Center of the University of Debrecen. We review other international schizophrenia biobanks as well. Major strength of the SCHIZOBANK is the collection of very detailed phenotypic data and of RNA and plasma both in psychotic and non-psychotic state of the patient which permits longitudinal follow-up and the study of both static and dynamically changing transcriptomic, proteomic and metabolomic markers. The collection of the SCHIZOBANK is available not only to consortial partners but to other national and international research groups as well.

The study reviews the incidence, histologic types and prognostic factors of testicular cancer. The measurement of tumor-marker levels before castration determine the further activity regarding the data of imagings. The authors explain the treatment of seminoma and non-seminoma by stages. Carboplatin monotherapy is equivalent to the irradiation in early seminoma cases. Nowadays applied second and third line chemotherapies are reviewed. It is necessary to take into consideration not only the remission rate but also the late toxicity during the complex treatment of testicular germ cell cancer.

The rapid development of inorganic medical chemistry opens enormous potential for various applications of a range of inorganic substances in the medicine. Thus inorganic chemistry offers real possibilities to pharmaceutical industries, which used to be dominated by organic chemistry alone. The field has particularly been stimulated by the success-story of cisplatin, which is the World's best selling anticancer drug. Nowadays orally administered Pt(IV) complexes with reduced toxicity, and activity against resistant tumors are on various phases of clinical trial.

Metastatic spine tumors are representing a growing number of oncological patients. In this paper the authors would like to focus on a rare type of metastatic spine tumors, the unusually located ones. Since the advent of MRI and with the progress in general oncology this formerly rare tumors became more frequently recognized. Consequently these tumors are causing a new challenge for the oncologists, neurologists and neurosurgeons as well. The aim of the authors with this paper was to raise, especially the neurologists' attention to this emerging problem.

The "inorganic medical chemistry" is a rapidly developing field with enormous potential for applications, which offers new possibilities to the pharmaceutical industry. For example, the titanocene dichloride is already in clinical use, and antimetastatic activity of a range of Ru(III) complexes is also well established. There are ways to minimize the toxicity of Gd(III) complexes and therefore they can be safely injected as MRI contrast agents. The so called "ligand design" allows paramagnetic ions to be targeted to specific organs. Such designed ligands also enable the targeting of radiodiagnostic (99mTc) and radiotherapeutic (186Re) isotopes. There is a significant progress in understanding the coordination chemistry and biochemistry of metal ion(s) containing complexes such as Au antiarthritic and Bi antiulcer drugs. Further, currently developing areas include Mn (SOD mimics), V (insulin mimics), Ru (NO scavengers), Ln-based photosensitizers, metal-targeted organic agents and the Fe overload. The expanding knowledge of the role of metals in biochemistry is expected to provide scope for the design of new drugs in many other areas too, for example neuropharmaceutical and antiaffective agents. Progress in coordination chemistry is strongly dependent on understanding not only the thermodynamics of reactions, but also the kinetics of metal complexes under biologically relevant conditions.

This paper summarizes the chemical properties, analytical, biological and medical aspects of alkyl derivatives of lead used as anti-knocking agents in gasoline. The metabolism, clinical signs and symptoms are also shown. The possible treatments of patients will also be discussed in details.

Introduction: Beside the damages of the cardiovascular system the lesions of the the nervous system are the most common complications of aortic dissection. This is usually an early event, therefore the dissection of the aorta may manifest itself as an acute primary neurologic disease. The aim of this study is to describe the frequency and distribution of acute neurologic symptoms occurring in aortic dissection and the distribution of their clinico-pathologic features and to establish correlations between these and the acute in-hospital mortality as well as to discuss available diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities., Patients and Methods: The study was based of 95 cases of acute dissection of aorta (with additional three later events of redissection), observed in a longitudinal study over a period of 29.5 years, in a population of 106,000 (in Western Hungary)., Results: Of the 95 patients 20 (21%) died before admission. Neurological complications were observed in 30 of the 75 patients admitted to hospital (40%). Symptoms involving the central nervous system were found in 24 patients, affecting the spinal cord in two and the peripheral nervous system in four cases. The dissection of the aorta was diagnosed in vivo only in 22 out of the 75 patients who died in hospital (29%). 53 patients (71%) without correct diagnosis received supportive therapy only. The average survival time of the 21 patients with proximal dissection of aorta was 48.5 hours. The survival time of 23 patients with the same type of dissection involving the vessels of the aortic arch was 22.2 hours. This difference in survival time was significant (p = 0.0152). 20 of 23 patients (87%) in this group showed signs of neurologic damage confirming earlier experience that neurological complications can seriously worsen the otherwise already catastrophic prognosis of aortic dissection., Conclusions: The study brought compelling evidence for the need for early diagnosis and rapid transfer of patients to appropriate cardiac surgery centers for definitive diagnosis and therapy.