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The role of sympathetic activation in the genesis of life threatening ventricular arrhythmia is abundantly documented. The protective effect of sympathetic activation at the time of destabilizing ventricular tachycardia is less well known. Recently, muscle sympathetic nerve activity was recorded at our cardiac electrophysiology laboratory in a 62-year-old man who suffered from severe left ventricular failure. In order to elucidate the complex relationship between arrhythmias and autonomic nervous activity, his muscle sympathetic nerve activity recording depicting response to pulseless ventricular tachycardia is hereby presented.

Unlabelled: Sapporo-like viruses (SLVs) are members of the family Caliciviridae. The etiologic role of these viruses is evident but little is known about the incidence of acute gastroenteritis caused by them. Sapporo-like viruses have not been detected in Hungary before., Methods: Between October and December 2000, 72 sporadic diarrhoeal stool samples from Baranya County, Hungary, from infants and young children (under 12 years) with acute gastroenteritis were collected. Common enteric bacterial pathogens, adeno- and rotaviruses were not found in these stool samples. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction with specific primer pairs for human caliciviruses were used to detect Sapporo-like viruses., Results: The amplicons of expected size were cloned and subsequently sequenced. Seven (9.7%) of 72 stool samples were found to be positive for Sapporo-like viruses. Comparative sequence analysis confirmed that all strains belonged to the London/92/UK cluster., Conclusion: This is the first molecular detection and molecular sequence analysis of Sapporo-like viruses in Hungary.

Results of healing in 477 cases of open leg fractures treated in the Central Institut of Traumatology in Budapest are analysed in the article. 47,2% of cases were treated by closed methods. The authors are convinced that careful conservative management leads to good results, if the type of the fracture is suitable. Conditions of operative treatment are outlined. In favourable circumstances a stable internal fixation should be performed, otherwise inramedullary wiring and plaster may hold the fragments until healing occurs. Soft tissues should be handled carefully and placing sutures under tension must be avoided, by all means.