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Copyright of Belügyi Szemle / Academic Journal of Internal Affairs is the property of Ministry of Interior of Hungary and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tudomanyos es Muszaki Tajekoztatas is the property of BME OMIKK and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper we attempt to evaluate the results of the database building process executed within the framework of the project HAS-RCH "Lendület" Ten Generations. Instead of the regional approach used in our previous studies, this paper focuses on other dimensions of inequalities. Using data from the 18th-century conscriptions and censuses aggregated at settlement level, we seek to analyze the differences in the socio-economic-demographic behaviour of different ethnic and religious groups before the reform era, and to trace, which linguistic-religious groups were over- and under-represented among the most underdeveloped settlements. We also investigated how the development level of the basic cultural infrastructure or the quality of land related to other socio-economic indicators, and what socio-economic-demographic differences characterized settlements of different legal status/ population/hierarchical level in the 18th century. Finally, we examined if distance from the market left any imprint on socio-economic characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Területi Statisztika is the property of Hungarian Central Statistical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Területi Statisztika is the property of Hungarian Central Statistical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Belügyi Szemle / Academic Journal of Internal Affairs is the property of Ministry of Interior of Hungary and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Területi Statisztika is the property of Hungarian Central Statistical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Preparing for the BIBFRAME workshop in 2021 it is worth reviewing what happened at the 2020 event, at which 275 participants were present from 29 countries. Papers were read by representatives of the Library of Congress, Stanford University Libraries, OCLC, Casalini Libri (Italy), @Cult and Kungliga biblioteket (Sweden), University of Alberta Library Memorial University Libraries in Newfoundland and Labrador (Canada), and the National Széchényi Library, Budapest. This annual event provides a forum for institutions and professionals wishing the renew cataloguing, experimenting with the BIBFRAME format for exchange. Last year's event was organized online because of the pandemic. It provided a wide spectrum of implementations and a proof of the performance of this new communication format elaborated to replace MARC 21 by the Library of Congress. Papers and the round-table discussion informed about other solutions based on linked data. It was a general opinion at the conference that institutions should co-operate and exchange data more extensively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the content management system of the international project rurAllure and the related IT toolset. The three-year Horizon 2020-funded project aims to promote cultural cooperation and sustainable tourism in the area of European historical pilgrimage routes. The project includes the creation of a pilgrimage planning platform and a database of natural and cultural heritage sites along the routes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Safety & Security Sciences Review / Biztonságtudományi Szemle is the property of Obuda University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper traces the emergence and development of intellectual property from ancient times to the digital age of the 21st century. Manual replication has played an important role in the preservation of human knowledge and scientific achievements. Scriptors created legal copies of original works. Later, when Gutenberg invented the printing press, the concept of intellectual property started to take shape. The digital creation of original works made their reproduction, reuse and citation easier than ever before. Digital rights management (DRM) solutions aim at protecting new media, but their application can cause many difficulties in practice. Plagiarism can be defined simply as „using external sources without proper citation“. The availability of computer processing has made cheating both easier and harder to find. This paper reviews the recently used text matching and plagiarism search algorithms. The SZTAKI-KOPI plagiarism search engine, being developed in Hungary within a research programme, offers the opportunity to innovatively integrate results from sister projects like the SZTAKI-Szótár online dictionary and other smaller, linguistic pilot systems. Turnitin.com - which is also shortly presented - is one of the largest international plagiarism checkers with a huge comparison database providing statistics on originality and online grading. The study provides an overall insight into the technologies designed to protect digital materials meant for public disclosure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is the third part of the series on the Hungarian National Shared Catalogue published in Scientific and Technical Information. The Hungarian National Shared Catalogue - Early Prints project (MOKKA-R) was launched in 2005. The project aims to build the Hungarian catalogue of early prints originating from the Carpathian Basin, as well as set up a manuscript database. The paper explains why these two types of documents should be catalogued in separate databases and gives a detailed description of the main features of the BODZA database applications framework developed at the University of Szeged, offering both the searching and cataloguing interface of the database. MOKKA-R currently contains nearly 150,000 records. The paper presents the structure and content of the database and gives a summary of the activities and further plans of the MOKKA-R. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through the use of the esp@cenet patent database, the paper demonstrates that, in many cases, the use of classification systems is a condition to good quality searching. Efficient search tools relieve the user of the in-depth familiarizing with the classification system, yet they carry out the search with the appropriate classification symbols. In the esp@cenet database, classification symbols are provided automatically, in the result lists of natural language keyword searches. These symbols are then exported into the advanced search interlace with one click. Through the search examples, readers of the paper get acquainted with the tools of patent search, while they are also provided with further information on the European Patent Office's network of databases, the applied classification systems, as well as the services of the Patent Library of the Hungarian Patent Office. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of External Economic Bulletin / Külgazdaság is the property of KOPINT Konjunktura Kutatasi Alapitvany and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To meet the requirement of the universal availability of publications, having finished the retrospective conversion of catalogues in various libraries with national responsibilities and in county libraries, the time has come to continue this work in smaller special collections as well. The paper wishes to compare the work processes and results of two recent large projects. Each project applied an automatic solution for retrocon-version, but the approaches were completely different. One of the projects - in the Library of the Hungarian Museum for Military History - processed more than 20,000 catalogue cards, while the other one - at the Library of the Hungarian Dance Academy-covered 16,000 cards. The method of retrocon vers ion was completely different with the two projects. In the first case, each entry in the online catalogue originated in printed catalogue cards. In the other case the records were downloaded from a shared catalogue system after they had been retrieved using certain data elements detected in the scanned text of catalogue cards, and the entries were completed with local data. In the first case the segmentation of data and data groups was carried out after the migration of data strings, based on punctuation, as available from a database using the Huntéka ILS DBMS software. In the other case the scanning and text analysis of cards was done only to obtain some identifying units for the retrieval of bibliographic records. The database of cards having been scanned and segmented based on punctuation needed naturally more operative work in the second part of the project as compared to the database built of downloaded records, especially because of the big amount of non-identifiable authority records. The article gives an overview for both projects of the considerations which have led to using the methods chosen, indicates the problems that occurred during the project, presents the costs of both solutions, and finally, tries to conclude general lessons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bibliographical standards of authority data do not discuss the unauthorized (unestablished) name form as a separate entity. The unauthorized name form is treated as the function of the authority (established) form. Consequently, the unauthorized name forms by entering in the MARC authority format appear only in the simple 4XX ‟see from tracing fields„, but in the authority formats traditionally they do not have independent records (the unauthorized name form is not heading). Independent records of unauthorized name forms (the tracings), however, are not missed in the authority formats at all: they have two types: see reference having inverse relationship (traced reference) and see references without inverse relationship (untraced reference). Consequently in the authority formats the tracing and reference is not only independent record, but it has more specific function and meaning, as in the standards of authority data. During the application of thesauri it is unavoidable that in the bibliographical data bases nondescriptors (the subject unauthorized name forms) are specified as a heading of independent records not only as related name form in the 4XX ‟see from tracing fields„. Present paper discusses the reasons of this situation, and illustrates it with some examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The HUMAN US database (of essays and articles in the humanities) is responsible for registering articles in a nationally coordinated manner in certain subject fields (literary science, linguistics, history, military science, political science, library science, book history, philosophy, religion, theology, art, education, folklore, local history) in order to avoid parallel efforts. (The list of participating institutions is not yet complete, there are some fields waiting for a contributing library as a co-operating partner.) The database relies on the Bodza software framework which has been developed for the very purpose of processing parts of documents. Co-operation is implemented within the framework of a consortium, with the Humanities Bibliography Department of the National Szechenyi Library as the co-ordinator. The author outlined the advantages of co-operation between the National Széchényi Library and external bibliographical centres as the working method, and illustrated the levels of co-operation and processing with examples from the HUMANUS homepage (www.oszk.hu/humanus). The first step in co-operation is to co-ordinate journal processing, the next one is to plan the coordinated processing of collections of essays. The paper is illustrated by a step-by-step guide to the analytical processing of a multi-volume work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is related to the lecture of the author held at the meeting about the feasibility of the national bibliography of articles on 15 April 2003 in the NSZL. Since the review of the author, prepared on the basis of his contribution, has already been published in the May 2003 issue of Könyvtári Levelezö/lap, this paper focuses on two problems related to the Hungarian National Bibliography, Bibliography of Periodical Articles covering natural and social sciences according to its subtitle. Natural sciences do not have a database in Hungary. The article proves with tables that in most of the natural sciences the HNB BPA stopped the processing of professional journals in the middle of the 1990s, and somewhat later that of popular periodicals was also ceased, thus only some scattered items of literature are included, and the bibliographic control of technical journals depends on whether they are included in applied sciences' databases or not. Mathematics is covered best in the database of articles, but since international databases (MathSci, file 239 in DIALOG) cover English language journals published in Hungary much more currently and deeply, and make the material of several decades searchable, and since the Internet version of the database is also available in Hungary, processing should not necessarily be carried on in the article database. As opposed to natural sciences, some social science disciplines (e.g. law, education science, literature) do have separate databases in Hungary. This results in considerable duplications, as a matter of course. The author focused on literary science this time. Comparing the journals processed in the literary database of the Municipal Ervin Szabó Library and the sources of literary articles in the database of periodical articles three groups could be identified. There are many, mainly foreign language, journals that have been processed by the IKER database only, which do not need to be included in... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hungarian Statistical Review / Statisztikai Szemle is the property of Hungarian Central Statistical Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)