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Introduction: Ophthalmology is a broad branch of medicine, which includes an extensive range of sub-specialties on one hand, and interfaces with other fields of medicine on the other. This issue contains papers from different sub-specialties of ophthalmology, that together cover several of the most important issues in this field. These papers present the topics in a manner compatible with the wide readership of the journal, and touch upon the most current updates and innovations. The original articles in this issue deal with treatments for the prevention of myopia progression in children, treatment of complicated cases of retinal detachment in children, ocular manifestations of vascular abnormalities in patients with coronavirus, and a series of patients with corneal damage due to ultraviolet-C (UVC) lamps intended to clear the air of this virus. The review papers describe glaucoma and the current change in its treatment paradigm, which focuses on earlier intervention, ocular manifestations of systemic autoimmune diseases, and the possibilities for artificial corneal implantation. We hope that this special issue will be of interest and clinical value to its readers.

Introduction: Eyelid blepharoplasty, including lower eyelid blepharoplasty, are among the most common aesthetic surgeries recently performed. In contrast to upper eyelid blepharoplasty, lower eyelid blepharoplasty is a surgery with mostly an aesthetic indication, in which patients bear all associated costs, and their expectations rise accordingly. Nevertheless, the complexity of the anatomy, the differences in the aging processes of the face and eyelids between patients, the diversity of surgical methods, and the expectations gap make the surgery more challenging in comparison to upper eyelid blepharoplasty. A comprehensive understanding of the eyelid anatomy and the surrounding tissues, as well as matching expectations alongside with thorough preoperative evaluation, are all essential for providing a more personal adjustment of the surgical method and avoiding complications and mental distress for both patients and surgeons. This article briefly reviews the anatomy and aging processes of the lower eyelids, the main surgical approaches, and their common complications. Moreover, we present a framework for how such complications can be avoided.

Introduction: Intravitreal injections are the most common therapeutic procedures in ophthalmology. These injections allow intraocular delivery of drugs that are highly effective for the treatment of a variety of retinal diseases. The procedure is short and simple, has an excellent local and systemic safety profile, and enables restoration and preservation of visual acuity in a large number of patients. Intravitreal injections were introduced to the routine clinical practice of ophthalmology only a little over a decade ago, but have created a therapeutic revolution due to their high efficacy, and today are an integral part of the treatment of ocular diseases. This review will cover the development of intravitreal injection treatment, describe the injected drugs, the injection technique and its possible complications, and the commonly used treatment protocols.

A mucocele is a collection of mucus lined by mucus-secreting epithelium of a paranasal sinus. The anterior clinoid process may become pneumatized during the development of the skull base. Rarely, an anterior clinoid process mucocele may form in this air space. We report a patient with anterior clinoid process mucocele who presented with visual loss and limited motility in the affected eye, and underwent surgery to decompress the orbital apex and optic nerve. We also review the literature regarding this rare diagnosis.