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This document explains the importance of accurately identifying symptoms of various disorders in citrus trees, which can affect their health, vigor, and productivity. It emphasizes the challenges in distinguishing nutritional deficiencies or toxicities from other issues, such as herbicide or fungicide damage and physiological stress. Nutritional disorders, particularly those involving micronutrients like zinc, manganese, and iron, can manifest differently on different parts of the tree and may not always match descriptions in publications. The text advises seeking expert advice when symptoms are unclear to avoid costly and potentially harmful remedial actions. First published Oct. 2000.

This document explains the importance of accurately identifying symptoms of various disorders in citrus trees, which can affect their health, vigor, and productivity. It emphasizes the challenges in distinguishing nutritional deficiencies or toxicities from other issues, such as herbicide or fungicide damage and physiological stress. Nutritional disorders, particularly those involving micronutrients like zinc, manganese, and iron, can manifest differently on different parts of the tree and may not always match descriptions in publications. The text advises seeking expert advice when symptoms are unclear to avoid costly and potentially harmful remedial actions. First published Oct. 2000.

This document is about the citrus hybrid Fallglo. It is the result of a 1962 cross between Bower and Temple made by P. C. Reese. The plant was later selected for further evaluation by Reese and C. J. Hearn (both from the United States Department of Agriculture Horticultural Station in Orlando). Hearn released the variety in 1987. Firs published in September 1993.

Fire has been a significant part of southeastern American forests for thousands of years. Prescribed fire is an effective method to achieve some land management goals, but sometimes it is not possible to use this tool. Fortunately, there are alternative treatment options that land managers can consider. Although none of these surrogate treatments will produce the same suite of benefits as prescribed fire, they can mimic some of the benefits that prescribed fire creates and are better than applying no treatments. This publication provides an overview for landowners and land managers that want to understand surrogate treatments and the economic and ecological tradeoffs associated with each treatment.

Fire has been a significant part of southeastern American forests for thousands of years. Prescribed fire is an effective method to achieve some land management goals, but sometimes it is not possible to use this tool. Fortunately, there are alternative treatment options that land managers can consider. Although none of these surrogate treatments will produce the same suite of benefits as prescribed fire, they can mimic some of the benefits that prescribed fire creates and are better than applying no treatments. This publication provides an overview for landowners and land managers that want to understand surrogate treatments and the economic and ecological tradeoffs associated with each treatment.

This publication provides an in-depth profile of Lumnitzera racemosa for the use of interested laypersons with some knowledge of biology as well as academic audiences.

This publication provides an in-depth profile of Lumnitzera racemosa for the use of interested laypersons with some knowledge of biology as well as academic audiences.

This document is HS994, one of a series of the Horticultural Sciences Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Published February 2005. This research was supported by the Florida Agricultural Experiment Station, and approved for publication as Journal Series No. N-02573. This project is supported by the USDA Diaprepes Grant #727384112. HS994/HS240: Validation of an Area-Wide Extension Program to Estimate the Seasonal Abundance of Adult Citrus Root Weevils with Unbaited Pyramidal Traps (ufl.edu)

This document is HS994, one of a series of the Horticultural Sciences Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Published February 2005. This research was supported by the Florida Agricultural Experiment Station, and approved for publication as Journal Series No. N-02573. This project is supported by the USDA Diaprepes Grant #727384112. HS994/HS240: Validation of an Area-Wide Extension Program to Estimate the Seasonal Abundance of Adult Citrus Root Weevils with Unbaited Pyramidal Traps (ufl.edu)

This publication answers some common questions and provides efficacy information for all herbicide active ingredients labeled for aquatic use in Florida. Written by Stephen F. Enloe, Ben Sperry, and James Leary, and published by the UF/IFAS Agronomy Department, revised May 2022.

This publication answers some common questions and provides efficacy information for all herbicide active ingredients labeled for aquatic use in Florida. Written by Stephen F. Enloe, Ben Sperry, and James Leary, and published by the UF/IFAS Agronomy Department, revised May 2022.

Chemical input prices have increased significantly during the last year. In particular, the price of fertilizer has roughly doubled during the last 12 months. Supply and demand factors (some of them resulting from Russia’s invasion of Ukraine due to the status of those two countries as global producers and exporters of fertilizer inputs and crops) can contribute to explain such an increase. In this article, we provide estimates for the magnitude by which prices, pound solids, and/or yield would need to increase to offset the fertilizer price increase. However, since none of the three variables are under the control of growers, we hypothesize what is their likeliest reponse in terms of budget allocation.

In this article, we provide estimates on the performance of different rootstocks grafted with Valencia sweet orange scions in commercial field conditions. These are the first estimates obtained from side-by-side trials that compare the performance of rootstocks developed by two breeding programs in Florida, namely that of the University of Florida and the USDA. Those estimates can be particularly useful to help growers decide which rootstocks to plant. Importantly, this analysis combines yield and economic performance.

This publication discusses impacts, distribution, identification, and control of air potato. Written by Stephen F. Enloe and Ken Langeland, and published by the UF/IFAS Agronomy Department, revised December 2021.

This publication presents management recommendations for the Brazilian peppertree. It contains information about Brazilian peppertree biology, herbicide application techniques, and the status of biological control. Written by K. T. Gioeli, S. F. Enloe, C. R. Minteer, D. M. Lieurance, and K. A. Langeland, and published by the UF/IFAS Agronomy Department, revised November 2021.

This publication discusses impacts, distribution, identification, and control of air potato. Written by Stephen F. Enloe and Ken Langeland, and published by the UF/IFAS Agronomy Department, revised December 2021.

This publication presents management recommendations for the Brazilian peppertree. It contains information about Brazilian peppertree biology, herbicide application techniques, and the status of biological control. Written by K. T. Gioeli, S. F. Enloe, C. R. Minteer, D. M. Lieurance, and K. A. Langeland, and published by the UF/IFAS Agronomy Department, revised November 2021.

Two-leaf nightshade, Solanum diphyllum, is a member of the Solanaceae or potato family. It is native to Mexico southwards to Costa Rica. It has escaped cultivation in Florida and grows as far north as Duval County and from Volusia County south to Miami-Dade County. A "bird-dispersed" volunteer, it occurs in urban and conservation areas and on disturbed land. The plants produce abundant berries with many many small seeds. This new 5-page publication of the UF/IFAS Environmental Horticulture Department is primarily intended for Florida gardeners, landscapers, and land managers, and it contains information on identification, flowering, fruiting, and management recommendations for this widely occurring plant. Written by Stephen H. Brown, Chris Marble, and Stephen F. Enloe. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ep588

Two-leaf nightshade, Solanum diphyllum, is a member of the Solanaceae or potato family. It is native to Mexico southwards to Costa Rica. It has escaped cultivation in Florida and grows as far north as Duval County and from Volusia County south to Miami-Dade County. A "bird-dispersed" volunteer, it occurs in urban and conservation areas and on disturbed land. The plants produce abundant berries with many many small seeds. This new 5-page publication of the UF/IFAS Environmental Horticulture Department is primarily intended for Florida gardeners, landscapers, and land managers, and it contains information on identification, flowering, fruiting, and management recommendations for this widely occurring plant. Written by Stephen H. Brown, Chris Marble, and Stephen F. Enloe. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ep588

Two-leaf nightshade, Solanum diphyllum, is a member of the Solanaceae or potato family. It is native to Mexico southwards to Costa Rica. It has escaped cultivation in Florida and grows as far north as Duval County and from Volusia County south to Miami-Dade County. A "bird-dispersed" volunteer, it occurs in urban and conservation areas and on disturbed land. The plants produce abundant berries with many many small seeds. This new 5-page publication of the UF/IFAS Environmental Horticulture Department is primarily intended for Florida gardeners, landscapers, and land managers, and it contains information on identification, flowering, fruiting, and management recommendations for this widely occurring plant. Written by Stephen H. Brown, Chris Marble, and Stephen F. Enloe. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ep588

In this document we introduce a standardized set of seven terms compiled by the members of the UF|IFAS Invasive Species Council that can describe most situations involving invasive species. We do so to promote a common language among Florida’s Extension and outreach professionals. This will limit confusion caused by excessive jargon used to describe invasive species and the fact that much of this jargon is used incorrectly. This confusion hinders stakeholder understanding of environmental and economic impacts caused by invasive species which can prevent stakeholders from adopting behaviors that can both limit the introduction of new invasive species and decrease the impacts of those already established. The seven terms we propose are “native”, “nonnative”, “introduced”, “established”, “invasive”, “nuisance”, and “range change”. We also list six terms to avoid due to their tendency to create confusion and/or be misused and misinterpreted (“native invasive”, “invasive exotic”, “invasive weed”, “alien”, “foreign”, and “nonindigenous”) as well as precise definitions of common legal terms (“noxious weed”, “injurious”, “prohibited”, and “conditional/restricted”). By speaking this common language, Florida’s Extension and outreach professionals can deliver a simplified and unified message about the impacts of invasive species and how to best prevent and control them, potentially increasing the environmental and socioeconomic benefits of invasive species Extension and outreach programs.

This fact sheet discusses why plantings of non-native plants are regulated, describes how plantings are regulated in Florida, and shows how the UF/IFAS Assessment of Non-Native Plants in Florida’s Natural Areas is critical to this process. Written by Deah Lieurance, Eric Rohrig, and Stephen Enloe, and published by the UF/IFAS Agronomy Department, June 2021.

This fact sheet discusses why plantings of non-native plants are regulated, describes how plantings are regulated in Florida, and shows how the UF/IFAS Assessment of Non-Native Plants in Florida’s Natural Areas is critical to this process. Written by Deah Lieurance, Eric Rohrig, and Stephen Enloe, and published by the UF/IFAS Agronomy Department, June 2021.

In 2020/21, fruit drop has severely impacted orange yield in Florida. According to the most recent USDA forecast, the estimate of fruit drop for Early & Mid-season and Valencia oranges is 43% and 34%, respectively. Moreover, according to some growers, the level of fruit drop has been as high as 60% in some groves. Given that the fruit reaches higher levels of Brix when maturing on the tree, the grower faces the dilemma of whether to harvest more fruit early on or delay the harvest to achieve higher quality. The answer to such a dilemma depends on yield, price, pound solids per box, any price premium on higher quality, harvesting cost, and, of course, the fruit drop rate. In this article, we show the calculations for establishing in which week it would have been more profitable to harvest Valencia oranges under cumulative fruit drop scenarios ranging from 20 to 60%.

This quick reference table will provide growers with information (suggested rates, use restrictions, etc.) on different herbicides used in citrus. The herbicide table, prepared based on the Florida Citrus Production Guide, will aid growers to select an appropriate postemergent herbicide program in citrus groves. Written by Ramdas Kanissery, Camille E. McAvoy, Jamie D. Burrow, Stephen H. Futch, Brent A. Sellers, and S. Shea Teems, and published by the UF/IFAS Horticultural Sciences Department. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs1410

This quick reference table will provide growers with information (suggested rates, use restrictions, etc.) on different herbicides used in citrus. The herbicide table, prepared based on the Florida Citrus Production Guide, will aid growers to select an appropriate postemergent herbicide program in citrus groves. Written by Ramdas Kanissery, Camille E. McAvoy, Jamie D. Burrow, Stephen H. Futch, Brent A. Sellers, and S. Shea Teems, and published by the UF/IFAS Horticultural Sciences Department. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs1410

This quick reference table will provide growers with information (suggested rates, use restrictions, etc.) on different herbicides used in citrus. The herbicide table, prepared based on the Florida Citrus Production Guide, will aid growers to select an appropriate postemergent herbicide program in citrus groves. Written by Ramdas Kanissery, Camille E. McAvoy, Jamie D. Burrow, Stephen H. Futch, Brent A. Sellers, and S. Shea Teems, and published by the UF/IFAS Horticultural Sciences Department. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs1410

Florida is considered by some to be the lightning capital of the world. Florida has on average 3,500 cloud-to-ground lightning strikes per day and 1.2 million strikes per year. Given so many strikes, the probability of damage to certain palms is significant. Coconut palms, royal palms, and Washington palms are particularly vulnerable due to their great heights, but other tall palms may be equally susceptible. This new 6-page publication of the UF/IFAS Environmental Horticulture Department describes and includes many helpful photos of symptoms of lightning damage as well as lightning protection systems. Written by Stephen H. Brown, Douglas Caldwell, and Ralph Mitchell. This article was updated 1/11/2021 to correct the identification of the palm in Figure 17 to "yellow latania palm." https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ep598

Florida is considered by some to be the lightning capital of the world. Florida has on average 3,500 cloud-to-ground lightning strikes per day and 1.2 million strikes per year. Given so many strikes, the probability of damage to certain palms is significant. Coconut palms, royal palms, and Washington palms are particularly vulnerable due to their great heights, but other tall palms may be equally susceptible. This new 6-page publication of the UF/IFAS Environmental Horticulture Department describes and includes many helpful photos of symptoms of lightning damage as well as lightning protection systems. Written by Stephen H. Brown, Douglas Caldwell, and Ralph Mitchell. This article was updated 1/11/2021 to correct the identification of the palm in Figure 17 to "yellow latania palm." https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ep598

Florida is considered by some to be the lightning capital of the world. Florida has on average 3,500 cloud-to-ground lightning strikes per day and 1.2 million strikes per year. Given so many strikes, the probability of damage to certain palms is significant. Coconut palms, royal palms, and Washington palms are particularly vulnerable due to their great heights, but other tall palms may be equally susceptible. This new 6-page publication of the UF/IFAS Environmental Horticulture Department describes and includes many helpful photos of symptoms of lightning damage as well as lightning protection systems. Written by Stephen H. Brown, Douglas Caldwell, and Ralph Mitchell. This article was updated 1/11/2021 to correct the identification of the palm in Figure 17 to "yellow latania palm." https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ep598

This 4-page document provides information on the characteristics and control of skunkvine. Written by S. F. Enloe, S. C. Marble, and K. A. Langeland, and published by the Agronomy Department, November 2019. SS-AGR-80/WG208: Natural Area Weeds: Skunkvine (Paederia foetida) (ufl.edu)

This 4-page document provides information on the characteristics and control of skunkvine. Written by S. F. Enloe, S. C. Marble, and K. A. Langeland, and published by the Agronomy Department, November 2019. SS-AGR-80/WG208: Natural Area Weeds: Skunkvine (Paederia foetida) (ufl.edu)

This 4-page document provides information on the characteristics and control of skunkvine. Written by S. F. Enloe, S. C. Marble, and K. A. Langeland, and published by the Agronomy Department, November 2019. SS-AGR-80/WG208: Natural Area Weeds: Skunkvine (Paederia foetida) (ufl.edu)

Even though many recognize FFA and 4-H, there is still a big disconnect in understanding the similarities and differences between them. This 4-page document serves as an educational tool for school-based agricultural education and 4-H programs, and provides a background of the history, characteristics, and membership process of these long-standing organizations. Written by Debra Barry, Alyssa Shepherd, Jennifer Patton, and Stephen Gran, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agricultural Education and Communication, September 2020.

This article and series were designed primarily for use by secondary agriscience teachers in school-based agricultural education programs (SBAE) to help build a strong understanding of Extension and the role of Extension professionals. An important part of access and use of Extension services is understanding its background, structure, and function. This initial publication in the Understanding Extension for School-Based Agricultural Education series provides agricultural educators and the general public with a basic understanding of Extension. This new 4-page publication of the Department of Agricultural Education and Communication was written by Debra Barry, John Diaz, Alyssa Shepherd, Jennifer Patton, and Stephen Gran. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/wc372

This article and series were designed primarily for use by secondary agriscience teachers in school-based agricultural education programs (SBAE) to help build a strong understanding of Extension and the role of Extension professionals. An important part of access and use of Extension services is understanding its background, structure, and function. This initial publication in the Understanding Extension for School-Based Agricultural Education series provides agricultural educators and the general public with a basic understanding of Extension. This new 4-page publication of the Department of Agricultural Education and Communication was written by Debra Barry, John Diaz, Alyssa Shepherd, Jennifer Patton, and Stephen Gran. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/wc372

Even though many recognize FFA and 4-H, there is still a big disconnect in understanding the similarities and differences between them. This 4-page document serves as an educational tool for school-based agricultural education and 4-H programs, and provides a background of the history, characteristics, and membership process of these long-standing organizations. Written by Debra Barry, Alyssa Shepherd, Jennifer Patton, and Stephen Gran, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agricultural Education and Communication, September 2020.

Even though many recognize FFA and 4-H, there is still a big disconnect in understanding the similarities and differences between them. This 4-page document serves as an educational tool for school-based agricultural education and 4-H programs, and provides a background of the history, characteristics, and membership process of these long-standing organizations. Written by Debra Barry, Alyssa Shepherd, Jennifer Patton, and Stephen Gran, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agricultural Education and Communication, September 2020.

This article and series were designed primarily for use by secondary agriscience teachers in school-based agricultural education programs (SBAE) to help build a strong understanding of Extension and the role of Extension professionals. An important part of access and use of Extension services is understanding its background, structure, and function. This initial publication in the Understanding Extension for School-Based Agricultural Education series provides agricultural educators and the general public with a basic understanding of Extension. This new 4-page publication of the Department of Agricultural Education and Communication was written by Debra Barry, John Diaz, Alyssa Shepherd, Jennifer Patton, and Stephen Gran. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/wc372

Railroad vine is one of the most widely distributed beach plants in the world. The moving sand and salt spray make the beach environment a harsh one, and the plants that live there are specialized to colonize this environment. This new 7-page document, published by the UF/IFAS Environmental Horticulture Department, describes railroad vine's leaves, flowers, fruit, planting and maintenance, and insect and disease problems. Written by Stephen H. Brown and Marc S. Frank. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ep587