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This 7-page fact sheet is part of the 2019–2020 Florida Citrus Production Guide. Written by Megan M. Dewdney, Evan G. Johnson, and James H. Graham, and published by the Plant Pathology Department, April 2019. PP-156/CG009: 2022–2023 Florida Citrus Production Guide: Phytophthora Foot Rot, Crown Rot, and Root Rot (ufl.edu)

Citrus canker is a leaf-, fruit-, and stem-blemishing disease that affects most citrus. Severe infections can cause significant fruit drop. It is caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri. Grapefruit, Mexican lime, and some early oranges are highly susceptible to canker. Lemons, limes, and Navel, Pineapple, and Hamlin oranges are moderately susceptible to canker. Mid-season oranges, Valencias, tangors, tangelos, and other tangerine hybrids are less susceptible, and tangerines are the least susceptible. This 6-page fact sheet is part of the 2019–2020 Florida Citrus Production Guide. Written by M. M. Dewdney, E. G. Johnson, and J. H. Graham, and published by the Plant Pathology Department, March 2019. PP-182/CG040: 2022–2023 Florida Citrus Production Guide: Citrus Canker (ufl.edu)

Management of brown rot, caused by Phytophthora nicotianae or P. palmivora, is needed on both processing and fresh-market fruit. While the disease affects all citrus types, it is usually most severe on Hamlin, Navel, and other early-maturing sweet orange cultivars. This 3-page fact sheet is part of the 2019–2020 Florida Citrus Production Guide. Written by M. M. Dewdney, E. G. Johnson, and J. H. Graham, and published by the Plant Pathology Department, March 2019. PP-148/CG022: 2022–2023 Florida Citrus Production Guide: Brown Rot of Fruit (ufl.edu)

Developing and maintaining a healthy root system is important for establishment and long-term productivity of trees. Roots take up nutrients and water from the soil to transport them to the tree canopy (the leaves and fruit). The root system also acts as an anchor for the tree, which is important during high wind conditions, such as thunderstorms and tropical systems. At the same time, the leaves provide carbohydrates to grow and maintain a functional root system. In a healthy tree, the carbohydrate supply is balanced between new leaves, fruit, and roots. When root health is compromised, the root system has reduced nutrient and water uptake capacity, which can subsequently affect growth of new leaves and fruit. This 3-page fact sheet is part of the 2019–2020 Florida Citrus Production Guide. Written by E. G. Johnson, J. H. Graham, and K. T. Morgan, and published by the Agronomy Department, March 2019. CMG15/CG094: 2022–2023 Florida Citrus Production Guide: Root Health Management (ufl.edu)

Phytophthora species are important soilborne, fungus-like pathogens that attack the root systems, trunk, and fruit of citrus trees at any age. The front of this identification sheet includes images of healthy and infested roots and descriptions of leaf and root symptoms. The back lists sampling procedures: soil collection, soil testing, and diagnosing phytophthora. Written by Jamie D. Burrow, Diane B. Bright, Tim D. Riley, Evan G. Johnson, and James H. Graham, and published by the UF/IFAS Plant Pathology Department, July 2019. Update of original July 2015 publication. https://ufdc.ufl.edu/IR00008736/00001 SL431/SS645: Phytophthora Identification and Sampling in Citrus Nurseries (ufl.edu)

Phlox drummondii Hooker, commonly known as annual or Drummond phlox is one of north and central Florida's showiest and most reliable spring flowering annuals. This document is ENH 1020, one of a series of the Environmental Horticulture Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date December 23, 2005.

Citrus canker, caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri, is a leaf, fruit, and stem blemishing disease that affects most citrus. This 6-page fact sheet is part of the 2018-2019 Florida Citrus Production Guide. Written by M. M. Dewdney, E. G. Johnson and J. H. Graham, and published by the Plant Pathology Department, February 2019. PP-182/CG040: 2022–2023 Florida Citrus Production Guide: Citrus Canker (ufl.edu)

This 7-page fact sheet is part of the 2018–2019 Florida Citrus Production Guide. Written by M. M. Dewdney, E. G. Johnson, and J. H. Graham, and published by the UF/IFAS Plant Pathology Department, May 2018. PP-156/CG009: 2022–2023 Florida Citrus Production Guide: Phytophthora Foot Rot, Crown Rot, and Root Rot (ufl.edu)

Citrus root weevils represent a complex of species known to infest citrus trees and various alternate host plants in Florida. This 5-page fact sheet is part of the 2018–2019 Florida Citrus Production Guide. Written by L. W. Duncan, M. E. Rogers, S. H. Futch, and J. H. Graham, and published by the UF/IFAS Entomology and Nematology Department, May 2018. ENY-611/CG006: 2022–2023 Florida Citrus Production Guide: Citrus Root Weevils (ufl.edu)

Management of brown rot, caused by Phytophthora nicotianae or P. palmivora, is needed on both processing and fresh market fruit. While the disease affects all citrus types, it is usually most severe on Hamlin, Navel, and other early maturing sweet orange cultivars. This 2-page fact sheet is part of the 2018–2019 Florida Citrus Production Guide. Written by Megan M. Dewdney, Evan G. Johnson, and James H. Graham, and published by the Plant Pathology Department, May 2018. PP-148/CG022: 2022–2023 Florida Citrus Production Guide: Brown Rot of Fruit (ufl.edu)

Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv.) is a Southeast Asian warm-season perennial grass species that has spread to all continents except Antarctica. It is considered among the worst problematic weeds on a global scale. Control of cogongrass is difficult, especially in forests. This 6-page fact sheet written by Patrick J. Minogue, Brent V. Brodbeck, and James H. Miller and published by the UF/IFAS School of Forest Resources and Conservation presents recommendations for control strategies that will work in mixed pine-hardwood forests and pine forests. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fr411

Rules and regulations that govern our use of natural resources, specifically water, are changing. Over the past 80 years, Florida's population increased four times, from approximately 5 million to more than 20 million people. With this population increase, water needs have also increased. Forward-looking communities think about the future of their towns, counties, or the state as they work on redefining regulations to meet future water needs without harming our springs, lakes, rivers, and estuaries. This 4-page fact sheet written by James Fletcher and Tatiana Borisova and published by the Food and Resource Economics Department discusses the Central Florida Water Initiative, which deals with advancing water-use and water-resource-protection strategies for Orlando and its vicinity. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fe1012

Phytophthora species are important soil-borne, fungus-like pathogens that attack the root systems, trunk, and fruit of citrus trees at any age. The front of this identification sheet includes images of healthy and infested roots and descriptions of leaf and root symptoms. The back lists sampling procedures: soil collection, soil testing, and diagnosing phytophthora. Written by Jamie D. Burrow, Diane B. Bright, Tim D. Riley, and James H. Graham, and published by the UF Department of Soil and Water Science, July 2015. SL431/SS645: Phytophthora Identification and Sampling in Citrus Nurseries (ufl.edu)

Information about citrus rootstocks has become an important part of understanding and managing citrus greening (Huanglongbing or HLB). This selection guide covers 20 characteristics of 45 citrus rootstocks and explains its methodology in detail. This revised 3-page fact sheet was written by William S. Castle, Kim D. Bowman, Jude W. Grosser, Stephen H. Futch, and James H. Graham and published by the UF Department of Horticultural Sciences, May 2015. SP248/HS1260: Florida Citrus Rootstock Selection Guide, 4th Edition (ufl.edu)

El cancro cítrico es una enfermedad introducida en Florida y es muy perjudicial económicamente para la industria comercial. La enfermedad no está presente en todas las regiones tropicales y subtropicales productoras de cítricos donde el cancro cítrico puede ser problemático, por lo tanto, las restricciones para exportar fruta con cancro cítrico son muy estrictas. Esta enfermedad también concierne a los propietarios, no solo por sus efectos en la industria económica, sino también porque es altamente contagiosa y la mayoría de la fruta contagiada en un árbol muy afectado se cae de éste prematuramente. This 4-page fact sheet was written by M. M. Dewdney, P. D. Roberts, J. H. Graham, K. R. Chung, and M. Zekri, and published by the UF Department of Plant Pathology, January 2013. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pp298

One sure way to prevent deer damage to your landscape is to choose plants that deer do not like to eat. Unfortunately, deer foraging preferences vary geographically and studies conducted with captive deer aren’t always accurate. So UF/IFAS wildlife researchers investigated the foraging preference of wild white-tailed deer at two sites in Gadsden County with high deer densities for two years. Of 11 wildflowers tested, four were very susceptible to browsing: fringeleaf tickseed, Florida tickseed, coastalplain tickseed, and orange coneflower. This 4-page fact sheet was written by Holly K. Ober, Lucas W. DeGroote, James H. Aldrich, Jefferey G. Norcini, and Gary W. Knox, and published by the UF Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, December 2011. WEC315/UW360: Wildflowers Susceptible to Deer Damage in North Florida (ufl.edu)

Revised! PP194, a 4-page illustrated fact sheet by M.M. Dewdney, P.D. Roberts, J.H. Graham, K.R. Chung, and M. Zekri, informs homeowners about this serious disease of citrus, its history, symptoms, spread, and control strategies. Published by the UF Department of Plant Pathology, October 2009. PP194/PP116: Homeowner Fact Sheet: Citrus Canker (ufl.edu)

ENH-1087, a 4-page illustrated fact sheet by Jeffrey G. Norcini and James H. Aldrich, describes in detail the methods that the authors have successfully used to produce liners of Florida native wildflowers under greenhouse conditions. Includes references. Published by the UF Department of Environmental Horticulture, December 2007. ENH1087/EP342: Liner Production of Florida Native Wildflowers by Seed (ufl.edu)

ENH-1074, a 22-page illustrated fact sheet by Jeffrey Norcini and James H. Aldrich, provides results of a study evaluating 15 cultivars of native wildflowers for performance in North Florida landscape conditions in Quincy, FL. Includes description, performance, and graph of appearance rating throughout the year for each wildflower. Published by the UF Department of Environmental Horticulture, November 2007. ENH1074/EP341: Performance of Native Florida Plants under North Florida Conditions (ufl.edu)

ENH-1075, a 3-page illustrated fact sheet by Jeffrey G. Norcini and James H. Aldrich, describes two species of Mimosa that are native to Florida, use of powderpuff mimosa in the landscape, establishment, pests, and availability. Includes references. Published by the UF Department of Environmental Horticulture, November 2007.

HS-1065, a 4-page illustrated fact sheet by Stephen H. Futch, James H. Graham, and Larry W. Duncan, reviews and evaluates the benefits and drawbacks of two methods of removing diseased or unproductive trees -- pushing the tree down and removing the entire tree and root systems, or clipping the tree off above the soil line. It describes the results of a study initiated in 2002 to investigate concerns about the push and clip methods. Published by the UF Department of Horticultural Sciences, June 2006. HS1065/HS320: To Push or To Clip: That is the Question (ufl.edu)

PP-231, a 5-page fact sheet by L. W. Timmer, J. H. Graham and H. L. Chamberlain, provides fundamentals of citrus canker management now that the program to eradicate affected trees has ended. It includes information about protecting canker-free areas through decontamination and inoculum suppression, and for areas where canker is endemic it describes the use of windbreaks, copper sprays, leafminer control, and canker-resistant varieties. Published by the UF Department of Plant Pathology, July 2006.

This document is HS1019, one of a series of the Horticultural Sciences Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date March 2006. HS1019/HS269: Ganoderma Wood-Rotting Fungi on Citrus Stumps (ufl.edu)

Phytophthora species are important soil-borne fungal pathogens worldwide that attack the root systems, trunks, and fruit of citrus trees at any age. Historical reports from Florida indicated Phytophthora was a problem as early as 1876 on sweet orange seedlings. When roots or tree trunks are affected, the foliage turns yellow and exhibits poor growth, leaves drop, twigs die back, and fruit size and yield are reduced. As fungal infection of roots and bark progress, the above-ground symptoms increase in severity. Ultimately, trees may decline and die. These symptoms result from the inability of the tree's fibrous roots to take up nutrients and water from the soil, as well as blockage of movement to the tree's canopy via lateral roots and the trunk. The movement of photosynthates 'downward' is also impaired. The two main species of Phytophthora in Florida are P. nicotianae and P. palmivora. Populations of either Phytophthora spp. in the soil may increase by repeated infection of fibrous roots resulting in rapid reproduction under conditions of high moisture and warm temperatures (75-90°F). This document is HS-1015, one of a series of the Horticultural Sciences Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Original publication date May 2005. HS-1015/HS261: Field Diagnosis and Management of Phytophthora Diseases (ufl.edu)

Root weevils infest citrus groves throughout the citrus growing regions of Florida. Among the eight weevil species that have been identified in Florida citrus groves, five have some potential to cause economic problems for nurserymen and commercial growers. The most important weevil species are Diaprepes root weevil (Diaprepes abbreviatus), southern blue-green citrus root weevil (Pachnaeus litus), and the blue-green citrus root weevil (Pachnaeus opalus). The little leaf notcher (Artipus floridanus) and Fuller rose beetle (Asynonychus godmani) are of less concern, but may be locally important (Fig. 1). This paper will deal with Diaprepes and the blue-green root weevils because they are of major economic importance and frequently occur in citrus groves. This document is HS-1014, one of a series of the Horticultural Sciences Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date May 2005. HS-1014/HS260: Field Diagnosis of Citrus Root Weevil Damage (ufl.edu)

Interest in planting native wildflowers along Florida's roadsides and in meadows has grown steadily over the past 30-40 years, and especially so more recently. The most common method to establish these plantings is by direct seeding. This publication describes direct seeding methods you can use to establish medium to large size native wildflower plantings, such as those on roadsides, meadows, commercial properties, and right-of-ways. This document is ENH 968, one of a series of the Environmental Horticulture Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Original publication date April 2004. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ep227

In this publication, we describe a production protocol that results in Joe-Pye weed plants that are only 18 to 24 inches tall when they are ready to ship. This document is ENH876, one of a series of the Environmental Horticulture Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Original publication date May 2003. ENH876/EP132: Native Wildflowers: Container Production of Joe-Pye Weed from Seed (ufl.edu)