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In this paper, we describe a new lexicographic resource for advanced learners of Lithuanian, the Lexical Database of Lithuanian Language Usage, which is the first attempt in Lithuanian lexicography to prepare a description of vocabulary based on the word usage analysis in the particular corpus. The written subpart of the Lithuanian Pedagogic Corpus (approx. 620,000 tokens) was used to develop headword lists and collect word usage information in the form of corpus patterns. In the database, there are 3,700 lexical items, words and multi-word units (compounds, idioms or sayings). For the appr. 700 most frequent words from a shared vocabulary (they appear in texts assigned to A1, A2, B1 and B2 levels, and their frequency in the whole corpus is 100 occurrences and above), we prepared a full-record entry: it includes sense-related corpus patterns with grammatical, semantic and lexical information and the examples illustrating all pattern components. The short-record entry (no patterns, only examples) is prepared for the less frequent words from the shared vocabulary, which are derivationally related to the most frequent headwords. The users are provided with 2,542 derivatives, which are linked to 940 headwords. In the database, 28,550 encoding examples are manually selected for all 3,000 headwords and 700 phrases. We discuss the features of the database, and, particularly, the adopted semi-automated procedure of Corpus Pattern Analysis, which was used for the description of word usage. We evaluate the approach applied, and discuss its advantages for users as well as provide the suggestions for the future improvements of the resource, which can be used as an additional resource in the classroom of Lithuanian as a foreign language, and, together with the available corpora, fill in a gap of usage information in the existing (learner) dictionaries.

Public textual cyberbullying has become one of the most prevalent issues associated with online safety of young people, particularly on social networks. To address this issue, we argue that the boundaries of what constitutes public textual cyberbullying needs to be first identified and a corresponding linguistically motivated definition needs to be advanced. Thus, we propose a definition of public textual cyberbullying that contains three necessary and sufficient elements: the personal marker, the dysphemistic element and the cyberbullying link between the previous two elements. Subsequently, we argue that one of the cornerstones in the overall process of mitigating the effects of cyberbullying is the design of a cyberbullying lexical database that specifies what linguistic and cyberbullying specific information is relevant to the detection process. In this vein, we propose a novel cyberbullying lexical database based on the definition of public textual cyberbullying. The overall architecture of our cyberbullying lexical database is determined semantically, and, in order to facilitate cyberbullying detection, the lexical entry encapsulates two new semantic dimensions that are derived from our definition: cyberbullying function and cyberbullying referential domain. In addition, the lexical entry encapsulates other semantic and syntactic information, such as sense and syntactic category, information that, not only aids the process of detection, but also allows us to expand the cyberbullying database using WordNet (Miller, 1993).

ABSTRACT: This article gives a survey of the main issues confronting the compilers of monolingual dictionaries in the age of the Internet. Among others, it discusses the relationship between a lexical database and a monolingual dictionary, the role of corpus evidence, historical principles in lexicography vs. synchronic principles, the instability of word meaning, the need for full vocabulary coverage, principles of definition writing, the role of dictionaries in society, and the need for dictionaries to give guidance on matters of disputed word usage. It concludes with some questions about the future of dictionary publishing.OPSOMMING: Die samestelling van 'n eentalige woordeboek vir moedertaalsprekers. Hierdie artikel gee 'n oorsig van die hoofkwessies waarmee die samestellers van eentalige woordeboeke in die eeu van die Internet te kampe het. Dit bespreek onder andere die verhouding tussen 'n leksikale databasis en 'n eentalige woordeboek, die rol van korpusgetuienis, historiese beginsels vs sinchroniese beginsels in die leksikografie, die onstabiliteit van woordbetekenis, die noodsaak van 'n volledige woordeskatdekking, beginsels van die skryf van definisies, die rol van woordeboeke in die maatskappy, en die noodsaak vir woordeboeke om leiding te gee oor sake van betwiste woordgebruik. Dit sluit af met 'n aantal vrae oor die toekoms van die publikasie van woordeboeke.Sleutelwoorde: EENTALIGE WOORDEBOEKE, LEKSIKALE DATABASIS, WOORDEBOEKSTRUKTUUR, WOORDBETEKENIS, BETEKENISVERANDERING, GEBRUIK, GEBRUIKSAANTEKENINGE, HISTORIESE BEGINSELS VAN DIE LEKSIKOGRAFIE, SINCHRONIESE BEGINSELS VAN DIE LEKSIKOGRAFIE, REGISTER, SLANG, STANDAARDENGELS, WOORDESKATDEKKING, KONSEKWENSIE VAN VERSAMELINGS, FRASEOLOGIE, SINTAGMATIESE PATRONE, PROBLEME VAN KOMPOSISIONALITEIT, LINGUISTIESE PRESKRIPTIVISME, LEKSIKALE GETUIENIS