Search

Background: Breast symmetry remains a challenging quality to measure. The question arises of how much baseline breast symmetry exists in the female plastic surgical patient population.Material and methods: Several linear dimensional assessments were collected based on a retrospective analysis of objective data of women with natural breasts, who presented for an initial consultation in a plastic surgical clinic and were measured with the 3D Vectra Camera by the company Canfield Scientific Inc., U.S.A. The first 100 cases were extracted from the large database in alphabetical order. The nipple positions were examined, including the following linear dimensions: distances from the jugulum to the nipple, from the nipple to the inframammary fold, and from the nipple to midline. Furthermore, the under-breast widths were obtained. Results: The objective three-dimensional imaging method determined that all patients had some degree of asymmetry. The linear distances from the jugulum and midline to the nipple revealed that the measurements were larger on the left side. However, the nipple to the inframammary fold measurements were roughly the same. In the sample of plastic surgical patients, the average distance between the jugulum and nipple was around 20 cm, the distance between the nipple and inframammary fold was around 6.5 cm, the distance between the nipple and midline was around 10 cm, and the under-breast width was around 13 cm.On average, the jugulum-nipple distance on the right side was and 20.1±2.4 cm on the left side. The distance between the nipple and the inframammary fold was 6.4±1.1 cm, revealing a similar distribution on both sides. The mean distance from the nipple to the midline was much larger on the left side of the body at than on the right side at 9.4±1.3 cm. The under-breast width on the right side was slightly larger than the left side, with measurements of 13.4±1.8 cm versus 13.2±1.7 cm. Conclusion: Breast dimensions can be described comprehensively by an objective three-dimensional imaging process, which can detect asymmetry in all patients. The differences related to the nipple position were larger on the left side than the right regarding the distances from the jugulum and particularly the midline to the nipple, which seems to be of special importance, but not from the nipple to the inframammary fold.The linear measurements for the distances from the jugulum and the midline to the nipple are essential to accurate symmetry assessments and form an aesthetic triangle of the breast, which is a new term and the key to a simplified shape analysis.

this work, the basic results of the anthropological analyses of the skeletal remains from the largely Avar period, but also late antique and bronze age dated archaeological site Bruckneudorf/Burgenland are presented. Out of more than 400 inhumations, 383 Avar period individuals could be assessed, including 205 adults and 178 children and juveniles. The skeletons are mostly well preserved. There are about a quarter more adult males than females buried at this site. The males had a mean body height of approx. 166 cm and the females of approx. 157 cm. The fracture frequencies at the postcranial bones are low, males are more often affected than females. Skull fractures are also rare, the signs of interpersonal violence are low, some males were affected by a decapitation. On some individuals, signs of infectious diseases like tuberculosis and brucellosis were visible. A low caries frequency was found, although the frequency of intravitam tooth loss and an increase in signs of deficiency disease at teeth, mainly at the age of five years, were obvious. A large part of the individuals over 40 years was affected from degenerative changes in the spine, nearly double the number of males than females. In total, the stress and strain signs in this group do not seem to be very high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The treatise "Gothic Migrations: In Search of the Truth" by Andrzej Kokowski discusses the various interpretations of the Goths as a multiethnic formation. Archaeology distinguishes four Gothic cultures: the Wielbark culture, the Masłomęcz group, the Chernyakhov culture, and the Sântana de Mureş culture. DNA tests can support the thesis of multiple multiplicity. However, the author criticizes a 2019 publication that is based on untrue materials and contradicts the current state of knowledge about the chronology of the analyzed materials. The conclusions of the publication contradict the scientific output of historians and archaeologists. The authors of the article made numerous mistakes in their research at the University of Poznań. They misinterpreted the numbering of the graves and spread false information. Additionally, they did not consider the previously published results of other researchers. The authors also had difficulties determining the gender of the skeletons and made false statements. Therefore, the research results of the article should be considered unreliable. The article discusses the problems with dating archaeological finds from the Roman period. It is pointed out that the authors of the article do not have sufficient knowledge in archaeological dating and that their datings are therefore unreliable. It is emphasized that radiocarbon-based dating is only valuable when compared with archaeological datings. It is also noted that the results of aDNA analysis and the migration theories based on them are only meaningful if the graves are accurately dated. The article criticizes the lack of precision and expertise of the authors in dating finds from the Hrubieszów Basin. The article discusses the results of aDNA analysis of skeletal remains from the Wielbark culture cemetery in Masłomęcz. The authors criticize the faulty identification of the materials and the inadequate historical argumentation in the article. They emphasize that aDNA analysis can contribute interesting insights to the historical debate, but that it contradicts historical and archaeological research. The authors call for a more careful consideration of the historical context and improved editorial review of such articles. The text contains a list of publications by archaeologist Andrzej Kokowski on various topics, including the Goths and the Masłomęcz group. Other authors and their works on similar topics are also mentioned. The focus of the text is on archaeological investigations and research on these ancient cultures. The text includes a list of publications and research papers on various topics related to archaeological finds and cultures in Poland. Various authors and their works on topics such as the Goths, Oksywie culture, Chernyakhov culture, and others are mentioned. The publications cover topics such as migration, anthropological investigations, and cultural interpretations. [Extracted from the article]

A system of fifteen variables (7 morphological and 8 variables for assessing postural status) was applied to a sample of 284 male and female students from the first to the third grade of primary school, with the aim of determining the differences between boys and girls. The results showed that there were statistically significant differences between the examined samples in the following morphological variables: in the first class (body weight and skin fold of the triceps), in the second class (body height, body weight, skin fold of the triceps and skin fold of the biceps) and in third grade (body height, skin fold of triceps, skin fold of back, skin fold of biceps, and skin fold of lower leg). Statistically significant differences in the variables for assessing postural status exist in the following variables: in the first grade (head posture, shoulder posture, shoulder posture, chest shape and leg shape), in the second grade (shoulder posture, chest shape, and spinal deviation in frontal plane) and in the third grade (deviation of the spinal column in the frontal plane, holding the anterior abdominal wall and the shape of the legs). Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that in the younger school-age in morphology there is a significant sexual dimorphism and with it in connection with the change of postural status.

Copyright of Der Urologe A is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zentralblatt fuer Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz und Ergonomie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Der Urologe A is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of the research was to identify adequacy of school furniture dimensions with the help of anthropometric measurements experimented on 11 - 12 year-old pupils. These are the pupils who have switched from classroom teaching to the subject teaching and have lessons in specialized classrooms, which are designed for a specific school subject. We were interested in the discrepancies between pupils' anthropometric dimensions and the dimensions of school furniture situated in science classrooms. The research included 192 pupils (N = 192) in the 6th and 7th grade of primary schools in North-Eastern Slovenia. Readings were made on certain pupils' anthropometric dimensions, including stature, popliteal height, buttock-popliteal lenght, elbow height sitting, thigh thickness, subscapular height and hip width. School furniture taken measurements showed that the dimensions of desks designed according to ISO 5970 correspond with size 6 (for height between 173 and 184 cm). Results of the anthropometric measurements are showed that 6th grade pupils are in average 152 cm high, 7th grade pupils 160 cm. The research has showed a great mismatch of school furniture with anthropometric dimensions which can have serious consequences on pupil development.

Copyright of Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zentralblatt fuer Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz und Ergonomie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Rechtsmedizin is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Obesity leads to better survival in critically ill patients. Although there are several studies confirming this thesis, the "obesity paradox" is still surprising from the clinician's perspective. One explanation for the "obesity paradox" is the fact that the body mass index (BMI), which is used in almost all clinical evaluations to determine weight categories, is not an appropriate measure of fat and skeletal muscle mass and its distribution in critically ill patients. In addition, height and weight are frequently estimated rather than measured. Central obesity has been identified in many disorders as an independent risk factor for an unfavourable outcome. The first clues are to be found in intensive care. Along with obesity, an individual's entire muscle mass is a variable that has an influence on outcome. Central obesity can be measured relatively easily with an abdominal calliper, but the calculation of muscle mass is more complex. A valid and detailed measurement of this can be obtained using computed tomography (CT) images, acquired during routine care. For future clinical observation or interventional studies, single cross-sectional CT is a more sophisticated tool for measuring patients' anthropometry than a measuring tape and callipers. Patients with sarcopenic obesity, for example, who may be at a particular risk, can only be identified using imaging procedures such as single cross-sectional CT. Thus, BMI should take a back seat as an anthropometric tool, both in the clinic and in research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Reference values are necessary in clinical practice in order to correctly evaluate testicular volume and detect disorders.Objectives: The objective of this prospective cross-sectional study was to evaluate reference values for testicular volume dependent on age, height, and weight in boys aged 0-18 years.Material and Methods: During their inpatient stay, the testes of 174 boys, who were free of disease or therapy that might influence testicular development, were examined by sonography. High resolution ultrasound transducers ranging from 7.5-14 MHz were used for evaluation. The testicular volume was calculated by the ellipsoid formula: length • width • height • (π/6).Results: The subject age ranged from 0-18 years (average 7.1 ± 5.3 years). At the age of 0-8 years, the left testicular volume (1.2 ml) was less than the right testicular volume (1.3 ml). At the age of 13 years, the testicular volume of all subjects was over 3 ml. Left testicular volume of boys aged 16.5-18 years ranged from 7 to 22 ml and the right testicular volume ranged from 6 to 22 ml.Conclusion: Reference value tables of testicular volume dependent on age, and for the first time dependent on weight and height in boys aged from 0-18 years were compiled. Tables of testicular length, width, and height dependent on age are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Der Diabetologe is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Der Urologe A is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zentralblatt fuer Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz und Ergonomie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of German Journal of Sports Medicine / Deutsche Zeitschrift fur Sportmedizin is the property of Verein zur Forderung der Sportmedizin Hannover e.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article focuses on the career of French physician and philosopher Samuel Sorbière during the 1660s, and his relationships within scholarly networks. Topics discussed include Sorbière as a philosophical thinker and his relationship with anthropometry; his visit to the Netherlands where he worked as an educator and a doctor; and Sorbière's concept of the republic of letters.

Copyright of Archiv für Kriminologie is the property of Schmidt-Roemhild Verlag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents a report from an October 4-6, 2012 conference in Berlin, Germany on the history of colonial artifacts in archives. Topics of presentations given included the proposed expansion of the definition of human remains to include photographs, measurement data, and audio recordings, the use of computers in anthropometry, and the role of Namibia in research concerning German imperialism in Africa.

Summary: Introduction: In the past several studies tried to identify parameters predicting success in elite alpine skiing. Most of these studies used cross-sectional designs. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine influencing factors on alpine skiing performance in both a cross-sectional and a longitudinal design. Furthermore, the correlation between parameters of anthropometry, clinical chemistry, echocardiography and exercise testing and the success in alpine skiing (represented by FIS points) were investigated. Method: We analyzed the parameters of 143 elite athletes (69 male, 74 female, age 18.8±3.9 years, BMI 23.7±2.2 kg*m-2) of the German National Ski Team during a term of 5 years. Results: Athletes with higher fat free mass (FFM) and ferritin values were more successful than athletes with lower levels. In accordance, there were high correlation coefficients between FIS points and FFM (♀: r=-0.53, ♂: r=-0.73; all p<0.01) and ferritin (♀: r=-0.43, ♂: r=-0.69; all p<0.01), respectively. Conclusion: FFM and ferritin seems to be predicting factors for success in alpine ski racing. Therefore, training should be focused on the increase of FFM and iron status should be monitored carefully. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Summary: Nordic skiers are subject to highest demands, amplified by the increasing professionalism and the continuously rising level of performance. To ensure ideal health care and coaching, an enlargement and thus improvement of sports medicine and scientific knowledge is required. For identification of medical and performance characteristics, properties and parameters, data from 429 elite nordic ski athletes (cross country skiing, biathlon, nordic combination, ski jumping) were cross-sectional and longitudinal analysed. The comparison between sport, gender, age und performance level showed significant differences. By creating such particular sports medicine profiles, realistic assessments of results in age-matched comparison, both in terms of health-related, as well as performance-related tests, are prospective possible. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Copyright of Rechtsmedizin is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Der Urologe A is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Corn is of central meaning for Nahuat-speaking people of Sierra Norte, Puebla, Mexico. It is an integral part of personhood und closely related to ideals of harmony, of (gender) cooperation and (hierarchical gender) complementarity. The article explores the relation of disturbed male harmony, resulting from missing opportunities, to adequate corn production in the context of globalization. This may lead to increased illegitimate gendered violence by men. Besides, it will also be demonstrated how new forms of cooperation and complementarity between husband and wife are developed and may contribute to less hierarchical and less violent gender relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study investigated the change of body composition in 8 ultra-endurance triathletes during a multi-stage ultra-endurance triathlon, where athletes had to perform one Ironman distance over 3.8 km swimming, 180 km cycling and 42.2 km running per day for 10 consecutive days. In the only 8 male successful finishers, body mass, skin fold thick-nesses and circumferences of extremities were measured pre and post race in order to calculate skeletal muscle mass, percent body fat and fat mass. Bioelectrical impedance analysis was performed at the same time to determine lean body mass, percent body fat and total body water. Body mass did not change (p > 0.05), whereas skeletal muscle mass statistically significantly decreased by 1.1 kg (p < 0.05) and fat mass significantly decreased by 0.9 kg (p < 0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archiv für Kriminologie is the property of Schmidt-Roemhild Verlag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Watchful waiting has become the standard therapy in most cases of asymptomatic unilateral congenital hydronephroses with normal renal function. Simple, reliable, and noninvasive prognostic parameters that predict an increased risk of functional deterioration either at the initial evaluation or during follow-up would be most useful. At the moment the diameter of the renal pelvis and especially its increase is the most useful prognostic parameter, while an "obstructed" washout at furosemide isotope renography is of limited prognostic value. Preclinical and preliminary clinical studies indicate that the measurement of molecules in the urine of affected children such as TGF-31 and MCP-1 that are involved in the signal transduction during hydronephrotic atrophy might become well accepted as useful prognostic parameters in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study we examined 41 volunteers using magnetic resonance imaging to obtain biometric data of the thigh used for a planned blockade of the sciatic nerve via the lateral approach. At a needle entry point 12 cm proximal to the gap of the knee joint at the posterior border of the M. vastus lateralis, the sciatic nerve lies on average at a depth of 5.2 cm (39% of the femoral diameter at this site) with an angle of 10.9 degrees to the horizontal in a dorsal direction. Here the popliteal artery lies on average at a depth of 6.4 cm (48% of the femoral diameter) with an angle of 4.7 degrees to the horizontal in a ventral direction. At the marked point in the middle between the gap of the knee joint and the trochanter major at the posterior border of the M. vastus lateralis, the sciatic nerve is at an average depth of 6.2 cm (40% of the femoral diameter at this site) with an angle of 8.2 degrees in a dorsal direction. At a marked point 5 cm distal of the trochanter major at the posterior border of the M. vastus lateralis, the sciatic nerve is at a depth of 9.1 cm at a dorsal angle of 15.5 degrees (49% of the femoral diameter). The lateral blockade of the sciatic nerve at different sites of the thigh is a technique which is easy to plan with the presented biometric data. The popliteal artery could be reached only at the distal puncture point using a deep puncture and an angle in the ventral direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archiv für Kriminologie is the property of Schmidt-Roemhild Verlag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archiv für Kriminologie is the property of Schmidt-Roemhild Verlag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: The vertical infraclavicular blockade of the brachial plexus (VIP) according to Kilka et al.is a technique which has gained more importance over the past years. This method distinguishes itself from other periclavicular techniques by a very low risk of pneumothorax (0.2%), which seems to be increased with asthenic patients.Methods: In the study presented we examined 52 patients undergoing a vertical infraclavicular blockade of the brachial plexus, for an alternative method to determine the puncture point. With 31 of the 52 patients, who had a small distance (<20 cm) between the landmarks jugulum and anterior process of the acromion, the puncture point was moved 0.3 cm in a lateral direction for each centimeter less than 20 cm. Additionally we determined the "finger-point", i.e. the medial margin of the anesthetist's index finger, placed in the gap between the M. deltoideus and M. pectoralis with the finger tip touching the clavicle.Results: In 54% of the patients, the "finger-point" corresponded to the measured puncture point. In 46% of the patients, these points varied by a maximum of 1 cm in the lateral or medial direction. In 53% of the patients, the plexus could be found at the measured puncture point,which applied especially to the patients with a small distance between the leading points (<20 cm) and as a consequence a lateralized puncture point. If a correction of the puncture point was necessary to find the plexus, the correction by skin movement would always be in the direction of the "finger-point".Conclusions: As a consequence, we assume that if the distance between the leading points jugulum and ventral process of acromion is smaller than 20 cm, the puncture point for a vertical infraclavicular blockade of the brachial plexus should be lateralized as described above; additionally, the "finger-point" should be determined in order to verify the puncture point and to finally give an idea of the direction, in case of a possible need for correcting the puncture point. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archiv für Psychiatrie und Nervenkrankheiten is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Ernäehrungswissenschaft is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)