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In this article, Chinese German learners’ use of the prepositions um and in is analyzed in the context of conceptual metaphor theory using the CDLK corpus and Falko corpus. The study reveals that the error rate of the preposition in is significantly higher than that of the preposition um, which is ultimately due to the differences in cultural and conceptual systems between Germany and China. Chinese German learners use the spatial and temporal meanings of the prepositions more frequently, while they use the metaphorical meanings less frequently. Furthermore, there is no clear correlation between the learning time of Chinese German learners and the number of errors. The conclusions of this study could provide insights for improvements in teaching.

Abstract Background Egg-laying performance is economically important in poultry breeding programs. Crossbreeding between indigenous and elite commercial lines to exploit heterosis has been an upward trend in traditional layer breeding for niche markets. The objective of this study was to analyse the genetic background and to estimate the heterosis of longitudinal egg-laying traits in reciprocal crosses between an indigenous Beijing-You and an elite commercial White Leghorn layer line. Egg weights were measured for the first three eggs, monthly from 28 to 76 weeks of age, and at 86 and 100 weeks of age. Egg quality traits were measured at 32, 54, 72, 86, and 100 weeks of age. Egg production traits were measured from the start of lay until 43, 72, and 100 weeks of age. Heritabilities and phenotypic and genetic correlations were estimated. Heterosis was estimated as the percentage difference of performance of a crossbred from that of the parental average. Reciprocal cross differences were estimated as the difference between the reciprocal crossbreds as a percentage of the parental average. Results Estimates of heritability of egg weights ranged from 0.29 to 0.75. Estimates of genetic correlations between egg weights at different ages ranged from 0.72 to 1.00. Estimates of heritability for cumulative egg numbers until 43, 72, and 100 weeks of age were around 0.15. Estimates of heterosis for egg weight and cumulative egg number increased with age, ranging from 1.0 to 9.0% and from 1.4 to 11.6%, respectively. From 72 to 100 weeks of age, crossbreds produced more eggs per week than the superior parent White Leghorn (3.5 eggs for White Leghorn, 3.8 and 3.9 eggs for crossbreds). Heterosis for eggshell thickness ranged from 2.7 to 6.6% when using Beijing-You as the sire breed. No significant difference between reciprocal crosses was observed for the investigated traits, except for eggshell strength at 54 weeks of age. Conclusions The heterosis was substantial for egg weight and cumulative egg number, and increased with age, suggesting that non-additive genetic effects are important in crossbreds between the indigenous and elite breeds. Generally, the crossbreds performed similar to or even outperformed the commercial White Leghorns for egg production persistency.

Goethe hat 1827 in seiner Überarbeitung des Originalmanuskripts vom Helena-Akt in Faust II das Leben, das Schicksal und die Persönlichkeit von Helena erweitert und ihr Würde und Menschlichkeit verliehen. Inzwischen befasste sich Goethe mit der Lektüre der klassischen chinesischen Literatur, was zur Schaffung von seinem Werk Chinesisches führte. Goethe stattete die klassischen Schönheiten mit einem vergleichbaren Schicksal und ähnlichen ästhetischen Eigenschaften aus wie die Helena. In seiner Rekonstruktion von Helena und den chinesischen klassischen Schönheiten schwächte Goethe deren nationale literarische Identität und betont die Universalität der Menschheit. Die Tatsache, dass der Helena-Akt schließlich zu einer ästhetischen Tragödie wird, die die allgemeine menschliche Situation widerspiegelt, ist im Wesentlichen auf die Perspektive der Weltliteratur zurückzuführen, die Goethe in seinen späteren Jahren im Zuge der Aufarbeitung des klassischen Ideals entwickelte.

Abstract Background Heterosis is routinely exploited to improve animal performance. However, heterosis and its underlying molecular mechanism for feed intake and efficiency have been rarely explored in chickens. Feed efficiency continues to be an important breeding goal trait since feed accounts for 60 to 70% of the total production costs in poultry. Here, we profiled the mRNA-lncRNA landscape of 96 samples of the hypothalamus, liver and duodenum mucosa from White Leghorn (WL), Beijing-You chicken (YY), and their reciprocal crosses (WY and YW) to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of heterosis. Results We observed negative heterosis for both feed intake and residual feed intake (RFI) in YW during the laying period from 43 to 46 weeks of age. Analysis of the global expression pattern showed that non-additivity was a major component of the inheritance of gene expression in the three tissues for YW but not for WY. The YW-specific non-additively expressed genes (YWG) and lncRNA (YWL) dominated the total number of non-additively expressed genes and lncRNA in the hypothalamus and duodenum mucosa. Enrichment analysis of YWG showed that mitochondria components and oxidation phosphorylation (OXPHOS) pathways were shared among the three tissues. The OXPHOS pathway was enriched by target genes for YWL with non-additive inheritance of expression in the liver and duodenum mucosa. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis revealed divergent co-expression modules associated with feed intake and RFI in the three tissues from WL, YW, and YY. Among the negatively related modules, the OXPHOS pathway was enriched by hub genes in the three tissues, which supports the critical role of oxidative phosphorylation. Furthermore, protein quantification of ATP5I was highly consistent with ATP5I expression in the liver, which suggests that, in crossbred YW, non-additive gene expression is down-regulated and decreases ATP production through oxidative phosphorylation, resulting in negative heterosis for feed intake and efficiency. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that non-additively expressed genes and lncRNA involved in oxidative phosphorylation in the hypothalamus, liver, and duodenum mucosa are key regulators of the negative heterosis for feed intake and RFI in layer chickens. These findings should facilitate the rational choice of suitable parents for producing crossbred chickens.

The non-destructive testing technique of pulsed thermography has been widely used in materials to detect defects due to its low cost, large detection area, and rapid implementation. After conducting experiments, data processing is often necessary to reduce the influences of noise and non-uniform backgrounds and highlight defect information. However, during the analysis, physical information is usually ignored. In addition to thermographic data analysis, numerical simulations are also popular for analytical studies based on physical information, but they don’t fully utilize the experimental data. To address this, a new method was proposed using a physics-informed neural network (PINN) for thermographic data processing. PINN combines the prediction capabilities of deep neural networks with physical laws presented as partial differential equations and boundary conditions, allowing for both experimental data and physics information to be utilized in modelling. In pulsed thermography, the heat transfer is governed by Fourier's law of heat conduction in a three-dimensional system. However, there is a lack of temperature measurements in the depth direction. The proposed method solves this problem by using collocation points generated from Latin hypercube sampling. The PINN model provides a good estimation of the backgrounds in the thermograms, and the features of surface/subsurface defects are highlighted by subtracting the estimated backgrounds from the original thermograms. In the case study, the performance of the proposed method was found to be effective.

Die früheste Rezeption des chinesischen Romans Geschichte der Drei Reiche in Deutschland lässt sich auf das Jahr 1856 datieren. In diesem Beitrag wird auf die Rezeption der Geschichte der Drei Reiche durch Schriftsteller und Sinologen in deutschsprachigen Ländern im Zeitraum von 1856 bis 1940 eingegangen. Durch eine Einteilung der Rezeption in drei Epochen kommt der Beitrag schließlich zu dem Ergebnis, dass die Rezeption des Romans Geschichte der Drei Reiche in deutschsprachigen Ländern von den politischen und kulturellen Kontexten verschiedener historischer Epochen geprägt war. Die Gemeinschaft der deutschen Übersetzer haben einen bemerkenswerten Beitrag zur Verbreitung und Rezeption des Romans in Deutschland geleistet und eine positive und aktive Rolle gespielt, um die kulturelle Interaktion und das gegenseitige Verständnis zwischen China und Deutschland zu fördern.

The usefulness of theory in interpreter training is widely recognized. Yet descriptive studies on which theories are used and how they are pedagogically treated in training are scant. This study aims at investigating which theories are covered and how they are pedagogically treated in interpreting textbooks. Content analysis was used to code 58 interpreting textbooks against a theory category framework for coverage. The results indicate that 14 theories and 33 categories of insights from the literature are covered in the textbooks. The two most popular theories are the Effort Model and Interpretive Theory, while the highly covered categories of insights from the literature concern the component skills of interpreting. Textbooks that cover the two most popular theories were coded against a pedagogical treatment framework. The results suggest that, although the theories are adequately treated in language presentation and information amount, they are poorly discussed in relation to practice, indicating that the textbooks fail to create situations for students to construct meaningful knowledge of theories from their own interpreting experiences, which is close to a transmissionist approach. Possible reasons for the two theories’ popularity and the impact of a transmissionist approach are discussed against the current literature.

Heterogeneous catalysis has long been a workhorse for the chemical industry and will likely play a key role in the emerging area of renewable chemistry. However, renewable molecule streams pose unique challenges for heterogeneous catalysis due to their high oxygen content, frequent low volatility and the near constant presence of water. These constraints can often lead to the need for catalyst operation in harsh liquid phase conditions, which has compounded traditional catalyst deactivation issues. Oxygenated molecules are also frequently more reactive than petroleum-derived molecules, which creates a need for highly selective catalysts. Synthetic control over the nanostructured environment of catalytic active sites could facilitate the creation of both more stable and selective catalysts. In this review, we discuss the use of metal oxide deposition as an emerging strategy that can be used to synthesize and/or modify heterogeneous catalysts to introduce tailored nanostructures. Several important applications are reviewed, including the synthesis of high surface area mesoporous metal oxides, the enhancement of catalyst stability, and the improvement of catalyst selectivity.

A total of 843 college students in Guangdong University of Foreign Studies were investigated using a social support evaluation scale, a resilience scale, and a life satisfaction evaluation scale. Results were analyzed using IBM® SPSS 21.0® and Amos 17.0. It was shown that there existed a positive correlation respectively among resilience, social support and life satisfaction. Social support predicted resilience positively and resilience partially mediated the association between social support and life satisfaction. Finally, resilience moderated the association between social support and life satisfaction; the higher the resilience level, the more significant the positive predictive effect of social support on life satisfaction. College students' life satisfaction is closely related to social support and resilience; resilience partially plays a mediating and moderating role between social support and life satisfaction.

Die Minimierung von Chlorat bei der elektrolytischen Gießwasserdesinfektion ist aufgrund problematischer Chloratrückstände in pflanzlichen Lebensmitteln von Bedeutung. Im Hinblick auf verfahrenstechnische Optimierungsvorschläge wurde daher am Beispiel einer Salzelektrolyseanlage (Einkammersystem) geprüft, wie viel Chlorat beim Herstellungsprozess des Desinfektionsmittels entsteht und wie sich dessen Anteil bei einer Lagerung unter warmen Temperaturbedingungen im Gewächshaus verändert. Zudem wurde untersucht, wie sich der Pflanzendünger Ammonium auf das Desinfektionsmittel auswirkt. Dabei ergab sich, dass die Chloratbildung durch eine Kühlung des Elektrolysereaktors sowie des Desinfektionsmitteltanks und durch ein zur Kurzzeitlagerung ausgelegtes Bevorratungssystem von Desinfektionsmittel minimiert werden könnte. Ferner wurde bestätigt, dass Ammonium den Desinfektionsmittelverbrauch bzw. Chlorateintrag deutlich erhöht. Daher empfiehlt sich eine sensorbasierte Dosierung, um sich ändernde chemische Vorgänge im Gießwasser (Chlorzehrung) zu berücksichtigen.

The goal of this paper is to test whether changes in the marketing margin betweenthe farm and the retail prices can result in an asymmetric relationship between the farm and the retail prices in the rice market of Taiwan. By separating the transaction cost variation into two regimes, this paper utilizes a two-regime TVECM with the error correction term serving as the threshold variable to create a non-linear threshold model. The empirical results show that when the marketing margin is lower than the threshold value, the market system operates freely and there is feedback between the farm and retail prices. However, when the marketing margin is higher than the threshold value, the government intervenes in the market and the causality between the farm and retail prices no longer exists. The conclusions are as follows. Changes in the marketing margin can cause the asymmetric price transmission between the farm and retail prices in Taiwan’s rice markets; therefore, ignoring the effect of the marketing margin could lead to errors in the models. When the marketing margin is higher than the threshold value, the government intervenes in the market and the causality between the two prices is broken.

Die Diterpensynthase AfAS wurde aus Aspergillus fumigatiaffinis identifiziert. Ihre Aminosäuresequenz und – einem Strukturmodell zufolge – die Architektur des aktiven Zentrums sind denen der Fusicocca‐2,10(14)‐dien‐Synthase PaFS sehr ähnlich, AfAS produziert jedoch ein strukturell viel komplexeres Diterpen mit einem neuartigen 6–5–5–5 tetracyclischen Gerüst namens Asperfumen. Der Cyclisierungsmechanismus von AfAS wurde durch Isotopenmarkierungsexperimente und DFT‐Rechnungen aufgeklärt. Die Reaktionskaskade verläuft in ihren ersten Schritten über ähnliche Intermediate wie die PaFS‐Kaskade, divergiert dann aber durch einen ungewöhnlichen vicinalen Deprotonierungs‐Reprotonierungsprozess, der eine Skelettumlagerung am Startpunkt der Stufen auslöst, die zum einzigartigen Asperfumen‐Gerüst führen. Das Strukturmodell zeigte nur einen wesentlichen Unterschied zwischen den aktiven Zentren: Der PaFS‐Rest F65 ist in AfAS durch I65 ersetzt. Interessanterweise zeigten ortsspezifische Mutageneseexperimente mit beiden Diterpensynthasen, dass Position 65 als bidirektionaler funktioneller Schalter für die Biosynthese von tetracyclischem Asperfumen im Vergleich zu strukturell weniger komplexen Diterpenen dient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Es wird über eine kupferkatalysierte C4‐selektive Addition von Siliciumnukleophilen (ausgehend von einem Si−B‐Reagenz) an prochirale Pyridiniumtriflate berichtet. Die Dearomatisierung verläuft unter Verwendung von Cu(CH3CN)4PF6 als Präkatalysator und (R,R)‐Ph‐BPE (1,2‐Bis[(2R,5R)‐2,5‐diphenylphospholan‐1‐yl]ethan) als chiraler Ligand mit hervorragender Enantioselektivität. Eine Carbonylgruppe an C3 ist dafür erforderlich, vermutlich in der Rolle einer schwachen Donorgruppe, die den nukleophilen Angriff präorganisiert und in Richtung C4 lenkt. Die sich ergebenden 4‐silylierten 1,4‐Dihydropyridine können anschließend in funktionalisierte Piperidinderivate überführt werden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The book "German as a Foreign Language: An Introduction" by Dietmar Rösler has been published in a revised edition. The new edition takes into account changes in the areas of technology, immigration, and online learning that have affected the field of German as a foreign and second language. The book covers topics such as the use of digital media in the process of learning German, the gender debate, and the needs of specific learner groups. It also emphasizes the importance of research methodology and the selection of teaching content in the context of globalization and migration. Various aspects of the field of German as a foreign language are presented, with particular emphasis on clear language. It is emphasized that there is no universal teaching method and that decisions in the classroom should be tailored to the needs of the learners. Other relevant aspects of language learning and teaching are also addressed, such as teaching and learning methods, skills, error treatment, and the integration of literary texts. It is emphasized that learning a foreign language is closely related to engaging with a foreign culture. It is noted that the integration of digital learning is not yet sufficiently discussed in this introduction and that the integration of artificial intelligence and natural language processing brings opportunities and challenges for foreign language teaching. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Revista de Lengua para Fines Específicos is the property of Revista de Lengua para Fines Especificos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Background Enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) play a crucial role in transcriptional regulation. While significant progress has been made in understanding epigenetic regulation mediated by eRNAs, research on the construction of eRNA-mediated gene regulatory networks (eGRN) and the identification of critical network components that influence complex traits is lacking. Results Here, employing the pig as a model, we conducted a comprehensive study using H3K27ac histone ChIP-seq and RNA-seq data to construct eRNA expression profiles from multiple tissues of two distinct pig breeds, namely Enshi Black (ES) and Duroc. In addition to revealing the regulatory landscape of eRNAs at the tissue level, we developed an innovative network construction and refinement method by integrating RNA-seq, ChIP-seq, genome-wide association study (GWAS) signals and enhancer-modulating effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) measured by self-transcribing active regulatory region sequencing (STARR-seq) experiments. Using this approach, we unraveled eGRN that significantly influence the growth and development of muscle and fat tissues, and identified several novel genes that affect adipocyte differentiation in a cell line model. Conclusions Our work not only provides novel insights into the genetic basis of economic pig traits, but also offers a generalizable approach to elucidate the eRNA-mediated transcriptional regulation underlying a wide spectrum of complex traits for diverse organisms.

Green and low-carbon development is considered a panacea for corporate sustainability. As an essential tool for enterprises to demonstrate their environmental responsibility to stakeholders, carbon disclosure is a key component of green and low-carbon development. Nevertheless, whether carbon disclosure enhances carbon performance remains a contentious issue. This study explored the relationship between carbon disclosure and carbon performance using China' s high-polluting enterprises from 2016 to 2019 and analyzed the mechanism of carbon disclosure on carbon performance using a mediating model with green technological and operational innovation as mediating variables. These mechanisms were further examined from the perspective of corporate heterogeneity, including size, growth, and property. The results showed that: (J) Carbon disclosure by China' s high-polluting corporations had a governance effect and could be effective in improving carbon performance. © Green innovation, including green technology and operational innovation, was an important pathway through which corporate carbon disclosure affected carbon performance, and it had a partially mediating effect. Corporate carbon disclosure could lead to green technology and operational innovation, which in turn could improve carbon performance. © Large enterprises were significantly better positioned than small and medium-sized enterprises to improve their carbon performance by disclosing carbon emissions to induce green technology and operational innovation. ® The reduction in corporate growth enhanced the mediating effect of green technology and operational innovation, which in turn promoted the positive impact of carbon disclosure on carbon performance. © Non -state-owned enterprises were more inclined than state-owned enterprises to improve their carbon performance by developing green technology and operational innovation using carbon disclosure. Enterprises should strengthen their carbon disclosure management by insisting on the principles of timeliness, comparability, and quantification. Governments should establish a carbon disclosure rating system, regulate the content, methods, and standards of carbon disclosure, and improve the green innovation protection mechanism to guide the rational allocation of resources in the field of green innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Alman Dili ve Edebiyati Dergisi / Studien zur Deutschen Sprache & Literatur is the property of Alman Dili ve Edebiyall Dergisi / Studien Zur Deutschen Sprahe und Literatilr and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of German Language & Literature / Istanbul Üniversitesi Alman Dili ve Edebiyai Dergisi / Studien zur Deutschen Sprache und Literatur is the property of Istanbul University, Faculty of Letters and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)