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Copyright of Der Orthopäde is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Langenbecks Archiv fuer Chirurgie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Uveal effusion can lead to anterior swelling of the choroid up to angle-closure glaucoma. This article reports the case of a 57-year-old male patient who presented with headache, vertigo and bilaterally reduced visual acuity. The examination showed a myopic shift and angle-closure glaucoma caused by uveal effusion. The medical history revealed that 3 days before the appearance of the symptoms, treatment with chlorthalidone was added to the antihypertensive medication. After discontinuation of the chlorthalidone intake the uveal effusion and its concomitant symptoms disappeared without residues.

In this paper we wish to outline both the function and the role of projects as part of a course in "Nursing Education" (Pflegepädagogik) at the Fachhochschule Münster, as well as to present a specific project which has enabled the students to gain experience in project management and qualitative research. The project target group were visually handicapped old people for whom a guide was produced as a health promotion strategy within the framework of governmental health objectives in the state of Northrhine-Westfalia.

After coagulation of the iris of pigmented rabbits with argon laser, the protein concentration of the aqueous humour was measured at different times. An initial increase of the protein concentration was found both after low and high intensity coagulation. Already 5 hours later the protein concentration was again low and no further increase could be observed within 28 days. The contralateral untreated eye showed a lower but significant response. High intensity coagulation lead to a more severe reaction.

Eighteen arterial reconstructions after trauma in the region of the knee joint were performed between 1970 and 1976. In seven cases there had been fracture of the distal femur, in five of the head of the tibia, in three dislocation of the knee joint or severe contusion of the popliteal artery. In 12 cases referral had been eight hours or later after injury. The concomitant vessel injury was not recognised in six. Vascular reconstruction by direct suture with a venous patch was performed in eight, interposition of a venous autograft in five, and saphenous vein bypass in four. Results depended upon length of ischaemia time and the level of the vascular injuries. Complete restitution to normal was achieved in only two cases, while in the remaining 12 there were defects of motor and sensory function as seen in the post-ischaemia syndrome. In four cases above-knee amputation was necessary despite successful reconstruction of the artery because there was irreversible ischaemic damage with tissue necrosis. To improve these results careful examination of blood vessels and, in questionable cases, angiography is recommended for every trauma victim.

By insertion of a paraboloid condenser and junction of a usual camera body the cytopherometer was modified to enable an objective evaluation and photographic documentation of the electrophoretic mobility test. The investigation of 25 patients suffering from gynecological cancer and of a control group of the same number using this modified cytopherometer demonstrated a similar rate of false results as achieved by usual timing (28% false, positive or negative, 12% valued ambiguous). In comparison with the timing by a stopwatch the standard deviations of individual photographic measurements were significantly higher (p less than 0,001), whereas no significant difference between the mean mobility indices of the two groups could be calculated (mean mobility index of 25 cancer patients: -7.2 +/- 11.7; mean mobility index of 25 control patients: -3.4 +/- 10.6). In addition the optical modification of the cytopherometer enables a particular analysis of cell movements and their disorders which are reported in detail. According to these observations the qualification of the cytopherometer for immunodiagnosis of cancer is valued doubtful.

The addition of a continuous Flow System to the circuit of a volume cycled respirator results in an additional IMV option and shows excellent performance for this purpose. The insertion of a bacterial filter into this modified circuit resulted in a dangerous increase of airway pressures after 54 "running hours" for that filter. Test series revealed an insufficient air transmission through the filter, caused by the water vapour-saturated inspiratory gas mixture, which is necessary in long term ventilation. Furthermore it was demonstrated that wet bacterial filters cause malfunction of SIMV systems due to interference with the demand valve responsible for proper air supply. The routine use of a bacterial filter placed in the expiratory branch results in higher risks in an already risky artificial ventilation system and use-nonuse relationships seem to be questionable.

208 gallstones were collected in sequence and subjected to chemical analysis. Only 10.6% of these stones turned out to be purely composed by cholesterol and only these can be considered to be suited for therapy with chenodesoxycholic acid (CDC). Gallstones composed exclusively by cholesterol cannot be identified in vivo; therapy with CDS has to be followed closely by multiple X-ray and laboratory examinations; in addition there are many relapses after therapy with CDC. For these reasons we still tend to prefer surgery as the therapy of choice in gallstone disease.

In a consecutive series of 150 fractures treated surgically 16 wound infections were observed. Evaluating the intraoperative wound swabs, type and localisation of the fractures, duration of operation and tourniquet time it was tried retrospectively to find a relationship to these posttraumatic wound infections. The highest rate of infection was found in fractures of the tibia. Open fractures had a higher risk than closed ones. Furthermore, a prolonged duration of operation was related to a rising risk of infection. The intraoperative wound swabs themselves did not allow any conclusion concerning the risk of postoperative infection. Postoperative wound infections appeared nearly as frequent after negative as after positive intraoperative swab. Only the species of bacterias found intraoperatively allowed a conclusion concerning subsequent wound infection so far that after an intraoperative finding of gram-negative bacterias and - surprisingly - apathogenic sporogenic bacterias postoperative wound infections were observed more frequently than after finding other bacterias. In summary, however, the routine intraoperative wound swab does not seem to be suitable as a sreening-test for early recognation of impending postoperative wound infections.

The electrophoretic mobility test (EMT), modified only slightly, was applied to a group of 25 patients suffering from gynecological cancer as well as to a control group of the same number. On an average, cancer patients demonstrated an inhibition of 5.5%, control patients an inhibition of 2.3%. These mean values near the discrimination border are caused in 14 false (positive or negative) results and in further 8 results valued ambiguous at inhibition quotes between 3 and 5%. Neither methodological nor casuistical analyses yielded clear conclusions about the reasons of recurrent test failures. Therefore, the manner of measurement becomes more interesting for us as more as this method does not include objectivity and precise documentation of the physical proceedings in a sufficient range. At least, we refer to an alternative method of measurement equalizing these problems by photographical documentation.

Short duplications of the stem forming an island where the artery crosses it have been described as isolated variants of the v. iliaca communis. V. iliaca externa and interna opening into the vena cava separately and a femoral vein opening into the ipselateral internal iliac vein are isolated observations of irregular junctions. An observation of duplication of the v. iliaca externa and to some extent also of the v. iliaca communis with concomitant duplication of the v. femoralis is reported, one of the two iliac venous trunks taking a course ventral to the external and common iliac arteries. These numerical abnormalities in combination with the irregular position of the v. iliaca externa and partly also of the common iliac vein are observed here for the first time.