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In this study is reported on 401 transvaginal sonographic examinations in first trimenon of pregnancy. There were interpreted biometrical and functional findings. With 5 weeks p.m., chorion cavity can be identified by a transvaginal scan probe reaching a diameter of 3-8 mm. The vital embryo is recognized by its cardiac action with a embryonic length of 3 mm at the end of 6 weeks post menstruation. Thus with transvaginal sonography, details of embryonic development in the first trimester are visible 1-2 weeks earlier than with abdominal ultrasound examination. It is possible to estimate embryonic and trophoblastic structures of early gestation and to recognize non-viable early pregnancies.

In a program of in vitro fertilization, laparoscopies for oocyte aspiration were performed on 35 patients receiving human pituitary gonadotropin (hPG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Of the 122 preovulatory oocytes which were recovered from these patients, 44 (36%) were fertilized and cleaved, and were transferred. 144 immature oocytes were collected, and attempts were made to mature these in vitro. 40 oocytes (28%) could be fertilized and cleaved, and were transferred. Eight pregnancies resulted from 32 embryo transfers (25%), and 22,9% from laparoscopies, respectively. Of the eight pregnancies, there were three preclinical abortions and two clinical abortions, and three patients are well along in the pregnancy. Among the three patients there is one twin pregnancy.

A new method for gamete intra fallopian transfer is described by which the tubes can be catheterised via vagina, through the endometrial cavity, in order to place gametes directly to the ampullary portion of the fallopian tube without the need for an operation or anaesthesia. In a first series two clinical pregnancies resulted from 8 transuterine transfers.

From March to May 1987 41 sonographically guided follicular punctures have been performed vaginally. Altogether 208 follicles were aspirated and 149 oocytes (71.7%) could be found. No complications like of bleeding or pelvic inflammatory disease have been observed after puncture. The sonographically guided aspiration technique has proved to possess several advantages in respect of its applicability.