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Based on current initiatives to promote literacy in several Central and Eastern European minority languages, the present article provides a reflective overview of a range of pointers that these case studies could potentially offer for Trinidad English Creole, a creole language spoken widely in the Caribbean twin-island nation of Trinidad & Tobago but which does not have official status in that jurisdiction. Though the case study may at first seem unusual, the article justifies the selection by briefly comparing and contrasting the relevant historical factors which have influenced the modern-day usage of several minority languages in Central and East Europe with the situation regarding Trinidad English Creole, drawing attention to shared factors such as the prevalence of language contact, diglossia, and sociocultural domination by external influences. After sketching the current state of the art regarding the usage and the wider (lack of) recognition of Trinidad English Creole, the study then outlines the chosen methodological approach, which is qualitative and desk-based in purview, and linking it to the author’s existing research studies which have centred on these themes and geographical areas. Subsequently, taking the Central and East European context as a point of departure, the study then outlines the different potential pointers which could lead to the promotion of greater literacy in Trinidad English Creole, noting that up until now the focus of governmental and educational efforts has coalesced around encouraging the uptake of Spanish as an additional language in Trinidad & Tobago. In observing changing attitudes to creole languages in the wider English-speaking Caribbean, the first point centres around awareness- raising, advocating for the existence of a specialist university-based institution to promote the research and academic study of Trinidad English Creole, thus emulating examples taken from other minority languages in Central and Eastern Europe such as Rusyn, South Estonian, and Kashubian. The second point relates to the potential development of intensive training courses (of several months’ duration) for Trinidad English Creole which could incorporate a literacy-based component. In presenting the Central and East European context, it gives a cursory overview of the possibilities for such courses, profiling the recent addition of specialised long-term courses designed to promote the uptake and spread of Lower Sorbian, whilst acknowledging the success of such programmes for Breton. In addition, similarly to the case of other Central and East European minority languages, such schemes could also encourage the production of necessary and relevant pedagogical materials to study, learn, and teach Trinidad English Creole in an effective and sustainable manner. Linked to the previous one, the third point relates to the potential development of language certification schemes for Trinidad English Creole, noting the existence of similar schemes for Upper Sorbian and Lower Sorbian. It also draws attention to the myriad other factors which are involved in creating and developing training programmes, including the potential viability and prospects of such initiatives.

The Ujamaa Centre for Community Development and Research, through the work of Sithembiso Zwane, has theorised a continuum of contested space, including invited space (controlled by dominant sectors), invigorated space (whereby marginalised sectors contend for space within invited space) and invented space (as marginalised sectors transform these spaces into space they control). In this article, we extend our conceptualisation of contested space to the biblical text itself, recognising within biblical text these three forms of space, both in terms of socio-historical text and narrative text. We use the book of Ruth as our biblical text, recognising, first, the production of the canonical text as a contestation of space, following the hermeneutic of Itumeleng Mosala by working backwards away from the canonical form towards marginalised textual remnant voices and second, that literary-narrative setting within the book of Ruth can be read as a contestation of space. Socio-historically, we argue that the canonical text co-opts marginalised textual voices (in terms of gender, sexuality, ethnicity, and economics). Narratologically, we argue that the Ruth narrative includes traces of both socio-historical contestation and narrative contestation of space through Ruth’s struggle for invented space. Alongside this focus on the biblical text, we reflect on how the Ujamaa Centre’s community-based work might use these resources for re-reading Ruth with local Southern African communities (in both South Africa and Mozambique) struggling for redemptive invented space in the intersection of gender, sexuality, ethnicity and economics.

Set in an unidentified country but ostensibly charting his own experiences during the time of the Holocaust, Jerzy Kosinski’s harrowing 1965 novel The Painted Bird has been translated and disseminated across the world. Of the over two dozen tongues that Kosinski’s best-known work has appeared in (aside from its original English), Kosinski’s Novel The Painted Bird in Thirteen Languages presents detailed scholarly analyses of the translations into selected Slavic (Polish, Russian, Serbian/Croatian, Ukrainian), Germanic (German, Norwegian), and Romance (French, Romanian, Spanish) languages, as well as Greek and Persian.

Set in an unidentified country but ostensibly charting his own experiences during the time of the Holocaust, Jerzy Kosinski’s harrowing 1965 novel The Painted Bird has been translated and disseminated across the world. Of the over two dozen tongues that Kosinski’s best-known work has appeared in (aside from its original English), Kosinski’s Novel The Painted Bird in Thirteen Languages presents detailed scholarly analyses of the translations into selected Slavic (Polish, Russian, Serbian/Croatian, Ukrainian), Germanic (German, Norwegian), and Romance (French, Romanian, Spanish) languages, as well as Greek and Persian.

This article offers an overview of the visibility of smaller literatures in two prominent British literary translation awards: the Oxford-Weidenfeld Prize and the Warwick Prize for Women in Translation. In contextualizing this exploratory study through a brief recapitulation of the concept of smaller literatures within broader notions of world literature, attention is also paid to the increasing popularity of scholarship on translation prizes, before the British literary translation scene is presented and summarized. After outlining the form, scope, and stated aims of the two prizes, the methodology of the study is introduced, together with any possible limitations. Subsequently, and adopting a literature-based approach, the relevant websites for both awards are scrutinized to obtain the necessary data. This is then analysed and discussed, with the aim of ascertaining the extent to which smaller literatures can be said to be present in the two prizes. Finally, some preliminary conclusions and suggestions for further research on the subject are outlined.

Dynamic cooling control process on the run-out table (ROT) in a hot strip mill (HSM) is an important step to achieve the hot-rolled steel product quality required by customers. The measurements of strip temperature and the amount of transformed phase on the ROT are complementary to each other for the tracking of the material state of the strip during the cooling process. Infrared pyrometers have been widely used for the measurement of strip temperatures, while commercial systems for inline measurement of steel’s phase transformation only became available in recent years. Since 2015, a Transformation Monitor sensor system using EMSpec Technology has been deployed on the ROT of the HSM#2 at Tata Steel in the Netherlands for inline measurement of phase transformation. This paper presents use case studies of the Transformation Monitor. It will demonstrate the advantages of in-situ real time measurement of phase transformation, not only to reveal the internal microstructure of steel strips but also to measure the evolution of transformation–time trajectory on the run-out cooling table, as a complimentary measurement to pyrometer-based surface temperature measurement.

Weight savings in mobility and transport are mandatory in order to reduce CO 2 emissions and energy consumption. The steel industry offers weight saving solutions by a growing portfolio of Advanced High Strength Steel (AHSS) products. AHSS owe their strength to their largely refined and complex microstructures, containing multiple metallurgical phases. Optimal control of the thermo-mechanical processing of AHSS requires inline sensors for real-time monitoring of evolution and consistency of microstructure and material properties. To coordinate and accelerate European development activities in this domain, the project ”Online Microstructure Analytics (OMA)” was established in 2019, constituting of a consortium of 14 specialised research organisations. The EU-funded OMA project, with a total budget exceeding 6 MEU, focuses on inline sensing techniques to monitor the consistency and homogeneity of microstructure, texture and mechanical properties for automotive steels and in particular for AHSS.

This article reflects on the socio-economic and tribal dimensions of both 3 Reigns 12:24p-t and the post-1994 South African transition. Mahmood Mamdani’s recent book, Neither Settler nor Native, provides an analysis of political decolonisation in post-apartheid South Africa, in which he identifies two areas of failure within the significant gains made during South Africa’s transition from apartheid to democracy—socio-economic justice and tribalisation. These two areas are the unfinished business of our substantive decolonisation of the political. In this article, I use Mamdani’s analysis as an exegetical dialogue partner, probing the socio-economic and tribal dimensions of 3 Reigns 12:24p-t and identifying this text as a proto-tribal text which documents the emergence of tribal economics. Methodologically, this article establishes a to-and-fro tripolar movement between the contemporary South African context and the biblical text. https://doi.org/10.17159/2312-3621/2023/v36n1a7

L’intervista ripercorre la formazione, la carriera accademica, i rapporti con la comunità scientifica internazionale, i principali temi che caratterizzano l’ampia produzione storiografica di Chris Wickham, nonché il suo impegno politico e le sue esperienze nel campo della valutazione della ricerca e dell’editoria scientifica.

This introductory essay consists of two parts. The first is a contextualisation of the overall pur- pose of the monographic section, as well as a general summary of the questions, issues and themes which we were proposing to debate. The second part is an Appendix, which sets out the guidelines of the database MedItaNunC, which supported some of the research, and now provides not only a large percentage of the source material, but also a methodology about the connections which can be made through the information brought together. The essay looks at the historiography of the subject, including the recent wealth of research published from the perspective of gender studies in this area, and the way in which the Italian material fits into it. It also explains the chosen chronology, and the geographical spread used in the volume, and the important input of archaeology, which has helped propose new questions. Lastly, it sets out the three core themes which run through the other papers in the volume: the links between female monasteries and the city elites, the history of the monasteries concerned in the light of both their foundation and hagiographical myths, their material culture, and their ideological place in the cityscape, and finally, the attempt to identify the difference, if any, between female and male monastic houses. It is hoped that the collection will provide a first panorama of female monasticism across the multiplicity of Italian political and cultural landscape.

This Monographic Section proposes to study female monasteries in Italy in the period 700 to 1100, focusing on comparing and contrasting those in cities covering northern, central and southern Italy (Brescia, Venice, Verona, Ravenna, Rome, Benevento and Naples). Key elements of this comparison are the links of nuns and abbesses with the most powerful royal and aristocratic families in the area, and the way in which these contributed to the power and wealth of the relative houses. Examining these, as well as the role of the nuns in the memorialisation and representation of these families through prayers, relics, and patrimonies, will also lead to a comparison between various monastic traditions (Lombard, Frankish Carolingian, post Byzantine, Roman) in different areas, and to the identification of specific features of these in their associations with the contemporary elites.

Die Wissensgesellschaft bringt neue Herausforderungen und Möglichkeiten für Städte mit sich und verändert Stadtentwicklungsprozesse. Für eine umfassende wissenschaftliche Begleitung dieses Wandels werden neue Formate inter- und transdisziplinärer Forschungsarbeit notwendig, die es ermöglichen, relevante Akteure der Stadtentwicklung einzubinden sowie gleichzeitig nachhaltige Prozesse urbaner Transformation ergebnisoffen in Gang zu setzen. Das Reallabor „Urban Office – Nachhaltige Stadtentwicklung in der Wissensgesellschaft“ erweitert deshalb etablierte, an Beobachtung orientierte Positionen der Forschung. Dies geschieht mit Hilfe von vier konkreten städtebaulichen Vorhaben (Praxisprojekte), anhand derer ForscherInnen verschiedener Disziplinen co-produktiv mit Praxisakteuren Forschungs-, Governance- und Planungsprozesse auf Augenhöhe anstoßen. Von zentraler Bedeutung für ein erfolgreiches Agieren ist die Entwicklung neuer Kommunikations- und Forschungsformate, die die Stadtverwaltung, die Internationale Bauausstellung Heidelberg (IBA), BürgerInnen sowie weitere PraxispartnerInnen in den Prozess des Co-Design integrieren und das „Urban Office“ zum Ort von Reflexion und „Co-Produktion von Wissen“ und somit selbst zum Teil des „Experiments“ werden lassen.

Historians often consider the year 888 to have marked the effective end of the Carolingian empire established by Charlemagne. This paper explores the issue from the perspective of a contemporary author, the monk Abbo of Saint-Germain des Prés. Abbo is today best known for his poem about the Viking sieges of Paris, but he later also compiled a fascinating and rather overlooked set of sermons. Taken together, these texts offer an insight into contemporary responses to the “crisis” that followed the deposition and death of Emperor Charles the Fat.

Children's early development of demonstrative use emanates directly from indexical gestures, namely, eye gaze, pointing, prehensile reaching, and giving exchanges. These indexical gestures become social in that they are joint attentional, and mark the inception of deictic use. Although children's deictic use draws upon index as a directional and social phenomenon, early uses of index alone do not deliver any semantic/lexical/symbolic determinants to the mix. The distinctive premise here is that deictics, especially demonstratives, are not merely social, but symbolic from a Peircian perspective, especially in light of developmental findings (West 1986, 1987, 2010; Tanz 2009) indicating an acquisitional pattern of non-contrastive to contrastive uses of "this" and "that" from 3;0–4;9. While initial non-contrastive uses of demonstratives are directional and/or social, contrastive use after 3;0 requires apprehension of symbolic role taking/role shifting. In addition to delivering the indexical and/or social, deictic indicators must implicitly refer to a class (Nunberg 1993, 1995), e.g., near/far objects from speaker's perspective in the case of demonstratives, and must ultimately have the potential to contrast objects/places with respect to distinctive points of orientation. These components together illustrate how mastery of deictic indicators is both a socio-pragmatic and semantic enterprise. In addition to indexing objects and securing joint attention with gesture, deixis requires semiotic and semantically based orientational competencies to shift perspectives and speech situation roles.

Children's early development of demonstrative use emanates directly from indexical gestures, namely, eye gaze, pointing, prehensile reaching, and giving exchanges. These indexical gestures become social in that they are joint attentional, and mark the inception of deictic use. Although children's deictic use draws upon index as a directional and social phenomenon, early uses of index alone do not deliver any semantic/lexical/symbolic determinants to the mix. The distinctive premise here is that deictics, especially demonstratives, are not merely social, but symbolic from a Peircian perspective, especially in light of developmental findings (West 1986, 1987, 2010; Tanz 2009) indicating an acquisitional pattern of non-contrastive to contrastive uses of "this" and "that" from 3;0–4;9. While initial non-contrastive uses of demonstratives are directional and/or social, contrastive use after 3;0 requires apprehension of symbolic role taking/role shifting. In addition to delivering the indexical and/or social, deictic indicators must implicitly refer to a class (Nunberg 1993, 1995), e.g., near/far objects from speaker's perspective in the case of demonstratives, and must ultimately have the potential to contrast objects/places with respect to distinctive points of orientation. These components together illustrate how mastery of deictic indicators is both a socio-pragmatic and semantic enterprise. In addition to indexing objects and securing joint attention with gesture, deixis requires semiotic and semantically based orientational competencies to shift perspectives and speech situation roles.