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Die Restitution nationalsozialistischer Raubkunst beschäftigt uns seit Jahrzehnten. Entgegen vieler Stimmen aus dem öffentlichen Recht liegen gegenwärtig im Feld der Restitution nationalsozialistischer Raubkunst die größten versöhnungspolitischen Chancen nicht darin, ein „Restitutionsgesetz“ anzustreben, sondern vielmehr darin, die bestehenden Möglichkeiten „privatautonomer“ Streitbeilegung durch Errichtung einer Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit auszuschöpfen.

Abstract Background Global warming has increased the frequency of heat stress in livestock. Although heat stress directly leads to negative effects on production and reproduction traits in dairy cattle, the transgenerational transition of these changes is poorly understood. We hypothesized that heat stress in pregnant cows might induce epigenetic modifications in the developing embryo germ cells, which, in turn, might lead to phenotypic effects in the offspring. Here, we examined whether transgenerational effects of heat stress contribute to the phenotypic expression of economic traits in Israel dairy cattle. Since heat stress in Israel occurs specifically between June and October, first we examined the association of the month of birth of F1 cows (pregnancy of the F0 dam) with the performance of the F2 and F3 female offspring. Then, we calculated an annual heat stress index and examined the association of the heat stress index during the pregnancy of the F0 dam with the performance of her F2 and F3 offspring. Finally, we examined intergenerational interactions of heat stress by comparing the performance of F3 cows according to the pregnancy seasons of the F0 and F1 animals. Results We found a significant association of the month of birth, season of pregnancy, and heat stress index of F0 females, with the performance of their F2 and F3 progenies, which suggests a true transgenerational effect. The most significant transgenerational effects were on fat yield and concentration, dystocia, still-birth, and maturation. Conclusions These findings suggest that heat stress during pregnancy affects the performance of offspring, regardless of life circumstances in at least the last three generations. Therefore, heat stress can reduce selection efficiency in breeding programs and may have economic significance in livestock.

Resumo A internacionalização da educação superior é uma marca das universidades no mundo contemporâneo. Nesse processo, programas voltados à mobilidade acadêmica recebem centralidade, representando a faceta mais visível da internacionalização. O presente artigo analisa a mobilidade acadêmica de estudantes oriundos do ensino médio público no âmbito do programa Ciência sem Fronteiras, trazendo para a discussão o acesso ao programa, a experiência internacional e os projetos de futuro. A pesquisa foi conduzida em uma universidade pública da Região Centro-Oeste e consistiu na aplicação de dois surveys e na realização de grupos de discussão que foram analisados à luz do Método Documentário. Com base nos resultados, identificamos que a origem social e o capital escolar são dimensões que podem dificultar ou privar o acesso de estudantes de classes menos favorecidas em programas de mobilidade estudantil. Quando as barreiras são rompidas, as contribuições da experiência internacional ultrapassam os ganhos acadêmicos, possibilitando a abertura para novos projetos de futuro, tanto no campo pessoal quanto profissional.

Historical research involving the schism within the German Baptist Brethren Church in the 1880s has only been found within broad, general histories of the church. The explanations given by historians relating to the cause of the split have previously centered on individuals and the church publications between 1850 and 1883, and on contemporaries who argued among themselves about whether to adopt practices common among surrounding American religions and society. No known project has focused directly on the content within the publications as it relates to the way these brethren used the Bible and other religious and spiritual rhetoric to substantiate their arguments on either side. My research focused on Brethren periodicals printed between about 1850 and 1880. I selected four of the most prominent papers of the period: the Gospel Visitor, the Christian Family Companion, The Vindicator, and the Progressive Christian. Each of these periodicals contained arguments for or against adopting practices not previously accepted within the church. Within their pages I found that every argument, for or against a particular practice, was based on scriptural interpretation or other religious commentary used to persuade readers. [Abstract by author]

Rising average temperatures and the increased occurrence of heat islands increase the vulnerability of urban society in Halle (Saale) and Mannheim as well. Dealing with the associated challenges requires not only locally adapted strategies, but in particular an interdepartmental approach and the participatory involvement of those affected. Real laboratories in both cities open up the possibility of testing this in a transformative process. The aim here is, among other things, to learn with and from each other and to generate new knowledge to address the urgent issues. This article discusses the opportunities and challenges that real laboratories are confronted with in terms of knowledge already in the discovery phase and what needs to be taken into account to support this process in the best possible way.

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Bisher ist wenig über den Einsatz von Navigationssoftware durch landwirtschaftliche Lohnunternehmen bekannt. Daher wurde, basierend auf einer Online-Umfrage bei 134 deutschen Lohnunternehmen, das Technologieakzeptanzmodell (TAM) erstmals auf die Nutzung von Navigationssoftware angewendet. Das TAM wurde anhand der Software What3Words und mittels Partial Least Squares Strukturgleichungsmodellierung geschätzt. Weiterhin wurden Erkenntnisse über die Zufriedenheit der Lohnunternehmen mit dem Softwareangebot gesammelt. Die Lohnunternehmen zeigen sich nur teilweise zufrieden und wünschen sich, Informationen über Brückenhöhen oder Gewichtsbeschränkungen abrufen zu können. Der Beitrag ist sowohl für Lohnunternehmen als auch für Entwickler von Navigationssoftware interessant. Der Beitrag ist außerdem für Forscher in anderen Teilgebieten der Logistik relevant.

Imidazolinones and crops resistant to these herbicides have successfully been introduced recently in some European countries. Imazamox has a high efficacy, moderate persistence and ecotoxicity, but data on hazardous doses (HD) in non-target plants and species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) are still scarce. To screen a larger variety of plant taxa in standardized vegetative vigor tests, 22 wild plant species and 14 oilseed rape (OSR) cultivars were sown into trays filled with a standard soil. When seedlings had reached the three-to-four leaf stage, plants were exposed to a single application of the herbicide Bolero® using a commercial pump sprayer. The five treatments corresponded to rates of 0 (control), 0.4, 4, 20 and 40 g/ha of imazamox with latter representing the recommended dose in Switzerland. Two weeks after the application, five plants per treatment were sub-sampled at random and visible injuries and fresh weights were recorded as endpoints for herbicidal effects. Dose-response curves and effective doses (EDs) were fitted using the drc package of the statistical software R and SSDs were obtained using ETX2.0. ED50 varied between 0.006 and 37 g/ha of the active ingredient in Nigella arvensis and Brassica rapa. Several dose-response curves indicated hormetic effects at a hundredth of the recommended field dose. In OSR, exposure to the field rate (40 g/ha) resulted in growth reductions between 28 and 97 % in the non imazamox-tolerant cultivars and in growth stimulations of up to 20 % in imazamox-tolerant cultivars. Responses were unrelated to leaf thickness, growth rates and the taxonomy of the tested species. Hazardous doses were 0.32 g/ha for HD5 and 3.9 g/ha for HD50 indicating that 50 % of the non-target plants would be affected at a tenth of the recommended dose. Based on general herbicide drift values the results suggest that potentially adverse effects may be expected up to a distance of 4 m offsite.

As part of future bio-economy concepts technical lignin, by-products derived from the pulp- and paper industry, may be recycled for further utilization. Via a specially developed process the liquid lignin lye can be converted into a solid state. The lignin granules were mixed with a blend of canola straw and peeled oat bran in different proportions (1–2 wt.-%) to adjust the characteristics of the mixtures for pelletizing. Combustion tests with the produced pellets were carried out in a small scale combustion unit (25 kW) showing that depending on the amount and kind of lignin CO-, SO2- and particulate matter emissions are affected. Through further optimization of fuel mixtures and by means of secondary measures existing emission limits could be complied.

Abstract Estimates of quantitative trait loci (QTL) effects derived from complete genome scans are biased, if no assumptions are made about the distribution of QTL effects. Bias should be reduced if estimates are derived by maximum likelihood, with the QTL effects sampled from a known distribution. The parameters of the distributions of QTL effects for nine economic traits in dairy cattle were estimated from a daughter design analysis of the Israeli Holstein population including 490 marker-by-sire contrasts. A separate gamma distribution was derived for each trait. Estimates for both the α and β parameters and their SE decreased as a function of heritability. The maximum likelihood estimates derived for the individual QTL effects using the gamma distributions for each trait were regressed relative to the least squares estimates, but the regression factor decreased as a function of the least squares estimate. On simulated data, the mean of least squares estimates for effects with nominal 1% significance was more than twice the simulated values, while the mean of the maximum likelihood estimates was slightly lower than the mean of the simulated values. The coefficient of determination for the maximum likelihood estimates was five-fold the corresponding value for the least squares estimates.