1. Van der Waals interactions in selected allotropes of phosphorous
- Author
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Joerg von Appen, Peer Schmidt, Tom Nilges, Arno Pfitzner, Richard Dronskowski, Richard Weihrich, and Frederik Bachhuber
- Subjects
Chemistry ,ddc:540 ,Van der Waals surface ,Van der Waals strain ,Electronic structure ,Condensed Matter Physics ,allotropes ,band structure ,DFT ,phosphorous ,stability ,van der Waals ,Inorganic Chemistry ,symbols.namesake ,Computational chemistry ,Chemical physics ,540 Chemie ,Allotropes of phosphorus ,symbols ,General Materials Science ,Density functional theory ,Local-density approximation ,van der Waals force ,Electronic band structure - Abstract
Selected allotropes of phosphorus are investigated by different levels of density functional theory (DFT) calculations to evaluate the relative stability orders with a special focus on the role of van der Waals interactions. Phosphorus is an excellent reference system with a large number of allotropes. Starting from low-dimensional molecular (0D, white P) and polymer structures (1D, P nanorods) to layered (2D, black P) and tubular structures (2D and 3D, crystalline forms of red P), covalent structure motifs are interconnected by van der Waals interactions. They are a key factor for the correct energetic description of all P allotropes. A comparative study is carried out within the local density approximation (LDA) and the generalized gradient approximation (GGA), with and without implementation of a dispersion correction by Grimme (GGA-D2). Our intention is to achieve a reasonable agreement of our calculations with experimental data, the plausibility of energy values, and the treatment of long-range interactions. The effect of van der Waals interactions is exemplified for the interlayer distances of black phosphorous and its electronic structure.
- Published
- 2015