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This study determined the frequency and molecular features of from 206 burn and wound patients (BWPs) as well as 94 healthcare workers (HCWs) at the Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Northern Nigeria. Nine (4.4%) and five (5.3%) samples from BWPs and HCWs were identified as S positive, respectively. Seven (50%) were -positive (associated with SCC types IVa and V), while 35.7% presented a multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype. The isolates belonged to 11 diverse types, including three new (t4539, t6043, t11694) and one singleton (t779), which were assigned to four clonal complexes. Two and three carrying strains were identified. All the isolates were moderate biofilm producers with diverse combinations of the biofilm and regulatory genes. The detection of genetically diverse lineages and toxigenic strains highlights the need for improved surveillance of resistant and pathogenic strains in healthcare facilities.

Evidences from counterterrorism and the war on terrorism operations in Africa have revealed the inadequacies of the conventional counterterrorism strategy. The over-reliance on the use of simply hard-military and offensive strategy in prosecuting the war against terrorism and forms of insurgencies in Africa since the inception of the war on terrorism and counterterrorism in Africa has largely been counterproductive. From Boko Haram in Nigeria to the Islamic State of West African Province in West Africa (ISWAP), to Al-Shabab in eastern parts of Africa, and then to Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM), the rise and spike in terrorism in Africa remains indirectly proportionate to the conventional counterterrorism operations and strategy. The deficiency of the use of conventional counterterrorism strategy in the prosecution of war on terrorism in Africa, coupled with its flawed outcome, has ignited calls for alternative counterterrorism strategies. Chief amongst these alternative counterterrorism strategies is the Community and Vigilante-Group Policing in Africa which emboldens culture, language, episteme, authority, and interest of the people in quest to address the scourge of terrorism and other security threats. This article is therefore an attempt to unpack the prospects and side-effects of the Community and Vigilante-Group Policing as an alternative counterterrorism strategy in the war on terrorism in Africa

Rind of matured fruits of Citrus jambhiri Lush was hydro-distilled to obtain essential oil (EO) which was subjected to Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The EO was evaluated for fumigant toxicity (at 27- 107µL/L air) and repellence against maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky). Area preference methodology was used to evaluate the repellence of the EO at 0.15-0.9 µL/cm2, while isopropanol served as control for both bioassays. The experiments were set up in a completely randomized design and data were subjected to analysis of variance and probit analysis. Fifty-two compounds were identified in the EO with the predominant compounds being a-terpineol (8.03%), citral (7.00%), 4-terpineol (6.52%), caryophellene (4.58%), cis-geraniol (4.44%), citronellal (4.38%), ß-bisabolene (4.01%) and n-hexadecanoic acid (4.70%). Others were a- bergamotene (3.74%), lemonol (3.23%), precocene I (3.33%) and ß-copaene (3.09%). Toxicity progressed with EO dose and exposure period and application of EO at 80 and 107µL/L air caused significantly higher mortality (33.75-100.00%) than isopropanol (0.00-22.50%). Lethal time for 50% assayed weevil (LT50) for the EO application at 107 µL/L air {7.51 (6.95-8.13) h} was significantly lower than the values obtained for 27 and 53 µL/L air {44.78 (27.49-312.61) and 21.87 (11.91-45.96) h, respectively}. EO caused significantly higher repellence (75.00-90.00%) than control (15.00%) at 24 hours after treatment. The results indicate that C. jambhiri rind EO has prospects as effective biorational formulation for control of maize weevil.

Sparse storage formats are techniques for storing and processing the sparse matrix data efficiently. The performance of these storage formats depend upon the distribution of non-zeros, within the matrix in different dimensions. In order to have better results we need a technique that suits best the organization of data in a particular matrix. So the decision of selecting a better technique is the main step towards improving the system's results otherwise the efficiency can be decreased. The purpose of this research is to help identify the best storage format in case of reduced storage size and high processing efficiency for a sparse matrix.

In recent years, learning analytics (LA) has attracted a great deal of attention in technology-enhanced learning (TEL) research as practitioners, institutions, and researchers are increasingly seeing the potential that LA has to shape the future TEL landscape. Generally, LA deals with the development of methods that harness educational data sets to support the learning process. This paper provides a foundation for future research in LA. It provides a systematic overview on this emerging field and its key concepts through a reference model for LA based on four dimensions, namely data, environments, context (what?), stakeholders (who?), objectives (why?), and methods (how?). It further identifies various challenges and research opportunities in the area of LA in relation to each dimension.

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Present study was designed to investigate the effects of different combinations of three temperatures (20, 25 and 30℃) and three relative humidity levels (55, 65 and 75%) on the efficacy of three synthetic IGRs i.e., pyriproxyfen, lufenuron and buprofezin at concentrations of 1, 5 and 10ppm on fecundity and adult emergence inhibition of T. granarium under controlled laboratory conditions. This study was conducted at Grain Research Training and Storage management Cell, Department of Entomology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. All the treatments were replicated three times using Completely Randomized Design. Larvae of T. granariumwere exposed to IGRs at different levels of temperature and relative humidity. F1 adult emergence results showed that at temperature 20ᵒC, the highest percent reduction in adult emergence (84.38, 70.65 and 79.94%) was recorded after exposure to lufenuron, buprofezin and pyriproxyfen treated diet, respectively. At 75% relative humidity, lufenuron, buprofezin and pyriproxyfen caused 77.53, 80.00 and 80.32% reduction in adult emergence, respectively. Adults were exposed to IGRs at different temperature and relative humidity to evaluate the oviposition inhibition. The results revealed that at temperature 20℃, maximum percent reduction in fecundity (87.95, 80.45 and 70.55%) was recorded after exposure to buprofezin, pyriproxyfen and lufenuron treated diet, respectively. At 75% relative humidity buprofezin, pyriproxyfen and lufenuron caused 86.73, 83.72 and 69.11% reduction in fecundity, respectively. It is concluded that temperature and relative humidity play an important role in the effectiveness of insect growth regulators.

1436 young men were investigated clinically and radiologically for rheumatic sacro iliitis. In two men (1.4%) definite bilateral sacro iliitis was diagnosed. In 18 cases (12.5%) the signs were not sufficient to make a definite diagnosis. They were regarded as suspected iliitis. For comparison the cards of 6138 patients who had called at our outpatient clinic over a 5 years' period were checked. In 40 cases (0.65%) a definite diagnosis of bilateral sacro iliitis was made, in another 45 cases (0.73%) sacro iliitis was suspected, but definite proof was lacking. The group we investigated has two characteristics. As to sex and age our test subjects (recruits) represent a group in which bilateral sacro iliitis appears relatively often. Infections are reported to increase the frequency of bilateral sacro iliitis. Our test subjects were only investigated for tuberculos infection. Active tuberculosis was not found. Also factors which may have a negative influence on the frequency were investigated. First of all the soldiers had been examined by clinical committees before recruitment. Advanced and thus clinically typical cases were eliminated by these committees and the frequency rate in the remaining group thereby decreased. The recruits came from very different parts of the country and various geographic and social factors may influence the morbidity. The frequency rates obtained at the end of the investigation have therefore to be regarded as the result of various factors some with positive and some with negative influence.