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This paper deals with corticoid alternatives such as calcineurin inhibitors, sulfonated shale oils, ultraviolet light and climatotherapy which are discussed in detail.Topical calcineurin inhibitors can be understood as immunosuppressants which inhibit T-lymphocyte activation and prevent the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The inflammation inhibition of sulfonated shale oils is to be based on an inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase as well as 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid and leukotriene B4. The rationale for the use o~ a UV light treatment is its anti-inflammatory effect on antigen-presenting Langerhans cells, infiltratingT cells, and proinflammatory cytokines. A climatherapy in the high mountain range above 1500 meters above sea level is - amorgotherthings - a freedom from house dust mites allergens. Other potent allergens (e.g., birch and grass pollen, mold spores) are significantly reduced in concentration as well as in the duration of their occurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Der Hautarzt is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Der Hautarzt is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background and Objectives: Climate change is also an increasingly important issue in the healthcare system. Due to its anatomical and physiological nature, the eye is directly exposed to environmental influences and changes in a special way., Methods: The current literature is used to illustrate the effects of climate-induced changes and the respective influences on the eye. A PubMed search (cut-off date 3 October 2021) using the search terms "climate change" or "planetary health" or "global health" and in each case "ophthalmology" or "eye" or "ocular" was used to determine the development of the number of publications between 2011 and 2021., Results: Measurable effects of climate change are already evident in a wide variety of ophthalmological fields. The significance of this topic, for instance, is reflected in a relatively constant increase in the number of publications and an almost tenfold increase in the number of publications per year from 2011 to 2021., Conclusion: The impact of climate change on eye diseases and on the field of ophthalmology is multifaceted and could be expected to intensify in the coming years. Therefore, the interrelationships need to be further investigated in future studies, preferably on a large scale., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature.)

Copyright of Der Ophthalmologe is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In 1801, ultraviolet (UV) radiation was first described in Jena (Germany). Over the course of the last 200 years, the city has developed into a university and industry center for glass production, optics and spectroscopy. How this development influenced dermatotherapy in Jena is the subject of this article. In the late 19th century, the developing glass and optic industry of Jena played a leading role in the production of electric lamps for therapeutic use. Although production in Jena did not become established for dermatotherapeutic lamps, Jena glassmakers remained a supplier of UV filters. The industry's fortunes were generously spent on development of the city and university and enabled the creation of a dermatology clinic in an independent building. A department of radio- and phototherapy was established and since then has been part of the dermatology clinic's therapeutic portfolio. Although the city of Jena faced heavy economic repression, the industry and the dermatology clinic's scientific activity expanded to fluorescence and protein diagnostics in the early 1960s. Investigations by Professor Heinz Langhof led to the description of erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) simultaneously, but independently from English colleagues, whose publication is considered EPP's first description. The first functioning laser in the former German Democratic Republic was built at the university, although the first laser beam was created by a research group in Berlin a short time before. Use of laser technology in the dermatology department proceeded only after political changes began. Despite economic hardships, excellent research was done in Jena through intense collaborations. The dermatology clinic has thus been able to offer modern phototherapy from the very beginning.

Background: Ultraviolet (UV) radiation of sunbeds has been classified carcinogenic by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Unlike in other countries the available data on the important risk factor has been lacking until recently in Germany., Objectives: The SUN-Study 2012 (Sunbed-Use: Needs for Action Study) aimed at identifying epidemiological prevalence data concerning this completely preventable risk factor., Materials and Methods: A total of 4,851 participants aged 14-45 years were selected from the German population in a representative manner and were surveyed via standardized telephone interviews. The survey period was split into a summer and a winter wave in order to take possible season effects into account., Results: Four out of 10 Germans aged 14-45 years (39.2 %; 95 % CI 37.8-40.6 %) have ever used a sunbed. Within the last year 14.6 % (95 % CI 13.6-15.6 %) visited a sunbed. Current users reported six visits per year on average and every twentieth reported a family history of cutaneous malignant melanoma in first-degree relatives. More than 5 % of minors currently used sunbeds despite the nationwide ban, mostly at unsupervised locations. Half of those minors did not know about the legal ban of sunbed use for minors., Conclusions: Our study proves that sunbed use which is an important risk factor for skin cancer is widely used. Moreover, considerable information deficits about health risks exist among the German population.