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Copyright of Vierteljahrshefte für Zeitgeschichte is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Since the early days of historical research on Romance languages, the coexistence of two principal meanings of the French roupie are known (1. "goutte d'humeur qui pend au nez", 2. "rouge-gorge"), in relation to which an enigmatic analogy exists: bisse (1. "goutte d'eau qui pend au nez", 2. "rouge-gorge"). Since a valid etymological interpretation has been lacking so far, neither the origin (animal → nose drops or nose drops → animal, cf. FEW XXI, 419) could be defined, nor a definitive answer be given concerning the question whether we are dealing here with a case of polysemy or homonymy (the latter possibly being due to mere coincidence). Complementing the known documentation by Italian and French family members, the author explains French bisse "small bird" as coming from Latin bistia "animal", being able to prove that the path from hyperonymy to hyponymy may serve as an analogous explanation also for roupie, the component analysis of which has so far been construed erroneously (roup- + morpheme, instead of roux "red" + pie "small bird"). Thereby, it could be assured that in the present case we are not dealing with a homonymy but with a metaphor, departing from Vulgar Latin russu "red" + pi "little bird". Moreover, the other elements which serve as names for "nose drops" and whose origin had so far been unknown (French russe, rouche, gad(r)ille etc.) are interpreted here, putting forth arguments which support the research on semantic universalisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The idea of δóζa is a crucial theme of the Fourth Gospel and a test case for scholarly approaches. Starting from two recent monographs, the article develops the central issues to be discussed. In debate with the approaches of Bultmann, Käsemann, and Bornkamm, it is shown that the Johannine narrative is focussed on the act of 'glorification' in Jesus' hour, which the author considers foretold in Isaiah and in which the universal salvation is rooted. The Johannine image of Christ as revealing his glory during his earthly ministry is, therefore, a retrojection from the post-Easter perspective. Even more is the notion of his preexistent glory a final consequence rooted in the view of the glorification of the crucified one in his 'hour'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Swiss Journal of Sociology / Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Soziologie is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Soziologie is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Soziologie is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Soziologie is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses how German social services may change their orientation from a universalist perspective to one focused more closely on the individual assistance recipient. Talcott Parsons' formulation of universalist and particularist polarities is followed up with a discussion of Georg Simmel's notion of "qualitative individualism." A new balance between universality and particularity in social assistance is recommended.

The institutionalization of sociology within Switzerland has been slow. Some structural factors (smallness and federalistic structure, strong social integration) hindering the development of sociology in Switzerland are discussed. The second part of the contribution analyzes some general professional dilemmas emerging for sociologists working in smaller countries. The proposition is put forward that sociologists from smaller countries have a specific interest to strengthen universalistic scientific exchanges (even when professional standards are mainly defined by sociologists from large countries). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This contribution discusses the question whether sociology in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland can be differentiated. The author discusses four propositions: 1. The idea of a national version of sociology contradicts the assumption of a universal character of scientific truth. 2. In contrast to the natural sciences sociology can never be totally universal; it depends on different national cultures and milieus. 3. Universalism is always the policy of dominant nations, whereas small and peripheral nations claim differences. 4. Despite all suspicion towards hegemony, the German-speaking countries should try to develop a common tradition of sociology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article responds to this issue's preceding thematic article by Christoph Antweiler on cultural universals. The author approves of Antweiler's model and muses on its application to comparative religion as it developed in the 19th century as "religious universalism." A comparative analysis of universals in time reckoning systems is presented by way of an example of a comparative cultural approach.

A critical reply is presented to the article "Musik – Einheit und Vielfalt ihrer kulturellen Ausprägung," by Rolf Oerter. The author discusses Oerter's thesis on the biological and evolutionary foundations of music. The author examines Oerter's claim that all music cultures have the same basis and that it is necessary to term them as universal.

A critical reply is presented to the article "Musik – Einheit und Vielfalt ihrer kulturellen Ausprägung," by Rolf Oerter. The author discusses Oerter's thesis on the biological and evolutionary foundations of music. The author also connects the debate on the term "universal" and its relation to the evolution of music according to Oerter.

This article presents the author's views on the concept of universalism in ethics with reference to philosopher Norbert Hoerster's criticism on cognitivism . Methodological aspects of individualism are highlighted. Hoerster's concept of individual interest is discussed. Hoerster's views on cognitivism is criticized.