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On the temperature influence on laser measurements and their compensation Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is becoming increasingly important for monitoring engineering and infrastructure structures as it continuously generates information and enables real‐time condition assessment. However, one of the main challenges in monitoring is that the changes in condition due to deterioration are small. At the same time, environmental influences such as temperature or the measurement system components themselves affect the measurement signal. The question arises how this influence can be minimized. To investigate this, laser triangulation sensors (LTSs) are tested and the measurement uncertainty due to temperature influences is determined. It is shown that the measurement uncertainty of the measurement system is only lower than typical changes in the condition of structures as long as temperature compensation is performed. In addition, it can be determined that the sensor, compared to the cable and measuring amplifier, has the greatest influence on the measurement uncertainty of the measurement system and that the cable length has no influence for LTS with current output. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the light of changes in society, relationships and marriages too have changed considerably. Due to the growing professional activity of women, the traditional and often unbalanced role allocation had to undergo a change. It has become increasingly important to find extra-familial facilities which can take care of the children. And an even more immediate problem has been how father and mother could manage with responsibility that the mother, too, can go out to work and can make a career for herself without detriment to the children. In day nurseries or crèches there is sometimes a lack of quantity and quality regarding the caretakers. How can the risks of crèches be reduced? Since boys scarcely ever meet a man in preschool education, they are deemed to have smaller chances than girls. This is the reason why mentally present fathers are so important and beneficial in the family during the child’s first years. From birth and during the various stages in life, the father exerts significant, varying, and distinctive functions for the mental development of his children that differ from those of their mother. He has a major importance for identification and triangulation and has quite different functions for the mental development of girls and boys. Fatherlessness is a significant risk factor. The differing gender-related consequences for girls and boys are serious and can have an adverse effect on the whole life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is based on an investigation of the impact of taking up a work-related multi-local lifestyle on civic involvement based on quantitative and qualitative data using a methodological triangulation. Following theoretical considerations based on the civic voluntarismmodel, the resources-centered model, and the "commuter's strain hypothesis", a negative influence of the multi-local lifestyle on civic involvement is expected. Periodic presence and absence at the place of origin and destination, as well as associated reduced time and psychological resources, are hypothesized to be the central theoretical mechanisms of influence explaining the negative relationship. The quantitative investigation is based on fixedeffects panel regressions applied to longitudinal data from the Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP). The qualitative investigation is based on problem-centred, guided interviews conducted in a case study analysis in the rural district of Diepholz in Lower Saxony, Germany. The quantitative analyses indicate a significant negative effect of multi-locality on involvement and show that the strongest reduction in involvement temporally occurs with the start of multi-local living. The qualitative analyses confirm this finding and show that the postulated theoreticalmechanisms represent a central explanatory factor of the reduced involvement resulting from multi-locality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surgical interventions should ideally treat an existing disease curatively and achieve this with a low complication rate and minimal trauma. In this sense, laparoscopic cholecystectomy has become established as the recognized standard for the treatment of cholecystolithiasis. Newer procedures, such as single-port surgery or natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) have recently emerged to reduce the already low interventional trauma even further and to provide a better cosmetic outcome. With all new methods the main aim is the reduction of the transabdominal access points. Based on published results and diagnosis-related groups (DRG) data, this article examines whether this goal has been achieved, also with respect to the overall quality of treatment and the complication rates. In this context and in addition to the already mentioned approaches, robotic cholecystectomy and the reduced port approach are also considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the psychodynamics of childhood anxiety and the importance of working with the parents Childhood anxiety is often triggered by experiences in connection with new developmental stages, whereby the child is unable to overcome the typical development-related fears, which then persist and become chronic. The psychodynamic structures underlying anxiety disorders vary enormously depending on the individual internal conflicts and the capacity of the child to tolerate conflict. Nevertheless, one can observe a typical dyadic pattern of relating in the child's closest relationships, whereby the child secures the actual presence of his or her carer by way of regressive and anxious behavior. With the help of the caring and protecting reaction from the carer, the child is able to regulate interpersonal and emotional states which have not yet been sufficiently integrated in the child's internal world. It is essential to include parents in the therapeutic processes so that the relationship pattern is not only understood and changed within the therapeutic relationship but also in the context of the family dynamics as a whole. The parental anxieties in relation to their child must also be taken into account, whereby the therapist must initially take on the role of the third position when confronted with dyadic patterns of relating in families. The goal of such therapy is to enhance the development of triadic functioning in relationships, in which an internal space is made available that allows both the child and the parents to separate and re-connect without being overwhelmed by the fear of loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article the development of student sensitivity (focus on professional child care) via so called "Paulina-Kernberg-Seminaries" (PKS) was examined. The PKS enables students to experience a form of self-awareness with a regressive play phase and following group discussion. The PKS can be conducted at different age levels (one at a time): 12 months, 2-3, 5 6 and 11-12 years. In total, 337 students participated and played a role within one particular age group. After the PKS, the students were asked to fill in questionnaires. The questions included whether they could empathize with their role, reduce their inhibitions, liked the length of the seminar and the size of the group, and recall own memories from their childhood. The students showed positive results concerning all variables. Furthermore, the variables difficulties in reducing inhibitions and empathy with the roles were inversely related. As a result of this study, it can be stated, that the PKS has been accepted by the majority of the students. Some differences emerged between age groups. They can be explained by typical developmental characteristics. Hence it seems students were able to empathize with their particular age groups which might have promoted their sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The outline of political psychology shows how the disavowal of societal power constitutes a decisive part of maintaining existing power relations in a bottom up process. Such disavowal happens "in the face of power"; "enforced" by power that is present in all societal circumstances: it is visible in its consequences, represented in its facilitators which is the political elite and the media which considers itself to be part of this elite. Given this, disavowal is at the same time subjugation by power (and its demands and impositions), affirmation of power, fosters the conservation of (the discourse of) power. It is the decisive mechanism of reproduction of power in a bottom up process. This disavowal intervenes on the level of the discourse of power. That's why Parrhesia's disobeying of the rules of the discourse of power entails a danger to power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]