493 results on '"Spectroscopy"'
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2. Tumoren des Zentralnervensystems im Kindes- und Jugendalter.
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Hahn, G. and Mentzel, H.-J.
- Abstract
Copyright of Der Radiologe is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
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3. HYPERSPEKTRÁLNÍ ZOBRAZOVÁNÍ V INFRAČERVENÉ OBLASTI VYUŽÍVAJÍCÍ KOMPRIMOVANÉ SNÍMÁNÍ
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Hlubuček Jiří and Žídek Karel
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Hyperspectral imaging ,Infrared spectrum ,Spectroscopy ,Compressed sensing ,Science ,Social Sciences - Abstract
Tento článek se zabývá hyperspektrálním zobrazováním v infračervené oblasti, simulacemi měření a rekonstrukcemi testovacích datakrychlí za použití metody komprimovaného snímání CASSI (Coded Aperture Snapshot Spectral Imaging). Provedli jsme simulace přítomnosti chemické látky na části obrazu a poté jsme zrekonstruovali její absorpční spektrum a lokalizovali ji z jediného snímku detektoru. Jinými slovy, ukázali jsme, že v podstatě je možné rekonstruovat řídkou 3D datakrychli z jediného 2D obrazu. Dále diskutujeme kvalitu rekonstruovaných dat a limity zvolených metod simulace.
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- 2018
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4. Crystal structure and temperature-dependent properties of Na2H4Ga2GeO8 – a novel gallogermanate.
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Peschke, Irma, Robben, Lars, Köhler, Christof, Frauenheim, Thomas, Buhl, Josef-Christian, and Gesing, Thorsten M.
- Abstract
Synthesis, crystal structure and temperature-dependent behavior of Na2H4Ga2GeO8 are reported. This novel gallogermanate crystallizes in space group I41/acd with room-temperature powder diffraction lattice parameters of a = 1298.05(1) pm and c = 870.66(1) pm. The structure consists of MO4 (M = Ga, Ge) tetrahedra in four-ring chains, which are connected by two different (left- and right-handed) helical chains of NaO6 octahedra. Protons coordinating the oxygen atoms of the GaO4 tetrahedra not linked to germanium atoms ensure the charge balance. Structure solution and refinement are based on single crystal X-ray diffraction measurements. Proton positions are estimated using a combined approach of DFT calculations and NMR, FTIR and Raman spectroscopic techniques. The thermal expansion was examined in the range between T = 20(2) K and the compound's decomposition temperature at 568(5) K, in which no phase transition could be observed, and Debye temperatures of 266(11) and 1566(65) K were determined for the volume expansion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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5. The geometry relaxation and photodeactivation from the S2 state of dibenzofuran studied by ultrafast spectroscopy.
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Wang, Lian, Zhang, Song, Wang, Ye, and Zhang, Bing
- Abstract
Copyright of Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2020
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- View/download PDF
6. Photoelectrochemistry of Ferrites: Theoretical Predictions vs. Experimental Results.
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Ulpe, Anna C., Bauerfeind, Katharina C.L., Granone, Luis I., Arimi, Arsou, Megatif, Lena, Dillert, Ralf, Warfsmann, Sven, Taffa, Dereje H., Wark, Michael, Bahnemann, Detlef W., and Bredow, Thomas
- Abstract
Copyright of Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Two-dimensional Polymers in Microscopy and Spatially Resolved Vibrational Analysis – A Review
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Timo S. G. Niepel, Yashashwa Pandey, and Renato Zenobi
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2d polymer ,Afm ,Nanomaterials ,Spectroscopy ,Stm ,Ters ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Two-dimensional polymers comprise a novel class of macromolecules with promising mechanical and chemical properties that have recently become accessible under mild synthetic conditions. As nanometer-sized holes and defects are likely to influence these materials' properties, there is a need for analytical methods to spatially and chemically characterize them down to the nanoscale. In this article, we compare tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy to common methods in nanoanalysis for the investigation of defect sites in molecularly thin 2D-polymer sheets and briefly present measures to meet the challenges arising from tip-induced degradation processes.
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- 2019
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8. Stick, Flick, Click: DNA-guided Fluorescent Labeling of Long RNA for Single-molecule FRET
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Fabio D. Steffen, Richard Börner, Eva Freisinger, and Roland K. O. Sigel
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Bioorthogonal ,Fluorescence ,Nucleic acids ,Riboswitch ,Spectroscopy ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Exploring the spatiotemporal dynamics of biomolecules on a single-molecule level requires innovative ways to make them spectroscopically visible. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) uses a pair of organic dyes as reporters to measure distances along a predefined biomolecular reaction coordinate. For this nanoscopic ruler to work, the fluorescent labels need to be coupled onto the molecule of interest in a bioorthogonal and site-selective manner. Tagging large non-coding RNAs with single-nucleotide precision is an open challenge. Here we summarize current strategies in labeling riboswitches and ribozymes for fluorescence spectroscopy and FRET in particular. A special focus lies on our recently developed, DNA-guided approach that inserts two fluorophores through a stepwise process of templated functionality transfer and click chemistry.
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- 2019
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9. Is the In Vitro Observed NETosis the Favored Physiological Death of Neutrophils or Mainly Induced by an Isolation Bias?
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Julia Rimboeck, Michael Gruber, and Sigrid Wittmann
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Inorganic Chemistry ,ddc:610 ,Organic Chemistry ,neutrophils, PMNs, isolation, apoptosis, NETosis, lifespan, neutrophil functions, g-time ,610 Medizin ,General Medicine ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Molecular Biology ,neutrophils ,PMNs ,isolation ,apoptosis ,NETosis ,lifespan ,neutrophil functions ,g-time ,Spectroscopy ,Catalysis ,Computer Science Applications - Abstract
Centrifugation steps are regularly used for neutrophil isolation. Thereby, the influences of applied g-forces on the functionality of PMNs have hardly been analyzed and could consequently have been overlooked or led to biased results. We now hypothesize that blood PMNs—when gently isolated—can be long-lived cells and they physiologically become apoptotic rather than NETotic. Neutrophils were isolated from whole blood without centrifugation using a sedimentation enhancer (gelafundin). PMNs were analyzed via live-cell imaging for migratory activity and vitality condition by fluorescent staining. Native neutrophils showed still relevant migratory activity after more than 6 days ex vivo. The percentage of cells that were annexin V+ or PI+ increased successively with increasing ex vivo time. In addition, the characteristics of DAPI staining of gently isolated granulocytes differed markedly from those obtained by density gradient separation (DGS). We conclude that NETosis occurring after DGS is the consequence of applied g-forces and not a physiological phenomenon. Future studies on neutrophils should be performed with most native cells (applied g-time load as low as possible).
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- 2023
10. Opposing MMP-9 Expression in Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Head and Neck Tumor Cells after Direct 2D and 3D Co-Culture
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Waltera, Anna, Schulz, Daniela, Schaefer, Nicole, Stoeckl, Sabine, Pion, Eric, Haerteis, Silke, Reichert, Torsten E., Ettl, Tobias, and Bauer, Richard J.
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Inorganic Chemistry ,ddc:610 ,Organic Chemistry ,610 Medizin ,HNSCC ,head and neck cancer ,BMSC ,bone marrow-derived stromal cells ,angiogenesis ,MMP ,matrix metalloproteinase ,CAM ,chorioallantoic membrane ,in ovo, 2D ,3D ,570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie ,General Medicine ,ddc:570 ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Molecular Biology ,Spectroscopy ,Catalysis ,Computer Science Applications - Abstract
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) respond to a variety of tumor cell-derived signals, such as inflammatory cytokines and growth factors. As a result, the inflammatory tumor microenvironment may lead to the recruitment of BMSCs. Whether BMSCs in the tumor environment are more likely to promote tumor growth or tumor suppression is still controversial. In our experiments, direct 3D co-culture of BMSCs with tumor cells from the head and neck region (HNSCC) results in strong expression and secretion of MMP-9. The observed MMP-9 secretion mainly originates from BMSCs, leading to increased invasiveness. In addition to our in vitro data, we show in vivo data based on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. Our results demonstrate that MMP-9 induces hemorrhage and increased perfusion in BMSC/HNSCC co-culture. While we had previously outlined that MMP-9 expression and secretion originate from BMSCs, our data showed a strong downregulation of MMP-9 promoter activity in HNSCC cells upon direct contact with BMSCs using the luciferase activity assay. Interestingly, the 2D and 3D models of direct co-culture suggest different drivers for the downregulation of MMP-9 promoter activity. Whereas the 3D model depicts a BMSC-dependent downregulation, the 2D model shows cell density-dependent downregulation. In summary, our data suggest that the direct interaction of HNSCC cells and BMSCs promotes tumor progression by significantly facilitating angiogenesis via MMP-9 expression. On the other hand, data from 3D and 2D co-culture models indicate opposing regulation of the MMP-9 promoter in tumor cells once stromal cells are involved.
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- 2023
11. Expression of pH-Sensitive TRPC4 in Common Skin Tumors
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Kurz, Bernadett, Michael, Hannah Philine, Förch, Antonia, Wallner, Susanne, Zeman, Florian, Decking, Sonja-Maria, Ugele, Ines, Hintschich, Constantin, Haubner, Frank, Ettl, Tobias, Renner, Kathrin, Brochhausen, Christoph, and Schreml, Stephan
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Inorganic Chemistry ,ddc:610 ,Organic Chemistry ,610 Medizin ,General Medicine ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Molecular Biology ,Spectroscopy ,Catalysis ,TRPC4 ,skin tumors ,melanoma ,squamous cell carcinoma ,basal cell carcinoma ,Computer Science Applications - Abstract
TRPCs (transient receptor potential classical or cation channels) play a crucial role in tumor biology, especially in the Ca2+ homeostasis in cancer cells. TRPC4 is a pH-sensitive member of this family of proteins. As solid tumors exhibit an inversed pH-gradient with lowered extracellular and increased intracellular pH, both contributing to tumor progression, TRPC4 might be a signaling molecule in the altered tumor microenvironment. This is the first study to investigate the expression profiles of TRPC4 in common skin cancers such as basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), malignant melanoma (MM) and nevus cell nevi (NCN). We found that all SCCs, NCNs, and MMs show positive TRPC4-expression, while BCCs do only in about half of the analyzed samples. These data render TRPC4 an immunohistochemical marker to distinguish SCC and BCC, and this also gives rise to future studies investigating the role of TRPC4 in tumor progression, and especially metastasis as BCCs very rarely spread and are mostly negative for TRPC4.
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- 2023
12. Elektrochemische Umwandlung von Biomasse : kontinuierliche Prozesse, gekoppelte Elektrolyse und Oberflächenmechanismen
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Kurig, Nils, Palkovits, Regina, and Liauw, Marcel A.
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Biomasse ,biomass ,Elektrochemie ,electrochemistry ,Kolbe ,3D-Druck ,3D printing ,Reaktionstechnik ,reaction engineering ,Spektroskopie ,spectroscopy ,ddc:540 - Abstract
Dissertation, RWTH Aachen University, 2023; Aachen : RWTH Aachen University 1 Online-Ressource : Illustrationen, Diagramme (2023). = Dissertation, RWTH Aachen University, 2023, The search for alternative technologies to generate and store energy, together with the need to close carbon cycles, is providing a renaissance for organic electrochemistry. This work addresses the advancement of promising methods in the context of an electrified biorefinery.As a long-term goal of most industrial chemical processes, continuous reactions are also of great interest for electrification. Therefore, general concepts for Kolbe and non-Kolbe electrolysis in flow cells were investigated using model systems. It was found that Kolbe electrolysis is particularly suitable for semi-continuous conversions due to concentrated substrate solutions. Using the dimerization of levulinic acid as an example, previous literature results were exceeded with a yield of 75%. In non-Kolbe electrolysis, various reactor designs were realized using conventional fabrication methods as well as 3D printing. The synthesis of a promising drop-in fuel mixture was then tested in the continuous flow cell, achieving a space-time-yield seven times higher than the optimized batch reaction. Lastly, 3D printing was shown to make microreactors accessible for non- Kolbe electrolysis. To make electrochemical reactions even more efficient, different reduction reactions of levulinic acid were investigated that could be coupled to Kolbe electrolysis. Direct hydrogenation, already discussed in the literature, was used here to demonstrate the suitability of screen-printed electrodes for subsequent in situ spectroscopic studies. A novel reductive valorization was demonstrated by nitrogen incorporation and cyclization to 1,5-dimethylpyrrolidone in yields up to 78%.In another study of coupling anodic and cathodic conversions, the glucose dimer cellobiose was converted to the fine chemicals cellobitol and cellobionic acid. The electrochemical synthesis of cellobitol was not demonstrated before. While the oxidation reaction had already been studied by cyclic voltammetry and the synthesis of cellobionic acid had been reported, yields of 94% were achieved for the first time by using a redox mediator. In the last part of the work, spectroelectrochemical methods were established to study the adsorption of the organic substrates on electrode surfaces and ultimately to advance the understanding of the reaction mechanisms. Using in situ ATR-SEIRAS, the competition of Kolbe electrolysis and OER was compared in aqueous and methanolic solutions. Competitive adsorption was also observed for the reductive conversions of levulinic acid, simultaneously confirming that the reactions occur within the Helmholtz layer. In addition, an in situ Raman measurement cell was developed in which low-cost screen-printed electrodes can be used for screening studies., Published by RWTH Aachen University, Aachen
- Published
- 2023
13. Dynamic ab initio Methods for Vibrational Spectroscopy
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Sandra Luber
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Chirality ,Density functional theory ,Interface ,Molecular dynamics ,Spectroscopy ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Our group focuses on the development of computational methods derived from quantum mechanics and their application to a variety of challenging systems ranging from (bio-)molecules over coordination compounds to solar light-driven processes. In this review, we describe our recent activities for accurate calculation of spectroscopic properties. Emphasis is put on forefront methods for vibrational spectroscopy, in particular with respect to condensed phase systems, based on ab initio molecular dynamics. This approach has several advantages compared to standard static approaches and proven to be a highly valuable tool for in-depth analysis of complex systems.
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- 2018
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14. Die Umgebungsabhängigkeit des Protonentransfers
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Grandjean, Alexander
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spectroscopy ,proton transfer ,Photosäure ,Spektroskopie ,photoacid ,Protonentransfer ,Fluoreszenz - Published
- 2022
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15. Unveiling the Nature of Charge Carrier Interactions by Electroabsorption Spectroscopy: An Illustration with Lead-Halide Perovskites
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Marine E. F. Bouduban, Andrés Burgos-Caminal, Joël Teuscher, and Jacques-E. Moser
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Charge carrier interactions ,Electroabsorption ,Lead-halide perovskites ,Photovoltaic devices ,Spectroscopy ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Unravelling the nature of the interactions between photogenerated charge carriers in solar energy conversion devices is key to enhance performance. In this perspective, we discuss electroabsorption spectroscopy (EAS), as the spectral bandshape of the electroabsorption (EA) signal directly depends on the strength of the charge carrier interactions. For instance, the electroabsorption response in molecular or confined excitonic systems can be modelled perturbatively yielding the Stark effect. In contrast, most solids exhibit weaker interactions, and a perturbative approach cannot be taken in general. For solids with negligible charge carrier interactions, one resorts to the Franz-Keldysh theory of a continuum in a field, that, in the low-field limit, simplifies to the low-field FKA effect. Alternatively, when the continuum approximation breaks down, the problem of a Wannier exciton in a field has to be solved, and numerical methods emerged as the best solution. We illustrate our discussion with two examples involving lead-halide perovskites, a new, high-stake solar cell material. In the first example, we discuss the lineshape of the electroabsorption response for thin-films of lead-iodide perovskite, that sustains the photogeneration of free carriers. In the second example, we address a confined excitonic case with lead-bromide perovskite nanoparticles, and demonstrate the presence of so-called charge-transfer excitons.
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- 2017
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16. Using Isotopic Fingerprints to Trace Nitrous Oxide in the Atmosphere
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Eliza Harris, Lukas Emmenegger, and Joachim Mohn
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Greenhouse gas ,Isotope ,Nitrous oxide ,Spectroscopy ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Published
- 2017
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17. Non-destructive State Detection and Spectroscopy of Single Molecules
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Ziv Meir, Stefan Willitsch, and Mudit Sinhal
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Materials science ,ion traps ,Polyatomic ion ,cold molecular ions ,n+2 ,General Medicine ,General Chemistry ,State (functional analysis) ,Molecular physics ,Ion ,Physical Concepts ,Chemistry ,Quantum state ,Non destructive ,Molecule ,quantum-logic spectroscopy ,Spectroscopy ,QD1-999 ,precision spectroscopy - Abstract
We review our recent experimental results on the non-destructive quantum-state detection and spectroscopy of single trapped molecules. At the heart of our scheme, a single atomic ion is used to probe the state of a single molecular ion without destroying the molecule or even perturbing its quantum state. This method opens up perspectives for new research directions in precision spectroscopy, for the development of new frequency standards, for tests of fundamental physical concepts and for the precise study of chemical reactions and molecular collisions with full control over the molecular quantum state.
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- 2021
18. Integrating genomic and infrared spectral data improves the prediction of milk protein composition in dairy cattle
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Toshimi Baba, Lúcio Flávio Macedo Mota, Giovanni Bittante, Sara Pegolo, Alessio Cecchinato, Francisco Peñagaricano, Gota Morota, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University [Blacksburg], Dipartimento di Agronomia Animali Alimenti Risorse Naturali e Ambiente, Universita degli Studi di Padova, and University of Wisconsin-Madison
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Whey protein ,lcsh:QH426-470 ,[SDV.SA.ZOO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Zootechny ,Biology ,Breeding ,03 medical and health sciences ,Genetic ,Models ,Statistics ,Covariate ,Partial least squares regression ,Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ,Genetics ,Animals ,Spectroscopy ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Dairy cattle ,030304 developmental biology ,lcsh:SF1-1100 ,2. Zero hunger ,0303 health sciences ,Multiple kernel learning ,Models, Genetic ,0402 animal and dairy science ,food and beverages ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,Genomics ,Milk Proteins ,040201 dairy & animal science ,Regression ,Pedigree ,lcsh:Genetics ,Fourier Transform Infrared ,Herd ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Cattle ,lcsh:Animal culture ,Brown Swiss ,Research Article - Abstract
BackgroundOver the past decade, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy has been used to predict novel milk protein phenotypes. Genomic data might help predict these phenotypes when integrated with milk FTIR spectra. The objective of this study was to investigate prediction accuracy for milk protein phenotypes when heterogeneous on-farm, genomic, and pedigree data were integrated with the spectra. To this end, we used the records of 966 Italian Brown Swiss cows with milk FTIR spectra, on-farm information, medium-density genetic markers, and pedigree data. True and total whey protein, and five casein, and two whey protein traits were analyzed. Multiple kernel learning constructed from spectral and genomic (pedigree) relationship matrices and multilayer BayesB assigning separate priors for FTIR and markers were benchmarked against a baseline partial least squares (PLS) regression. Seven combinations of covariates were considered, and their predictive abilities were evaluated by repeated random sub-sampling and herd cross-validations (CV).ResultsAddition of the on-farm effects such as herd, days in milk, and parity to spectral data improved predictions as compared to those obtained using the spectra alone. Integrating genomics and/or the top three markers with a large effect further enhanced the predictions. Pedigree data also improved prediction, but to a lesser extent than genomic data. Multiple kernel learning and multilayer BayesB increased predictive performance, whereas PLS did not. Overall, multilayer BayesB provided better predictions than multiple kernel learning, and lower prediction performance was observed in herd CV compared to repeated random sub-sampling CV.ConclusionsIntegration of genomic information with milk FTIR spectral can enhance milk protein trait predictions by 25% and 7% on average for repeated random sub-sampling and herd CV, respectively. Multiple kernel learning and multilayer BayesB outperformed PLS when used to integrate heterogeneous data for phenotypic predictions.
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- 2021
19. Probing the Electronic Structure of Spectator Oxo Ligands by 17O NMR Spectroscopy
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Christopher P. Gordon and Christophe Copéret
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Olefin fiber ,Chemical shift tensor ,NMR spectroscopy ,Olefin epoxidation ,Olefin metathesis ,Spectator oxo ligand ,Stereochemistry ,Ligand ,Chemistry ,General Medicine ,General Chemistry ,Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ,Electronic structure ,spectator oxo ligand ,Catalysis ,lcsh:Chemistry ,lcsh:QD1-999 ,nmr spectroscopy ,chemical shift tensor ,olefin metathesis ,Molecular orbital ,Spectroscopy ,olefin epoxidation - Abstract
Spectator oxo ligands are ubiquitous in catalysis, in particular in olefin epoxidation and olefin metathesis. Here we use computationally derived 17O NMR parameters to probe the electronic structure of spectator oxo ligands in these two reactions. We show that 17O NMR parameters allow to distinguish between doubly-bonded and triply-bonded oxo ligands, giving detailed insights into the frontier molecular orbitals involved in the metaloxo bonds along the reaction pathway. On the one hand, our study shows that in olefin epoxidation catalysed by methyltrioxorhenium (MTO), the oxo ligand significantly changes its bonding mode upon formation of the oxygen-transferring Re-oxo-bisperoxo-species, changing its nature from a doubly bonded to a triply bonded oxo ligand. On the other hand, only minor changes in the binding mode are found along the olefin metathesis reaction pathway with Mo- and W-based oxo-alkylidene species, in which the oxo ligand behaves as a triply bonded ligand throughout the reaction. This finding contrasts earlier studies that proposed that the change of binding mode of the oxo ligand was key to metallacyclobutane formation., Chimia, 74 (4), ISSN:0009-4293
- Published
- 2020
20. Aggregation von organischen Molekülen auf Edelmetalloberflächen
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Györök, Michael
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spectroscopy ,Oberflächenphysik ,Thin film growth ,Wachstum dünner Schichten ,Spektroskopie ,surface science - Abstract
Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Aggregation von organischen Molekülen auf Edelmetalloberflächen. Dabei dienen die ersten beiden Kapitel als Einleitung bzw. führen in die Grundlagen und experimentelle Methoden ein. In Kapitel 3 wurde die Adsorption von drei verschiedenen MePc’s (engl. metal phthalocyanine) auf einer Ag(110)-Oberfläche mittels PEEM und der Anderson- Methode untersucht. Dabei wurde das Hauptaugenmerk vor allem auf die Änderung der Austrittsarbeit gelegt. Die Ergebnisse aus diesem Kapitel dienten vor allem, in Bezug auf die nachfolgenden Kapitel, als Grundlage für die Interpretation der PEEM-Daten. Es wurde gezeigt, dass die Adsorption von Molekülen auf der Oberfläche einen starken Einfluss auf die Änderung der Austrittsarbeit hat und damit ein Hauptfaktor für die mittlere Elektronenausbeute des PEEM’s ist. In Kapitel 4 bis 6 wurde der Einfluss der Aurophile (anziehende Wechselwirkung zwischen Gold-Atomen welche in Au(I)-Komplexen vorkommt) bei der Adsorption von (NapNC)Au(I)Cl (aurophiles Molekül) auf Au(111) und Au(110) analysiert. Es wurden mehrere Aufdampfexperimente, mit verschiedenen Bedeckungen, vorgenommen. Das Wachstum wurde dabei mit PEEM und DRS in-situ in Echtzeit beobachtet. Danach wurden die mit einer gewissen Bedeckung präparierten Proben im STM und LEED für die Sturkturaufklärung untersucht. Es zeigte sich einerseits das, auch nach der Sublimation der Moleküle und anschließender Kondensation auf der Oberfläche, die Aurophile Wechselwirkung zwischen den Molekülen bestehen bleiben kann. Dies hängt jedoch ab vom Bedeckungsgrad und dem gewählten Subtrat ab. Der Fokus im abschließenden Kapitel 7 lag auf der Adsorption von DHTAP auf Cu(110) bzw. einer Cu(110)-(2×1)O-Oberfläche. Dabei zeigten sich wiederum große Unterschiede im Wachstum in Bezug auf das gewählte Substrat. Es lässt sich für diese Modellsysteme eine umfassende Strukturaufklärung für das Wachstum der ersten Monolage The present work deals with the aggregation of organic molecules on precious molecules on noble metal surfaces. The first two chapters serve as an introduction and shows the basic principles and experimental methods. In chapter 3, the adsorption of three different MePc’s (metal phthalocyanines) on a Ag(100)-surface was investigated using PEEM and the Anderson method. The main focus was on the change in the work function. The results from this chapter served as a basis for the interpretation of the PEEM data in relation to the following chapters. It has been shown that the adsorption of molecules on the surface has a strong influence on the change in the work function and is therefore also a main factor for the mean electron yield (MEY) of the PEEM. In chapters 4 to 6, the influence of the aurophilic interaction (attractive interaction between gold atoms which occurs in Au(I) complexes) in the adsorption of (NapNC)Au(I)Cl (aurophilic molecule) on Au(111) and Au(110). Several evaporation experiments were carried out with different coverages. The growth was observed with PEEM and DRS in real time. Afterwards, the samples prepared with a certain coverage were examined in the STM and LEED for the evaluation of the structure. On the one hand, it was found that, even after sublimation of the molecules and subsequent condensation on the surface, the aurophilic interaction between the molecules can remain between the molecules can persist. However, this depends on the degree of coverage and the chosen substrate. The focus in the final chapter 7 was on the adsorption of DHTAP on Cu(110) or a Cu(110)-(2×1)O surface. This again showed large differences in growth with respect to the chosen substrate. It comprehensive structure elucidation for the growth of the first monolayer in the can be found in the literature. By means of PEEM- and DRS/RDS-experiments, however, the multilayer growth was also investigated and provided first re eingereicht von Michael Györök MSc BSc Dissertation Universität Linz 2022
- Published
- 2022
21. Mehrskalige Charakterisierung der Hochtemperatur-Brennstoffzelle (SOFC)
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Wankm��ller, Florian and Gerthsen, D.
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Elektronenmikroskopie ,electron ,spectroscopy ,elektrochemische ,multi-scale ,Physics ,Impedanzspektroskopie ,Hochtemperatur-Brennstoffzelle ,electrochemical ,cell ,solid ,mehrskalige ,impedance ,microscopy ,ddc:530 ,characterization ,Charakterisierung ,oxide ,fuel ,(SOFC) - Abstract
Die Hochtemperatur-Brennstoffzelle (SOFC) als Strom- und W��rmeproduzent der Zukunft stellt eine wichtige Schl��sseltechnologie f��r eine klimafreundliche Energieversorgung dar. Vorrangige Entwicklungsziele sind die Verbesserung der Lebensdauer und die Verringerung der Kosten der SOFC-Komponenten. In dieser Arbeit werden mikrostrukturelle Ver��nderungen, die w��hrend der Zellherstellung und im Betrieb (Alterungsverlauf) auftreten, durch den Einsatz mehrskaliger Untersuchungsmethoden identifiziert.
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- 2022
22. Surface Reactions are Crucial for Energy Storage
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Elsa Callini, Shunsuke Kato, Philippe Mauron, and Andreas Züttel
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Co2 reduction ,Energy storage ,Hydrogen ,Spectroscopy ,Surface reactions ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Reactions between gas molecules, e.g. H2 and CO2 and solids take place at the surface. The electronic states and the local geometry of the atomic arrangement determine the energy of the adsorbate, i.e. the initial molecule and the transition state. Here we review our research to identify the surface species, their chemical state and orientation, the interaction with the neighbouring molecules and the mobility of the adsorbed species and complement the experimental results with thermodynamic modelling. The role of the Ti was found to be a bridge between the charged species preventing the individual movement of the ions including charge separation. The Ti has no catalytic effect on the hydrogen sorption reaction in borohydrides. The physisorption of molecular hydrogen is too weak at ambient temperature to reach a significant hydrogen storage density. The addition of a hydrogen dissociation catalyst to a nanoporous material with a large specific surface area may potentially enable the spillover of hydrogen atoms from the metal catalyst to the surface of the porous material and chemisorb on specific sites with a much higher binding energy compared to physisorption. The intercalation of alkali metals in C60 fullerenes increases the interaction energy of hydrogen with the so-called metal fullerides significantly. Sterical diffusion barriers by partial oxidation of the surface of borohydrides turned out to redirect the reaction path towards pure hydrogen desorption and suppress the formation of diborane, a by-product of the hydrogen evolution reaction from borohydrides previously undetected. The combination of a newly developed gas controlling system with microreactors allows us to investigate complex reactions with small quantities of nano designed new catalytic materials. Furthermore, tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) will allow the investigation of the reactions locally on the surface of the catalyst and the near ambient pressure photoelectron spectroscopy enables analysis of the surfaces in ultra-high vacuum and in situ interaction with the adsorbates i.e. while the reaction takes place. This brings us in a unique position for the investigation of the heterogeneous reactive systems. The mechanism of the Ti catalysed hydrogen sorption reactions in alanates was recently established based on spectroscopic investigations combined with thermodynamic analysis of the transition states.
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- 2015
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23. Ortsaufgelöste Impedanzspektroskopie an einer PEM-Brennstoffzelle.
- Author
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Klambauer, Reinhard and Eichberger, Bernd
- Abstract
Copyright of Technisches Messen is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2016
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24. Bedeutung der prä- und intraoperativen Bildgebung für die operative Strategie.
- Author
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Nitschke, P., Bork, U., Plodeck, V., Podlesek, D., Sobottka, S.B., Schackert, G., Weitz, J., and Kirsch, M.
- Abstract
Recent advances in preoperative and postoperative imaging have an increasing influence on surgical decision-making and make more complex surgical interventions possible. This improves the possibilities for frequently occurring challenges and promoting improved functional and oncological outcome. This manuscript reviews the role of preoperative and intraoperative imaging in surgery. Various techniques are explained based on examples from hepatobiliary surgery and neurosurgery, in particular real-time procedures, such as the online use of augmented reality and in vivo fluorescence, as well as new and promising optical techniques including imaging of intrinsic signals and vibrational spectroscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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25. Der Resektionsrand und seine Beurteilung.
- Author
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Thill, Marc, Barinoff, Jana, Hoellen, Friederike, and Faridi, Andree
- Abstract
Copyright of Der Gynäkologe is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2016
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26. Messverfahren der Hautalterung.
- Author
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Zieger, M. and Kaatz, M.
- Abstract
Copyright of Der Hautarzt is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Mucus Release and Airway Constriction by TMEM16A May Worsen Pathology in Inflammatory Lung Disease
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Raquel Centeio, Jiraporn Ousingsawat, Khaoula Talbi, Isaac Cohen, Rainer Schreiber, Kris De Boeck, Inês Cabrita, Tereza Doušová, Karl Kunzelmann, Roberta Benedetto, and Eric Verbeken
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,CA2+-ACTIVATED CL-CHANNEL ,Eact ,TMEM16A ,ETX001 ,brevenal ,asthma ,cystic fibrosis ,airways ,Chemistry, Multidisciplinary ,MUCIN ,Constriction, Pathologic ,Cystic fibrosis ,Mice ,0302 clinical medicine ,570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie ,Biology (General) ,Spectroscopy ,Chemistry ,SMOOTH-MUSCLE ,General Medicine ,respiratory system ,Computer Science Applications ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Physical Sciences ,SECRETION ,Bronchoconstriction ,ddc:570 ,medicine.symptom ,Life Sciences & Biomedicine ,Biochemistry & Molecular Biology ,ACTIVATED CHLORIDE CHANNEL ,QH301-705.5 ,Mucociliary clearance ,Inflammation ,Respiratory Mucosa ,MUCOCILIARY CLEARANCE ,Article ,Catalysis ,Inorganic Chemistry ,03 medical and health sciences ,HYPERRESPONSIVENESS ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Secretion ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,QD1-999 ,Molecular Biology ,Anoctamin-1 ,Goblet cell ,Science & Technology ,CYSTIC-FIBROSIS ,Organic Chemistry ,medicine.disease ,Mucus ,respiratory tract diseases ,HEK293 Cells ,030104 developmental biology ,030228 respiratory system ,Immunology ,OVEREXPRESSION ,Airway - Abstract
Activation of the Ca2+ activated Cl- channel TMEM16A is proposed as a treatment in inflammatory airway disease. It is assumed that activation of TMEM16A will induce electrolyte secretion, and thus reduce airway mucus plugging and improve mucociliary clearance. A benefit of activation of TMEM16A was shown in vitro and in studies in sheep, but others reported an increase in mucus production and airway contraction by activation of TMEM16A. We analyzed expression of TMEM16A in healthy and inflamed human and mouse airways and examined the consequences of activation or inhibition of TMEM16A in asthmatic mice. TMEM16A was found to be upregulated in the lungs of patients with asthma or cystic fibrosis, as well as in the airways of asthmatic mice. Activation or potentiation of TMEM16A by the compounds Eact or brevenal, respectively, induced acute mucus release from airway goblet cells and induced bronchoconstriction in mice in vivo. In contrast, niclosamide, an inhibitor of TMEM16A, blocked mucus production and mucus secretion in vivo and in vitro. Treatment of airway epithelial cells with niclosamide strongly inhibited expression of the essential transcription factor of Th2-dependent inflammation and goblet cell differentiation, SAM pointed domain-containing ETS-like factor (SPDEF). Activation of TMEM16A in people with inflammatory airway diseases is likely to induce mucus secretion along with airway constriction. In contrast, inhibitors of TMEM16A may suppress pulmonary Th2 inflammation, goblet cell metaplasia, mucus production, and bronchoconstriction, partially by inhibiting expression of SPDEF. ispartof: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES vol:22 issue:15 ispartof: location:Switzerland status: published
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- 2021
28. Auf dem Weg zu mehr Präzision in der Hirntumortherapie.
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Radbruch, A. and Hattingen, E.
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- *
MAGNETIC resonance imaging , *NEUROLOGY , *ONCOLOGY , *TUMORS , *PATHOLOGICAL physiology - Abstract
Due to the introduction of advanced functional and spectroscopic magnetic resonance (MR) sequences, MR imaging has gained significant importance in neuro-oncology. In contrast to recent years when neuro-oncological imaging was mostly limited to contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images, advanced MR methods provide direct visualization and assessment of tumor pathophysiology. This article summarizes the most relevant MR methods for neuro-oncological imaging and highlights the pathophysiological background as well as potential clinical applications. Ultimately, this article gives a glimpse into the future and introduces potential applications of ultra-high field MRI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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29. Untersuchung der Wechselwirkung von magnetotaktischen Bakterien mit Uran in wässrigen Systemen
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Ramtke, J.
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Magnetotactic bacteria ,Microscopy ,Uranium ,Sorption ,Spectroscopy - Abstract
Im Rahmen der Forschungsarbeiten zur Wechselwirkung von magnetotaktischen Bakterien mit Uran am Beispiel des Mikroogranismus Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1 konnte gezeigt werden, dass dieser ein interessantes Potential aufweist, Uranyl in wässrigen Systemen zu sorbieren. Es stellte sich heraus, dass unter den gegebenen Bedingungen, zwischen 80 und 95 % der Ausgangskonzentrationen, im Bereich von 0,1 mM, innerhalb von 25 Stunden sorbiert werden konnte. Den Daten ist zu entnehmen, dass die prozentuale Sorptionskapazität durch die Biomassekonzentration beeinflusst werden kann, mit dem Ergebnis, dass mehr Biomasse zu einer höheren Sorption führt und der Sorptionsprozess somit schneller vonstatten geht. Die Variation der Urankonzentration zeigt, dass auch Konzentrationen
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- 2021
30. Lasing effects in micropillar resonators with few quantum emitters
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Gericke, Fabian, Reitzenstein, Stephan, Technische Universität Berlin, and Wiersig, Jan
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spectroscopy ,Quantenpunkte ,photon statistics ,Photonenstatistik ,microlaser ,Photolumineszenz ,quantum dot ,Mikrolaser ,photoluminescence ,ddc:530 ,Spektroskopie ,530 Physik - Abstract
Im Gegensatz zu klassischen Lasern, bei denen viele Emitter mit der Resonatormode wechselwirken, tragen bei Mikrolasern zum Teil nur wenige Quantenemitter zur Emission bei. Bei Mikrolasern mit geringem Modenvolumen ist die elektromagnetische Wechselwirkung zwischen den Quantenemitter und der Resonatormode sehr hoch und kann sich sogar im Regime der starken Kopplung befinden. Die Beschreibung der starken Kopplung erfolgt üblicherweise im Bereich schwacher Anregung und im Rahmen der Quantenelektrodynamik in Resonatoren. Klassische Laser hingegen arbeiten in der Regel bei hoher Anregung im Regime der schwachen Kopplung. Der Übergangsbereich zwischen dem Regime der schwachen Anregung und dem der hohen Anregung ist für Mikrolaser mit wenigen Quantenpunkten kaum erforscht. Dieser Bereich ist von großer Relevanz für die Charakterisierung eines Lasers, da sich die Laserschwelle in diesem Bereich befindet. Bei klassischen Lasern kann die Laserschwelle unter anderem anhand einer ausgeprägten Nichtlinearität in der Eingangs/Ausgangs-Kennlinie ermittelt werden. Für Mikrolaser hingegen zeigen diese und andere Größen kontinuierliche Übergänge von thermischer zu kohärenter Emission und können somit nicht mehr zur eindeutigen Bestimmung der Laserschwelle verwendet werden. Im ersten Teil dieser Arbeit werden Mikrolaser auf Basis von Quantenpunkt-Mikrosäulenresonatoren, bei denen sich im Niederanregungsregime ein einzelner Quantenpunkt in starker Kopplung mit der Resonatormode befindet, hinsichtlich ihrer Lasereigenschaften untersucht. Dazu wird ein Modell vorgestellt, welches die Emissionsspektren im Bereich der Laserschwelle eines stark gekoppelten Systems korrekt beschreiben kann. Dieses Modell kann genutzt werden, um den Übergang vom Regime der starken Kopplung zum Regime der schwachen Kopplung in Abhängigkeit der Laserschwelle zu quantifizieren. Darüber hinaus kann die Kopplungsstärke zwischen dem einzelnen Quantenpunkt und der Resonatormode extrahiert werden. Dieses Modell wurde in Zusammenarbeit mit PD Dr. Christopher Gies und seinen Kollegen an der Universität Bremen erstellt. Die Kopplungsstärke und weiteren Systemparameter werden genutzt, um im Rahmen von numerischen Simulationen, die Messungen zu beschreiben und der Fragestellung nachzugehen: Kann ein einzelner Quantenpunkt die benötigte Verstärkung liefern, um einen Einzel-Quantenpunkt-Laser zu realisieren? Dabei wird das aktive Medium auf zwei Arten simuliert. Die erste Simulation beschreibt einen einzelnen resonant gekoppelten Quantenpunkt als aktives Medium. Dieses simulierte System ist nicht in der Lage, die Laserschwelle zu erreichen oder die in Rahmen dieser Arbeit gewonnenen experimentellen Daten zu beschreiben. Das zweite simulierte System entspricht dem Ersten, wobei zusätzlich zum resonanten Quantenpunkt noch wenige Hintergrundemitter zur Emission beitragen. Dieses simulierte System kann die Gegebenheiten des Experiments quantitativ beschreiben und die Verstärkung des aktiven Mediums genügt, um über die Laserschwelle zu gelangen. In diesem Fall befindet sich das gekoppelte System aus Quantenpunkt und Resonatormode oberhalb der Laserschwelle weiterhin im Regime der starken Kopplung. Damit konnte demonstriert werden, dass starke Kopplung und Lasing in einem Quantenpunkt-Mikroresonatorsystem koexistieren können. Der zweite Teil dieser Arbeit untersucht den Einfluss der Hintergrundemitter auf das Emissionsverhalten eines Quantenpunkt-Mikrolasers. Durch eine umfassende experimentelle und theoretische Studie werden die Beiträge eines einzelnen, resonanten Quantenpunktes und von einem Ensemble von 160 Hintergrundemittern separat betrachtet. Experimentell wird diese Studie durch ein zwei-Farben Anregungsschema ermöglicht. Dabei kann zwischen der Verstärkung eines Quantenpunkt-Ensemble und der Verstärkung von wenige Emitter mit einer begrenzten Verstärkung graduell gewechselt werden. Dieses spiegelt sich wider in einem graduellen Wechsel der Charakteristiken eines makroskopischen Lasers zu denen eines Mikrolasers. Die theoretische Beschreibung des resonanten Quantenpunktes und der Hintergrundemitter erfolgt auf einer mikroskopischen Ebene. Aus dieser mikroskopischen Beschreibung kann ein effektiver Beta-Faktor abgeleitet werden, der den Anteil der spontanen Emission in die Lasermode beschreibt und die verschiedenen Beiträge zur Verstärkung berücksichtigt. Diese theoretische Beschreibung wurde in Zusammenarbeit mit Mawussey Segnon, PD Dr. Christopher Gies und ihren Kollegen an der Universität Bremen erstellt. Der dritte Teil dieser Arbeit untersucht deterministisch hergestellte Quantenpunkt-Laser hinsichtlich ihrer Lasereigenschaften. Bei diesen Strukturen werden die Quantenpunkte mithilfe einer Oxidapertur gezielt in das Maximum des elektrischen Felds innerhalb des Resonators integriert. Mithilfe von Messungen der Photonenzahlstatistik und der Autokorrelationsfunktion zweiter und höherer Ordnung kann gezeigt werden, dass ca. zehn dieser selbstorganisierten Quantenpunkte mit hoher optischer Qualität genügend Verstärkung bereitstellen, um über die Laserschwelle zu gelangen. Ermöglicht wird die Messung der Photonenzahlstatistik und der Autokorrelationsfunktion zweiter und höherer Ordnung durch einen Photonenzahl-auflösenden Detektor. Zusammenfassend eignen sich Laser auf Basis von Quantenpunkt-Mikrosäulenresonatoren vorzüglich, um Effekte der Quantenelektrodynamik in Resonatoren im Halbleitermaterialsystem zu untersuchen. Darüber hinaus besitzen sie großes Potential für neuartige Bauelemente auf Basis von Effekten der Quantenelektrodynamik und sind vergleichsweise einfach in bewährte elektronische und optische Schaltungen auf Halbleiterbasis integrierbar. Bezüglich einer hohen Ausbeute bei der Herstellung dieser Bauelemente, ist ein deterministisches Herstellungsverfahren von außerordentlicher Wichtigkeit., In classical semiconductor lasers, lasing is sustained by stacked quantum wells or by a large number of quantum dots. In contrast, microlasers base their lasing action on only a few quantum emitters which strongly interact with the cavity mode. This interaction of few quantum emitters with the cavity mode is described in the framework of cavity quantum electrodynamics and can take place in the regime of strong coupling, which is usually studied under weak excitation. Classical lasers operate in the regime of weak emitter-cavity coupling but under strong excitation conditions. This region of excitation is crucial for the characterization of a lasers, as it contains the threshold for all kinds of lasers. The region of intermediate excitation is widely unexplored for microlasers. For classical lasers the threshold can be determined e.g. from the nonlinearity in the input-output curve. In the case of microlasers this and other quantities can exhibit a smooth transition from thermal to coherent emission without a pronounced nonlinearity and cannot be used to non-ambiguously determine the laser threshold. The first part of this work examines the laser properties of a quantum dot microlaser were a single quantum dot is strongly coupled to the cavity mode in the weak excitation regime. A theoretical model is introduced to describe the spectra of this strongly coupled system at the lasing threshold. This sophisticated description of the spectra can be used to quantify the regions were the single quantum dot is in the strong and weak coupling regime and the laser threshold. Additionally the system parameters can be extracted and can be used to numerically simulate a single quantum dot inside a cavity. This simulation shows, that the quantum dot under study is not able to provide sufficient gain to cross the laser threshold. To perfectly match experimental observations with simulations a few background quantum dots have to be added to the gain material. With this gain material the structure is able to reach the lasing threshold. The strongly coupled system can cross the laser threshold while staying in the regime of strong coupling. Therefore, this work demonstrates that strong coupling and lasing can coexist in quantum dot microlasers. The theoretical model was developed in cooperation with PD Dr. Christopher Gies and his colleagues from the University of Bremen. The second part of this work analyzes in detail the contribution of the background emitters to lasing. A comprehensive experimental and theoretical study is used to examine separately the contribution of the resonant quantum dot and the contributions of an ensamble of 160 background emitters to laser emission. Experimentally, the study is based on a two-color excitation scheme that allows to switch continuously between the characteristics of a classical laser and of a single-quantum-dot microlaser. The former is composed by a quantum dot ensemble as gain medium while the latter exhibits only few quantum dots contributing to lasing. The theoretical description is based on a microscopic theory with an effective description of the background emitter. With that description an effective Beta-factor can be introduced, which describes the fraction of spontaneous emission, funneled into laser mode by the different gain contributions. This theoretical description was developed in cooperation with Mawussey Segnon, D Dr. Christopher Gies and their colleagues from the University of Bremen. The third part of this work examines micropillar lasers with site-controlled quantum dots as active medium. The fabrication of these lasers is based on an oxide aperture as a burried stressor to deterministically grow quantum dots in the maximum of the electrical field distribution inside the cavity. The examined structure possesses roughly ten quantum dots with a high optical quality. Measurements of the autocorrelation function of second and higher orders and the photon number distribution prove the crossing of the laser threhold. The former measurement was executed with the help of a photon number resolving transition-edge sensor. Quantum dot micropillars are well suited to study the effects of cavity quantum electrodynamics in solid state systems. They are perfectly suited for future solid-state nanophotonic integrated circuits based on cavity quantum electrodynamics effects. Especially the deterministically production of this high quality devices with a high yield is from extraordinary importance.
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- 2021
31. Spektrale Eigenschaften von lateralen Quantenpunkten - Untersuchungen mittels Ladungssensoren basierend auf Quantenpunktkontakten
- Author
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Bredenbach, Johannes and Wharam, David A. (Prof. Dr.)
- Subjects
Quantenpunktkontakt ,spectroscopy ,mesoskopische Physik ,charge sensor ,coulomb blockade ,zweidimensionales Elektronengas ,quantum dot ,electrometer ,Nanostruktur , Quantenpunkt , Heterostruktur , Elektrometer , Halbleiterphysik , Galliumarsenid , Halbleiter , Energiespektrum , Sensor , Coulomb-Blockade ,Ladungssensor ,quantum point contact - Abstract
Ladungssensoren ermöglichen es, die spektralen Eigenschaften von lateralen Quantenpunkten zu untersuchen, unabhängig davon, ob der Quantenpunkt ausgeprägte Coulomb-Blockade-Oszillationen zeigt. Dazu wird ein als Sensor dienender Quantenpunktkontakt ausreichend nah an einem Quantenpunkt definiert, so dass sich Ladungsänderungen des Quantenpunkts aufgrund der Coulomb-Wechselwirkung im Leitwert des Quantenpunktkontakts detektieren lassen. Der sensitive Bereich befindet sich zwischen den quantisierten Leitwertplateaus und wird durch diese beschränkt. Mittels aktiver Sensormessungen, bei denen der Sensorleitwert durch eine Regelung der Gatespannung des Sensors unabhängig von der Konfiguration des Quantenpunkts konstant gehalten wird, kann diese Beschränkung aufgehoben werden. Hierbei muss beachtet werden, dass die in einer aktiven Sensormessung durchgeführte Variation der Gatespannung des Sensors einen Einfluss auf den Quantenpunkt ausübt. Dieser Einfluss kann durch das Bestimmen einer Korrekturfunktion nachträglich mathematisch korrigiert werden. Mittels einer aktiven Sensormessung kann ein Quantenpunkt über einen sehr weiten Bereich bis hin zur vollständigen Entleerung beobachtet werden. Die dadurch erlangte Kenntnis über die exakte Besetzung des Quantenpunkts ermöglicht es, das spektrale Verhalten des Quantenpunkts zu bestimmen. Somit lassen sich die Vorhersagen der für laterale Quantenpunkte häufig angewendeten Verknüpfung des Constant-Interaction-Modells mit der Random-Matrix-Theorie überprüfen. Die in dieser Veröffentlichung vorgestellten Messdaten aus Coulomb-Blockade-Oszillationen, passiven sowie aktiven Sensormessungen zeigen ein vergleichbares Verhalten, welches sich nicht mit den theoretischen Vorhersagen deckt. Daraus folgt, dass die Verknüpfung des Constant-Interaction-Modells mit der Random-Matrix-Theorie laterale Quantenpunkte nicht ausreichend beschreibt.
- Published
- 2020
32. Auflösung der Nebel - Leben in Sicht!
- Author
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Mirwald, Benjamin
- Subjects
ASTRONOMICAL spectroscopy ,NEBULA spectra ,HISTORY of astronomy ,EXTRATERRESTRIAL life ,PLANETARY surfaces ,ASTRONOMY periodicals ,ASTRONOMICAL photography ,NINETEENTH century ,HISTORY - Abstract
While in the second half of the 19th century astrospectroscopy and -photography had contoured new objects of investigation like nebulae, the debate among astronomers about extraterrestrial life intensified. Images did not only play a key role in uprising popular astronomical magazines at that time, they also served as arguments or even as evidence in controversial debates about the nature of nebulae or of planets' surfaces. These debates were not restricted to academic astronomers, on the contrary, amateurs and popularisers were among the most active disputants. Photos and images published in popular magazines were more intensively retouched or manipulated than when they were used in academic communication about astronomy. But the practices of interpretation and speculation, based on drawings and images, stemmed from academic communities. Far reaching conclusions relying on unclear features of astronomical pictures, like in the case of Martian canals, have not only been criticised by other academics. History shows that the ability to scrutinise imaginations about evidence of life in space or about the forming of the solar system was due more to tacitly knowing how images were produced than to having an encyclopaedic recall in astronomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
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33. Surface and Interfacial Chemistry
- Author
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Christophe Copéret
- Subjects
Functional materials ,Nanoparticles ,Oxides ,Spectroscopy ,Surface ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Based on a molecular approach combining controlled surface chemistry, advanced spectroscopic methods, in particular solid-state NMR, and computational chemistry, it is possible to develop single-site species and to control the growth of nanoparticles on supports. This allows the generation of highly efficient catalysts combining the advantages of both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts and function materials with defined properties.
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- 2012
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34. Shining Light at Working Interfaces and Chiral Nanoparticles
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Thomas Bürgi
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Attenuated total reflection ,Chiral surfaces ,Nanoparticles ,Photocatalysis ,Spectroscopy ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
In this article we present an overview of our recent research in the fields of in situ spectroscopy, nanomaterials and chirality. Our research focuses around the spectroscopic investigation of chemical reactions taking place at solid–liquid interfaces. This research goesh and in hand with the development of experimental techniques that enable us to study interface phenomena in situ. Using such techniques we try to shed light on photocatalytic reactions like the decomposition of organic pollutants in water or the reduction of carbon dioxide. We are moreover interested in chiral surfaces and their ability to discriminate betweenen antiomers. Again this relies on special techniques that highlight the enantiodiscriminating surface–adsorbate interactions. We further more seek to transfer chirality from adsorbates to metal nanoparticles. The latter are probed by chiroptical techniques, particularly also vibrational circular dichroism (VCD). Finally, we aim at preparing metamaterials with tailored optical properties by organizing plasmonic particles in two and three dimensions.
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- 2011
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35. The Metal-Thiolate Clusters of Plant Metallothioneins
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Eva Freisinger
- Subjects
Bioinorganic chemistry ,Lmct bands ,Metal-thiolate cluster ,Plant metallothioneins ,Spectroscopy ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
While structures of mammalian metallothioneins and their metal-thiolate clusters have been known for nearly 20 years, the first three-dimensional structure of a plant metallothionein was only published very recently. Also in other aspects, research on plant metallothioneins lags behind what is known about the vertebrate forms. However, in the past years more and more information, mostly based on experiments performed with optical spectroscopy has become available and permit sometimes unforeseen insights. In the following, the different experimental strategies applied in our laboratory will be described together with the progress we have made over the past years in detecting and characterizing the metal-thiolate clusters of plant metallothioneins.
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- 2010
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36. Report on the Latsis Symposium 'Intramolecular Dynamics, Symmetry and Spectroscopy'
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Carine Manca Tanner, Georg Seyfang, and Frédéric Merkt
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Computational methods ,Intramolecular dynamics ,Spectroscopy ,Symmetry ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
We provide here a short review of the Latsis symposium 'Intramolecular Dynamics, Symmetry and Spectroscopy' which took place at the ETH Zürich, Hönggerberg Campus, September 6–10, 2008. The goal of the meeting was to review recent progress in spectroscopy and intramolecular dynamics. A balanced mix of speakers covering theory, experiments and applications reviewed the latest developments and provided new impulses and ideas in this multidisciplinary field.
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- 2009
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37. Water-filtered infrared-A (wIRA) can act as a penetration enhancer for topically applied substances
- Author
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Sterry, Wolfram, Ackermann, Hanns, Hoffmann, Gerd, Schanzer, Sabine, Meyer, Lars, Grone, Diego, Otberg, Nina, and Lademann, Jürgen
- Subjects
water-filtered infrared-A (wIRA) ,penetration ,stratum corneum ,skin barrier ,penetration enhancer ,dermatopharmacokinetics ,dye ,fluorescein ,curcumin ,tape stripping method ,spectroscopy ,laser scanning microscopy ,transepidermal water loss (TEWL) ,hydration of the epidermis ,corneometry ,skin surface temperature ,hydrophilic ,lipophilic ,occlusive dressing ,Medicine - Abstract
Background: Water-filtered infrared-A (wIRA) irradiation has been shown to enhance penetration of clinically used topically applied substances in humans through investigation of functional effects of penetrated substances like vasoconstriction by cortisone. Aim of the study: Investigation of the influence of wIRA irradiation on the dermatopharmacokinetics of topically applied substances by use of optical methods, especially to localize penetrating substances, in a prospective randomised controlled study in humans. Methods: The penetration profiles of the hydrophilic dye fluorescein and the lipophilic dye curcumin in separate standard water-in-oil emulsions were determined on the inner forearm of test persons by tape stripping in combination with spectroscopic measurements. Additionally, the penetration was investigated in vivo by laser scanning microscopy. Transepidermal water loss, hydration of the epidermis, and surface temperature were determined. Three different procedures (modes A, B, C) were used in a randomised order on three separate days of investigation in each of 12 test persons. In mode A, the two dyes were applied on different skin areas without water-filtered infrared-A (wIRA) irradiation. In mode B, the skin surface was irradiated with wIRA over 30 min before application of the two dyes (Hydrosun® radiator type 501, 10 mm water cuvette, orange filter OG590, water-filtered spectrum: 590–1400 nm with dominant amount of wIRA). In mode C, the two dyes were applied and immediately afterwards the skin was irradiated with wIRA over 30 min. In all modes, tape stripping started 30 min after application of the formulations. Main variable of interest was the ratio of the amount of the dye in the deeper (second) 10% of the stratum corneum to the amount of the dye in the upper 10% of the stratum corneum. Results: The penetration profiles of the hydrophilic fluorescein showed in case of pretreatment or treatment with wIRA (modes B and C) an increased penetration depth compared to the non-irradiated skin (mode A): The ratio of the amount of the dye in the deeper (second) 10% of the stratum corneum to the amount of the dye in the upper 10% of the stratum corneum showed medians and interquartile ranges for mode A of 0.017 (0.007/0.050), for mode B of 0.084 (0.021/0.106), for mode C of 0.104 (0.069/0.192) (difference between modes: p=0.0112, significant; comparison mode A with mode C: p
- Published
- 2008
38. Efficient Structure Elucidation of Natural Products in the Pharmaceutical Industry
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Serge Moss, Günter Bovermann, Regis Denay, Julien France, Christian Guenat, Lukas Oberer, Monique Ponelle, and Harald Schröder
- Subjects
Ir database ,Natural products ,Pharmaceutical industry ,Spectroscopy ,Structure elucidation ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
The procedure of structure elucidation of natural products at Novartis is discussed. Structure elucidation in an industrial environment has to be time efficient, which is achieved by an optimized workflow and a close integration of all analytical methods used in this process. After a preliminary dereplication step based on LC/MS, compounds are delivered to the structure analysis unit. A second dereplication step is based on IR spectroscopic data. Subsequent MS analysis leads to the molecular weight or molecular composition. NMR spectroscopy is finally used for complete structure elucidation, respectively for confirmation of structural suggestions made on the basis of IR and MS data. Challenges like a large number of structure elucidation requests, low amounts of material, variation of sample purity or complexity of structures are faced with modern analytical equipment and high expertise in all disciplines.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Bildgebung beim Prostatakarzinom.
- Author
-
Attenberger, U.I., Schoenberg, S.O., Weidner, A., Niyazi, M., Bittencourt, L.K., Buergy, D., Sertdemir, M., and Hausmann, D.
- Abstract
Copyright of Der Onkologe is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Zukunftsweisende MRT-Techniken des fetalen Gehirns.
- Author
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Schöpf, V., Dittrich, E., Berger-Kulemann, V., Kasprian, G., Kollndorfer, K., and Prayer, D.
- Abstract
Copyright of Der Radiologe is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Data-Oriented Process Development: Determination of Reaction Parameters by Small-Scale Calorimetry with in situ Spectroscopy
- Author
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Graeme Puxty, Ulrich Fischer, Marc Jecklin, and Konrad Hungerbühler
- Subjects
Calorimetry ,Kinetic model fitting ,Process optimization ,Spectroscopy ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
The rapid and complete characterization of chemical reaction mechanisms and their associated heat production is of the utmost importance in terms of chemical understanding and process safety and efficiency. In this contribution a new small volume (25–50 ml) combined reaction calorimeter (CRC) will be described. With this reactor it is possible to make calibration free calorimetry measurements and in situ mid-IR measurements simultaneously as well as gas consumption/production measurements in pressure-proof versions. The application of this reactor to the industrially relevant solvent free esterification of 1-butanol by acetic anhydride followed using calorimetry and mid-IR spectroscopy (a common reaction in the synthesis of many solvents, pharmaceuticals and perfumes) will be demonstrated. The results for this chemical system are presented in conjunction with a description of data analysis techniques allowing kinetic model fitting simultaneously to the different types of in situ measurements.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Porphyrin-Substituted Dinucleotides: Synthesis and Spectroscopy
- Author
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Imenne Bouamaied and Eugen Stulz
- Subjects
Dinucleotide ,Maldi-tof ms ,Modified nucleotide ,Porphyrin ,Spectroscopy ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Deoxyuridine, which is substituted with either 5, 15-diphenyl porphyrin (DPP) or 5, 10, 15,20-tetraphenyl porphyrin (TPP) at the 5-position via an alkynyl linker, was dimerised to the homo- and hetero-porphyrin dinucleotide. The synthesis was performed either in solution or on solid phase in order to compare the reactivity of the phosphoramidite building blocks under both conditions. The absorbance properties reveal electronic interactions in the dimers that are strongly dependent on the nature of the porphyrin. The DPP-containing dimers show significant differences between the calculated and the measured UV-Vis spectra, whereas in the TPP dimer hardly any difference is observed. Formation of the duplex with the corresponding diadenosine changes the electronic interactions between the chromophores in the heteroporphyrin dimer, as shown by a blue shift of the absorbance. The low solubility of the DPP dimer in pure chloroform prevented formation of the duplex due to the necessity to add about 10% of methanol. The dimerisation is detectable using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry for all dinucleotides.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Multiparametrische MRT der Prostata zum Therapiemonitoring nach Strahlentherapie.
- Author
-
Weidner, A.M., Dinter, D.J., Bohrer, M., Sertdemir, M., Hausmann, D., Wenz, F., and Schoenberg, S.O.
- Abstract
Copyright of Der Radiologe is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. 'Mild cognitive impairment'.
- Author
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Hauser, T., Thomann, P. A., Stieltjes, B., and Essig, M.
- Abstract
Copyright of Der Radiologe is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. MR-Spektroskopie bei Demenz.
- Author
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Hauser, T., Gerigk, L., Giesel, F., Schuster, L., and Essig, M.
- Abstract
Copyright of Der Radiologe is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. „Spectral imaging“.
- Author
-
Birngruber, C., Ramsthaler, F., Heidorn, F., and Verhoff, M.A.
- Abstract
Copyright of Rechtsmedizin is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Ab initio Vibration-Rotation Spectroscopy
- Author
-
Walter Thiel
- Subjects
Ammonia ,Computational chemistry ,Force fields ,Reactive molecules ,Spectroscopy ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
This review surveys recent theoretical work from our group in the area of vibration-rotation spectroscopy. It addresses the computation of anharmonic force fields and spectroscopic constants in the context of rovibrational perturbation theory as well as variational calculations of vibrational levels, on the basis of highly accurate ab initio potential energy surfaces. Results are presented for three case studies involving difluorovinylidene, bismuthine, and ammonia, to illustrate current contributions from ab initio quantum chemistry to spectroscopic studies.
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Combined Spectroscopic/Computational Studies of Metal Centers in Proteins and Cofactors: Application to Coenzyme B12
- Author
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Thomas C. Brunold
- Subjects
Bioinorganic chemistry ,Coenzyme b12 ,Density functional theory ,Metalloenzymes ,Spectroscopy ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
This article illustrates how the combined computational/spectroscopic methodology used in our studies of metal centers in proteins and cofactors can be applied to vitamin B12 and its biologically relevant derivatives. The B12 cofactors have long fascinated chemists because of their complex structures and unusual reactivities in biological systems; however, their electronic absorption (Abs) spectra have remained largely unassigned. In this study, Abs, circular dichroism (CD), magnetic CD (MCD), and resonance Raman spectroscopic techniques are used to probe the electronic excited states of various Co3+ Cbl species that differ with respect to their upper axial ligand. Spectroscopic data for each species are analyzed within the framework of time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) to assign the major spectral features and to generate experimentally validated bonding descriptions. A simple model is presented that explains why the identity of the upper axial ligand has a major effect on the Co–Nax bond strength, whereas the lower axial ligand does not appreciably modulate the nature of the Co–C bond. Impli- cations of these results with respect to enzymatic Co–C bond activation are discussed.
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Funktionelle Bildgebung bei Hirntumoren (Perfusion, DTI, MR-Spektroskopie).
- Author
-
Essig, M., Giesel, F., Stieltjes, B., and Weber, M. A.
- Abstract
Copyright of Der Radiologe is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Extension of the discrete sources method to investigate the non-local effect influence on non-spherical core-shell particles
- Author
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Thomas Wriedt, Yuri Eremin, and Adrian Doicu
- Subjects
Physics ,Radiation ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Rotational symmetry ,Shell (structure) ,Physics::Optics ,Near and far field ,Atmosphärenprozessoren ,01 natural sciences ,Molecular physics ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Blueshift ,Amplitude ,electromagnetic scattering ,Physics::Atomic and Molecular Clusters ,discrete sources method ,Surface plasmon resonance ,Refractive index ,Spectroscopy ,Plasmon ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
The Discrete Sources Method (DSM) has been extended to model non-spherical, axisymmetric core-shell particles by taking into account the Non-local Effect (NLE). For this purpose, the Generalized Non-local Optical Response (GNOR) model of the NLE has been employed. By using the extended DSM numerical scheme, prolate and oblate core-shell spheroidal particles have been examined. The simulation results show that the influence of the NLE on both the far and the near field properties of plasmonic core-shell particles is essential. In particular it has been found that the plasmon resonance amplitude is decreased by about 40%, the near field intensity is reduced up to one order of a magnitude, and the blue shift of the plasmon resonance can reach value of 15 nm. Besides, it has been demonstrated that a larger shell refractive index leads to a higher value of the plasmon resonance.
- Published
- 2019
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