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Nocturnal enuresis is one of the most common problems in childhood. In this article a standardized terminology for basic diagnostics additionally to extended diagnostics will be presented. Depending on the findings a specialized therapy can be performed. Besides drug therapy with antidiuretic hormone (ADH) sleep arousal devices can be used and the combination of both approaches also shows excellent results. At the end of therapy a protracted withdrawal shows better results than abrupt cessation.

Objectives: Sleep disorders are frequently observed in Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). At the same time, however, there is little evidence of their prevalence and their specific characteristics. Also unclear is a possible pathogenetic relationship between disturbed sleep and the core symptoms of ADHD. There are still very few findings on the role of comorbid internal and neurological disorders like sleep apnea and restless legs syndrome in the differential diagnosis of ADHD., Methods: We present an overview of the current literature, describing the most important results concerning sleep disorders in ADHD., Results: A principal goal of future assessments is to ascertain whether sleep problems in children with ADHD represent unspecific concurrent symptoms or whether they play a substantial role in the pathogenesis of ADHD., Conclusions: Moreover a possibly increased risk of comorbid sleep-disordered breathing disorder might be an important issue in the differential diagnostic considerations with regard to ADHD.