38 results on '"Scanner"'
Search Results
2. Automatic, log file-based process analysis of a clinical 1.5T MR scanner: a proof-of-concept study
- Author
-
Peter Schramm, Jörn Borgert, Tobias Boppel, Alex Frydrychowicz, Jörg Barkhausen, Joachim Schmidt, Thomas Erik Amthor, and Victoria Sieber
- Subjects
Protocol (science) ,Scanner ,Logfile ,Computer science ,business.industry ,Cost effectiveness ,Process (computing) ,computer.software_genre ,Automation ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Proof of Concept Study ,Visualization ,Proof of concept ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Data mining ,business ,Child ,computer - Abstract
In light of the steadily increasing need for economical efficacy and capacity utilization it was the aim of this proof-of-concept work to implement an automated logfile-based analysis tool for MRI scanner utilization and to establish a process analysis. As a primary step, analyses of scanner and protocol utilization, parametrization of protocol processes, their durations, age dependency, and scan efficacy were to be tested. Logfiles were continuously extracted from a 1.5 T MR scanner (Philips Achieva) and automatically explored for relevant scan parameters. Parameters were extracted into a database and logically combined to protocol parameters. Visualization was achieved using PowerBI (Microsoft, USA). Data aggregation comprised a day-based and protocol-based strategy. In addition, age- and regional-based testing was performed. The frequency of protocol usage was evaluated and those protocols with frequent usage compared regarding efficacy to those rarely used. After successful technical implementation, 3659 MR exams were available for further analysis. Out of a plethora of parameters, those relevant to the understanding of the scan process were identified. The initial results mirror the daily scanner usage and allow identifying, e. g., shortened scanner usage on Fridays or longer examination times in children. A scan efficacy of 69.6 ± 17.6 % excluding preparation process was identified as a parameter with high potential to be optimized in daily routine. The logfile-based analysis of MR scanner processes was successfully introduced and holds the promise to be extended into a comprehensive analytic tool for the analysis and optimization of scanner processes. In combination with other variables from the departmental or institutional infrastructure or patient-specific information such tool may be developed into a intelligent steering tool. · The automated log file analysis of MR-scanner processes was successfully introduced. · The log file-analysis allows for a detailed analysis of scanner processes. · From a log file-analysis, there is potential benefit to users, applications specialists and developers.· Frydrychowicz A, Boppel T, Sieber V et al. Automatic, log file-based process analysis of a clinical 1.5T MR scanner: a proof-of-concept study. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2021; 193: 919 - 927.ZIEL: Vor dem Hintergrund stetig wachsender Anforderungen bzgl. Effizienzsteigerung und Scannerauslastung war es das Ziel dieser Machbarkeitsstudie, eine automatisierte Logfile-basierte Prozessanalyse an einem MRT-Scanner der klinischen Routine einzurichten, eine Prozessmetrisierung zu erreichen und Auswertungen der Auslastung, Protokollnutzung, Altersabhängigkeiten und Effizienz durchzuführen. Logfiles eines 1,5T-MR-Scanners (Philips Achieva) wurden automatisch exportiert, relevante Daten extrahiert, einer Datenbank zugeführt, zu definierten Ablaufparametern zusammengeführt und mittels PowerBI (Microsoft, USA) visualisiert. Daten wurden tages- und protokollbezogen aggregiert und bezogen auf Regionen und Alterskategorien ausgewertet. Analysen der Häufigkeiten, Identifikation der häufigsten Protokolle und deren Vergleich sowie Effizienzanalysen wurden durchgeführt. Nach erfolgreicher Implementierung standen nach Einschluss von 3659 Untersuchungen eine Vielzahl von Ablaufparametern und Bewertungsmöglichkeiten zur Verfügung. Aus diesen wurden Parameter identifiziert, die den Scannerablauf wiedergeben. Erste Ergebnisse spiegelten erfolgreich die täglichen Prozesse und Unterschiede wider, z. B. die verkürzte Messzeit an Freitagen und längere Untersuchungszeiten bei Kindern. Als optimierungswürdig wurde die um Vorbereitungsprozesse bereinigte Scaneffizienz von 69,6 ± 17,6 % ermittelt, die geringe Unterschiede zwischen häufig und selten genutzten Protokollen aufwies. Die Logfile-basierte Analyse der Scannerabläufe wurde erfolgreich vorgestellt und öffnet weitreichende Möglichkeiten zur Prozessanalyse, Prozessoptimierung und Kombination mit strukturellen Umgebungsvariablen, die zukünftig für eine intelligentere Ablauf- und Prozesssteuerung eingesetzt werden können. · Eine automatisierte Logfile-Analyse der Prozesse eines MRT-Scanners ist erfolgreich eingeführt worden.. · Die Logfile-basierte Analyse erlaubt eine detaillierte Analyse der Abläufe eines Scanners.. · Die Logfile-basierte Prozessanalyse verspricht weitreichenden Nutzen für Anwender, Applikationsspezialist und Entwickler..· Frydrychowicz A, Boppel T, Sieber V et al. Automatic, log file-based process analysis of a clinical 1.5T MR scanner: a proof-of-concept study. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2021; 193: 919 – 927.
- Published
- 2021
3. Web Application for Analysis and Evaluation of Java Projects
- Author
-
Erdogan, Eren
- Subjects
Source Code Analysis ,Scanner ,Framework ,Web-Application ,Web-Applikation ,Source Code Analyse - Abstract
Die vorliegende Masterarbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Source Code Analyse und dem Source Code Monitoring für Java Projekte. Es werden die wichtigsten Grundbegriffe bzw. Elemente dieses Analyseprozesses skizziert, die Ergebnisse sind dann über die Schnittstellen auszulesen bzw. zu reporten. Im Mittelpunkt dieser Arbeit stehen die Software Test Methoden, welche in mehreren Unterkapiteln beschrieben werden. Im Zuge dieser Arbeit wurde ein Master Projekt erstellt, welches mithilfe eines externen Analyse-Framework Software Projektes bzw. Files analysiert wurde. Als dazu passendes externes Framework wurde SonarQube bzw. SonarScanner verwendet. Die Files, die über den Browser hochgeladen werden, können mit wenigen Klicks getestet werden. Die Analyseergebnisse werden hierbei wieder im Browser angezeigt. Als Analyse-Beispiel wurden kleinere Software Projekte mit dem Analyse Framework getestet und die Ergebnisse diskutiert. Es ist zu erwähnen, dass die Analyseergebnisse Annäherungswerte sind und von der Realität abweichen können. Die Ergebnisse können als Ansatzpunkte oder auch Vergleichswerte verwendet werden. The Master thesis deals with the source code analysis and source code monitoring for Java projects. The work contains the most important basic terms and/or elements, such as frameworks and interfaces. In addition count for example Framework and interfaces, which are used for the topic. Over the interfaces the analysis results are read out and/or reported. An important heading of this work are the software test methods. In several subchapters the most important methods are briefly described. In the course of this work a master project was provided. The project analyzes with the help of an external analysis framework software projects and/or files. SonarQube or Sonar-Scanner was used as external analysis framework. The files, which are uploaded via the browser, can be tested with a few clicks. The analysis results are displayed again in the browser. As an analysis example, smaller software projects were tested with the analysis framework and the results discussed. It should be mentioned that the analysis results are approximations and may differ from reality. However, the results can be very helpful, since they provide starting points or also comparison values. vorgelegt von: Eren Erdogan Masterarbeit Wien, FH Campus Wien 2021
- Published
- 2021
4. Entwicklung eines Multifunktionsdrucksystems nach dem Modell der Kreislaufwirtschaft
- Author
-
Krier, Tessy
- Subjects
Drucker ,Scanner ,B��rozubeh��r ,Kreislaufwirtschaft ,Reparatur - Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Ultrafast stamping by combination of synchronized galvanometer scanning with DOE’s or SLM
- Author
-
Stefan M. Remund, Beat Neuenschwander, Torsten Mähne, Markus Gafner, and Michalina V. Chaja
- Subjects
0209 industrial biotechnology ,Scanner ,Materials science ,business.industry ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,Stamping ,Galvanometer ,Laser ,01 natural sciences ,law.invention ,Synchronization (alternating current) ,symbols.namesake ,020901 industrial engineering & automation ,Optics ,QC Physics ,law ,Electromagnetic shielding ,symbols ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Diffractive beam splitter ,business ,Ultrashort pulse ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
The up-scaling of laser micromachining processes with ultrashort pulses is limited due to heat accumulation and shielding effects. Multi beam scanning represents one of the strategies to overcome this drawback. It is in general realized by combining a diffractive beam splitter with a galvanometer scanner. A full synchronization with the laser repetition rate offers new possibilities with minimum thermal impact. We will demonstrate this by means of a multipulse-drilling on the fly process with a regular 5x5 spot pattern having a spot to spot spacing of 160µm. At a repetition rate of 100 kHz and an average power of 16 W we were able to drill more than 2’300 holes/s in a 10µm thick steel foil. We have further extended this technology with a special light modulator for different periodic spot patterns and more complex intensity distributions.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Laserstapedotomie.
- Author
-
Albers, A.E., Wagner, W., Stölzel, K., Schönfeld, U., and Jovanovic, S.
- Abstract
Copyright of HNO is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Kurzbericht zum Workshop Netzwerk Digitale Reproduktion in Bibliotheken an der ULB Darmstadt
- Author
-
Ottinger, Till
- Subjects
Digitalisierung ,Scanner ,Reproduktion ,Workshop ,lcsh:Z ,lcsh:Bibliography. Library science. Information resources - Abstract
o-bib. Das offene Bibliotheksjournal / Herausgeber VDB, Bd. 6 Nr. 3 (2019)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Gewebeschädigung und -regeneration nach Laseranwendung unter Verwendung unterschiedlicher Scanning-Systeme.
- Author
-
Weibrich, G., Wahlmann, U., Kunkel, M., Reichert, T., and Wagner, W.
- Abstract
Copyright of Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Alterungsprozesse und Enzymveränderungen im Parotisgewebe der Ratte.
- Author
-
Chilla, R., Arglebe, Ch., and Arold, R.
- Abstract
Copyright of Archives of Oto-rhino-laryngology is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 1974
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Laser skin resurfacing Er:YAG Laser und cw-CO2 Laser mit Scannersystem im Seitenvergleich.
- Author
-
Hohenleutner, S., Hohenleutner, U., Bäumler, W., and Landthaler, M.
- Abstract
Copyright of Der Hautarzt is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Die Modenverwirbelungskammer als alternative Messumgebung für Kompatibilitätstest in der Magnetresonanztomographie
- Author
-
Pannicke, Enrico, Magdowski, Mathias, and Vick, Ralf
- Subjects
Sicherheitsstufe ,Scanner ,ddc:621,3 ,Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::620 | Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau::621 | Angewandte Physik::621,3 | Elektrotechnik, Elektronik ,Geräteentwicklung ,interventionelle Magnetresonanztomographie ,Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik ,Sicherheitskonzept ,Patientensicherheit ,Modenverwirbelungskammer ,Kompatibilitätstest ,MR-Bildgebung ,Bildgebung ,ddc:600 ,Gewährleistung ,Konferenzschrift ,Produktentwicklung - Abstract
Durch den Übergang vom diagnostischen zum therapeutischen Gebrauch der MR-Bildgebung wurde von Pannicke et.al. ein Sicherheitskonzept für die Produktentwicklung der interventionellen Magnetresonanztomographie vorgestellt. Dieses beinhaltete neben der Gewährleistung der Patientensicherheit auch eine zweite Stufe - die sogenannte Behandlungssicherheit. Kernaussage dieser verschärften Sicherheitsstufe ist, dass die Bildgebung des Scanners nicht durch externe Geräte gestört werden darf, da sonst der Abbruch der Behandlung droht. Dies stellt für die Entwicklung von Geräten, die in dieser Umgebung eingesetzt werden sollen eine verschärfte Anforderung dar, die mittlerweile auch in der DIN-EN-60601 als Untersuchung der besonderen EMV-Umgebung gefordert ist.
- Published
- 2018
12. Geometrie-Scanner
- Author
-
Bartsch, Leander
- Subjects
Lego Mindstorms ,Scanner ,Matlab Bildverarbeitung ,Objekterkennung ,Flächeninhalt - Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Bau eines flächenberechnenden Scanners
- Author
-
Hamann, Chris-Marvin
- Subjects
Scanner ,Flächenberechnung ,Formenerkennung ,Lego ,Mindstorms ,Matlab - Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Optische Systeme für die hochpräzise, scannerbasierte Multistrahlbearbeitung mit ultrakurzen Laserpulsen
- Author
-
Büsing, Lasse, Loosen, Peter, and Ostendorf, Andreas
- Subjects
ultrakurze Pulse ,Lasertechnik ,Parallelbearbeitung ,Scanner ,Ingenieurwissenschaften und Maschinenbau ,ddc:620 ,Optische Systeme ,Dispersion ,diffraktive optische Elemente - Abstract
The utilization of ultra-short pulses (< 10 ps) has been established in several fields of laser technology for processing most different materials with highest precision. Currently, one of the key challenges is the increase of processing throughput and therefore the development of optical systems which enable an efficient distribution of laser radiation onto the work piece. The multi-beam technology thereby represents an alternative to fast deflection systems and is therefore investigated within this thesis. In particular, position deviations for several foci at the work piece are considered which are induced for example by beam deflection systems. An additional research priority is the analysis of dispersion-related effects, which occur due to the increased bandwidth of ultra-short laser pulses and especially affect applications in the field of multi-beam technology. Beside simulation and analysis methods, different approaches to increase the spatial accuracy as well as to homogenize the pulse properties are developed and applied.
- Published
- 2016
15. Comparison of conventinal and digital dental impressions of prepared teeth
- Author
-
Bosniac, Patricia Alessandra and Poliklinik für Zahnärztliche Prothetik
- Subjects
pvs ,Scanner ,Abformung ,Silikon ,ddc:610 ,Laborscanner ,Intraoral ,laboratory ,Medical sciences Medicine ,impression - Abstract
Das Ziel dieser in-vivo Studie war es, die marginale Diskrepanz von Zirkoniumoxid-Käppchen, die mithilfe zwei direkter und einer indirekten digitalen Abformmethode hergestellt wurden, miteinander zu vergleichen. Insgesamt wurden bei 23 Patienten 63 Zähne zur Aufnahme einer Kronenrestauration präpariert und nachfolgend intraoral digitalisiert sowie konventionell abgeformt. Hierfür wurden die zwei Intraoralscanner CEREC AC Omnicam und Cara TRIOS verwendet. Die konventionelle Abformung wurde mit dem scanbaren A-Silikon Flexitime fast&scan nach der Korrektur-Technik ausgeführt und anschließend mit dem Laborscanner D700 indirekt digitalisiert. Auf Grundlage der resultierenden Datensätze wurden Offset-Käppchen aus Zirkoniumoxid gefräst. Für die Erhebung der marginalen Diskrepanz wurden Replika der Käppchen hergestellt und unter einem digitalen Mikroskop vermessen. Die statistische Auswertung zeigte keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen den beiden Intraoralscannern CEREC AC Omnicam (Mittelwert: 86,09 micrometer ±61,46 micrometer) und Cara TRIOS (Mittelwert: 88,95 micrometer ±54,46 micrometer). Dahingegen war zwischen den Intraoralscannern und dem Laborscan der konventionellen Abformung (Mittelwert: 143,29 micrometer ±100,71 micrometer) ein statistisch signifikanter Unterschied festzustellen. Beide Intraoralscanner erzielten Werte für die marginale Diskrepanz, die der Forderung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Zahm-, Mund- und Kieferheilkunde,[177] dass der Randspalt unter 100 micrometer betragen soll, gerecht werden. Der Laborscan der konventionellen Abformung musste jedoch mit durchschnittlich deutlich höheren Werten als klinisch nicht mehr akzeptabel eingestuft werden. Zusammenfassend lässt sich festhalten, dass sich mithilfe der zwei Intraoralscanner im klinischen Umfeld Einzelzahn-Restaurationen mit einer guten Passgenauigkeit herstellen lassen, sofern die Präparationsgrenze gut einsehbar und trocken zu halten ist. Die Methode des indirekten Laborscans einer konventionellen Abformung stieß im klinischen Studienaufbau an ihre Grenzen und führte zu Restaurationen mit zu großen Randspalten. Eine Verbesserung dieser Methode wäre also wünschenswert. This in-vivo study aimed at comparing the marginal discrepancy of zirconia copings, manufactured on the basis of two direct and one indirect digital impression method. A total of 63 teeth in 23 patients were prepared for receiving full-coverage crowns. Subsequently these teeth were scanned intraorally using CEREC AC Omnicam and Cara TRIOS and a conventional impression was taken with the PVS Flexitime fast&scan, implementing a two-step putty-wash technique. The conventional impression was then digitized extraorally using the laboratory scanner D700. Zirconia copings were manufactured on the basis of all resulting datasets. In the following silicone-replica of the copings were produced and sectioned for the measurement of the marginal discrepancy under a digital microscope at 200-300 magnification. The statistical analysis showed no significant differences between the two intraoral scanners CEREC AC Omnicam (86.09 micrometer ±61.46 micrometer) and Cara TRIOS (88.95 micrometer ±54.46 micrometer). However, the comparison of the intraoral scans and the laboratory scan of the conventional impression (143.29 micrometer ±100.71 micrometer) demonstrated statistically significant differences. Both intraoral scanners achieved marginal discrepancy below 100 micrometer, which met the requirements of the DGZMK,[177] whereas the laboratory scan exhibited considerably higher values, which exceeded the requirements and therefore classified as clinically not acceptable. Concluding the above, it is possible to state that intraoral scanners allow the production of single-tooth-restorations with an adequate marginal fit, provided that the finish line is visible and can be kept dry. The method of digitizing a conventional impression using a laboratory scanner seemed to have reached its limits in the clinical environment, as it lead to vast marginal gaps in the copings. A future improvement of the latter method would therefore be favorable.
- Published
- 2016
16. The Analysis of Some Contemporary Computer Mikrosystems
- Author
-
Angelė Kaulakienė and Aušra Rimkutė
- Subjects
lcsh:Philology. Linguistics ,lcsh:P1-1091 ,software ,peripheral device ,hardware ,interface ,scanner ,terminal ,computer ,printer - Abstract
In every language a twofold process could be observed: 1) a huge surge of new terms and 2) a big part of these new terms make their way into the common language. The nucleus of the vocabulary and the grammatical system of the common language make the essence of a language and its national originality. Because of such an intensive development in the future terminological lexis can become a basis of a common language and it ought to be not a spontaneously formed sum of terminological lexis, but an entirety of consciously created terms, which meet the requirements of language, logic and terminology. Computer terminology, by comparison with terminology of other fields, is being created in a slightly unusual way. The first computation institutions in Lithuania were established in early sixties and a decade later there were a few computation centres and a number of key-operated and punch machines working. Together with the new computational technology many new devices, units, parts, phenomena and characteristics appeared, which needed naming. Specialists faced an obvious shortage of Lithuanian terms for computing equipment. In 1971 this gap was partly filled by „Rusų-lietuvių-anglų kalbų skaičiavimo technikos žodynas“ (Russian-Lithuanian-English dictionary of computing equipment), which for a long time (for more than 20 years) was the only one terminological dictionary of this field. Only during nineties a few dictionaries of different scope appeared. Computer terminology from ten dictionaries, which are presently available, shows that 35 year period of computer terminology is a stage of its creation, the main features of which are reasonable synonymy (when both international term are being used to name the concept) and variability. Such state of Lithuanian computer terminology is predetermined by some linguistic, interlinguistic and sociolinguistic factors. At present in Lithuania terminological dictionaries of various fields are being given to the State Commission of the Lithuanian Language for its approval. The regulations of the evaluation of terminological dictionaries suggest two-level approbation. If terms are systematized and normalized to a satisfactory level, on the title page of the dictionary there is an inscription “The State Commission of the Lithuanian Language does not object”. If terms are systematized and normalized very well, the value of the most of terms is proven by the longer usage and the ratio of Lithuanian and borrowed terms is acceptable, the dictionary gets an approbations “The State Commission of the Lithuanian language approves”. All terminology dictionaries have an approbation of the first level. Thus doubts should arise concerning the needs of such an approbation.
- Published
- 2011
17. Anwendungsbezogene TLS-Prüfung - Untersuchung der Formtreue von Phasenvergleichsscannern
- Author
-
Geist, Michael, Grewe, Olaf, Knaack, Lisa, and Publica
- Subjects
Scanner ,AGP ,Prüfung ,Laser ,Laserscanner - Abstract
In dem Beitrag werden die Untersuchungen zur Formtreue terrestrischer Laserscanner (TLS) vorgestellt. Grundlage der Untersuchungen bilden die erhöhten Anforderungen beim Einsatz von Laserscannern im industriellen Umfeld. Vorgestellt werden die Vergleichsergebnisse von fünf Phasenvergleichsscannern in Verbindung mit einem alternativen Prüfkörper. Aus den durchgeführten Analysen ergibt sich für die Anwendungen der Bedarf zusätzlicher Kenngrößen, die die bisherigen Vorschläge zur Prüfung von TLS ergänzen.
- Published
- 2013
18. Entwicklung eines ultraschnellen elektro-optischen Scanners für STED-Nanoskopie
- Author
-
Schneider, Jale and Kurz, Heinrich
- Subjects
Mikroskopie ,Ingenieurwissenschaften ,ultraschneller Scanner ,Scanner ,STED microscopy ,STED Mikroskopie ,ultrafast scanning ,microscopy ,ddc:620 - Abstract
Fluorescence microscopy is a widely used technique in biology and other life sciences. It enables non-invasive imaging of specifically labeled tissue, cellular structures or molecules. Information about the structure as well as molecular interactions within intact biological samples can be gained. Since the invention of fluorescence microscopy, numerous techniques have attained to maximize the signal to noise ratio as well as the spatial and temporal resolution. In this work, an ultrafast electro-optical laser scanning system is developed aiming to improve these performance parameters. The scanning system is integrated into STED microscopes which allow diffraction unlimited high spatial resolution through stimulated emission of the fluorophores. With the scanner, the pixel dwell time is reduced down to the fundamental limit of fluorescence lifetime. The developed setup is currently the fastest STED microscope. Compared to conventional systems, the frame rate is increased three to five orders of magnitude. It enables to observe dynamic processes with a temporal resolution of < 1 ms. Furthermore, the image build up has become a stochastic character since every pixel is illuminated only with one single laser pulse per frame. This is the first device for fluorescence microscopy which operates temporally stochastic but spatially deterministic. At the same time the scanner reduces photobleaching (permanent loss of fluorescence signal). The short pixel dwell time prevents the fluorophores from being illuminated by subsequent laser pulses per scan which would push them into the higher energy states leading to bleaching. Additionally, molecules in such states can relax between two repetitive scans in the ground state and take part at every fluorescence cycle. Applications of wide range have shown a 1.5 to 4.5 times higher fluorescence yield through this new imaging strategy. The resolution performance of the STED technique benefits, too. Through the reduction of bleaching and the flexible and dynamic image acquisition time, the power of the STED laser can be increased leading to higher resolution. Even on samples labeled with the popular but quite sensitive green fluorescent protein (GFP), a spatial resolution of < 50 nm is achieved for the first time. The STED microscope with the ultrafast scanning system is therefore the first fluorescence microscope which enables a high temporal resolution up to > 1000 fps, high spatial resolution down to < 50 nm and a up to 4.5 times increased fluorescence signal in one setup. Thus, new and challenging biological questions for example in the field of DNA dynamics or synaptic interactions can be addressed in more detail.
- Published
- 2013
19. Passgenauigkeit von Kronen nach optischer Abformung im Vergleich mit konventionellen Verfahren
- Author
-
Brückel, Cora and Justus Liebig University Giessen
- Subjects
ddc:610 ,Scanner ,digital impression ,Digitale Abformung - Abstract
Ziel der hier präsentierten Studie war es, die Passgenauigkeit von Kronen, die einerseits auf der Basis klassischer Abformtechniken hergestellt und andererseits via intraoraler Scannverfahren übertragen und gefertigt wurden, zu vergleichen. Zusätzlich wurden die unterschiedlichen verwendeten Restaurationswerkstoffe und die zur Anfertigung der Prüfkörper beauftragten Labore untereinander verglichen. Zur Durchführung der Studie wurde zunächst ein Urmodell aus Edelstahl angefertigt. Der Zahnkranz wurde in Gips gefasst; Zahn 16 stellte den Urstumpf dar. Er bestand aus einem Metallpfeiler, der mit einer Hohlkehlpräparationsgrenze versehen war. Die zirkulär angrenzenden, 2 mm planparallelen Flächen dienten zur Durchführung der Messungen. Der Stumpf lief oberhalb diese Bereichs nach okklusal hin konisch (6°) zusammen. Ein zweiter Urstumpf mit einer matten Oberfläche wurde zur Durchführung der Scans nach identischen Kriterien angefertigt. Mittels einer Verschraubung auf der Modellunterseite konnten die Urstümpfe ausgetauscht werden. Für die Herstellung der Prüfkörper wurden zuerst 40 Korrektur- und 10 Doppelmischabformungen durchgeführt. Es wurden 90 Kronen von drei verschiedenen zahntechnischen Laboren angefertigt (Nacera Zirkon n= 30; LAVA Zirkon n= 20; EMF-Legierung n= 10; goldhaltige Legierung n= 30). Im Anschluss wurden 10 Scans mit dem LCOS-Scanner und 20 Scans mit der CEREC-Bluecam durchgeführt. Zwei der Labore fertigten auf deren Basis Kronen (LAVA Zirkon n= 20; Empress CAD n= 10). Im Eigenlabor unserer Poliklinik wurden weitere 10 Kronen auf Basis von 10 CEREC-Scans angefertigt (Vita Mark II n= 10). Die Prüfkörper wurden nach zwei Kriterien untersucht. Zuerst wurde mit Hilfe einer 3D Koordinaten-Messmaschine (CNC Rapid, THOME GmbH, Messel, Messmaschinennummer: P 654203, Baujahr: 04/ 2007) die interne Wiedergabegenauigkeit, der sogenannte resultierende Formfehler im Vergleich zum Urstumpf ermittelt. Der zweite Untersuchungsparameter war die absolute marginale Diskrepanz, die nach der von Holmes 1989 32 publizierten Methode unter einem Messmakroskop M420 (Leica, Bensheim, 20 bis 80fache Vergrößerung) bestimmt wurde.Zur Durchführung der statistischen Auswertung wurde die SPSS Software, Version 15.0 (SPSS GmbH Software, München, Deutschland) verwendet. Im Anschluss an die varianzanalytische Auswertung wurde der Games-Howel-Test durchgeführt.Die Ergebnisse der ermittelten Formfehler ergaben die signifikant höchsten Abweichungen vom Urstumpf für die Kronen auf Basis der CEREC-Scans. Alle anderen Prüfgruppen wiesen ähnliche Werte auf. Die absoluten marginalen Diskrepanzen waren bei den CEREC-Scan-Kronen signifikant geringer als bei den Kronen auf Basis von Korrekturabformungen. Zwischen den Kronen aus LCOS-Scan und CEREC-Scan bestand kein signifikanter Unterschied. Insgesamt kann man sagen, dass die Genauigkeit der digitalen Abformungen in dieser Studie vergleichbar mit der Genauigkeit der konventionellen Abformtechniken war. Besonders vielversprechend sind die Ergebnisse im Bereich der absoluten marginalen Diskrepanz, wogegen im Bezug auf die Wiedergabegenauigkeit der internen Geometrie noch Verbesserungsbedarf besteht. Weitere, vor allem klinische Studien müssen folgen, um das Potential der digitalen Abformung als Alternative zu den konventionellen Techniken hinreichend beurteilen zu können. Besonders an der noch bestehenden Schwierigkeit der Darstellung subgingivaler Bereiche muss auch von Seiten der Entwickler weiter gearbeitet werden, um die Vorstellung von einer abformfreien Zahnarztpraxis vielleicht in Zukunft Realität werden zu lassen., The purpose of this study was to evaluate the marginal accuracy and internal roundness of crowns fabricated from intraoral digital impressions in comparison of conventional crowns based on traditional impressions. A steel model of a fully dentate upper jaw was made. The first upper right molar was prepared as a master cast with a chamfer margin, a circular parallel area of 2mm and a conical (6°) area of 2.5mm on top. 40 impressions of the model were taken in a two-step and 10 impressions in one-step putty-wash impression technique. In three different dental laboratories, 90 conventional crowns were fabricated using different restorative materials (low gold, high gold,) (Nacera Zirkon n= 30; LAVA Zirkon n= 20; cobalt chromium n= 10; gold n= 30).Afterwards 30 scans were taken from the master cast (10x LCOS; 20X CEREC-Bluecam), and processed in the manufacturer s digital workflow. Two dental laboratories fabricated 30 crowns (LAVA Zirkon n= 20; Empress CAD n= 10). Furthermore 10 crowns (Vita Mark II) were milled in our proper laboratory.The internal roundness (major diameter) was accessed and compared to the master using a 3D coordinate measuring machine (CNC Rapid, THOME, Germany). The marginal accuracy of the crowns was accessed with a travelling macroscope (M420 Leitz, Germany) at four predetermined measuring sites on the original master. For statistical analysis the Games-Howell-Test was used (p
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Erforschung der Hintergründe unterschiedlicher Zerstörungsgrade von Wandmalereien innerhalb reformistischer Bewegungen durch Untersuchungen mittels THz-Strahlung - TERAART : Zusammenfassung zum Schlussbericht zum Teilvorhaben des Verbundprojektes TERAART ; Bearbeitungszeitraum vom 01.06.2008 bis 30.09.2011
- Author
-
Fraunhofer-Institut Für Werkstoff- Und Strahltechnik
- Subjects
Restaurierung, Konservierung, Fälschung ,Scanner ,Ikonoklasmus ,Überdeckung ,Visualisierung ,Terahertzbereich ,Wandmalerei - Abstract
Ill., graph. Darst.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Schnelle Rasterkraftmikroskopie durch moderne Regelungstechnik und mechatronische Systemintegration
- Author
-
Juergen Steininger, Shingo Ito, Georg Schitter, and Stefan Kuiper
- Subjects
Scanner ,Materials science ,SPM ,nanotechnology ,Atomic force microscopy ,ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION ,SPM, AFM, scanning probe, control, nanotechnology, nanometrology ,Nanotechnology ,Limiting ,Mechatronics ,nanometrology ,Nanometrology ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,AFM ,scanning probe ,control - Abstract
In atomic force microscopy (AFM) high-performance and high precision control of the scanning-system is crucial. At high imaging speeds the dynamic behaviour of the scanner may cause imaging artefacts limiting the maximum imaging rate. This contribution discusses recent improvements for faster imaging by utilizing modern mechatronic and control engineering methods.
- Published
- 2012
22. Accuracy of anatomical landmark identification using different CBCT- and MSCT-based 3D images: an in vitro study
- Author
-
Klaus Hertrich, Ursula Hirschfelder, Jürgen Medelnik, Stefanie Steinhäuser-Andresen, and Elisabeth Hofmann
- Subjects
Reproducibility ,Scanner ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Cephalometry ,Multislice spiral ct ,Orthodontics ,Spiral Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ,In Vitro Techniques ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Anatomical landmark ,Imaging, Three-Dimensional ,Reference Values ,Reference values ,Multidetector Computed Tomography ,medicine ,In vitro study ,Humans ,Female ,Radiology ,Oral Surgery ,Anatomic Landmarks ,Nuclear medicine ,business ,Software - Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the reproducibility of anatomical landmarks and the accuracy of different cone-beam CTs (CBCTs/DVTs) and a multislice spiral CT (MSCT) scanner.A human, fresh-frozen cadaver head was scanned with four CBCTs (Accuitomo 3D, 3D eXam, Pax Reve 3D, Pax Zenith 3D) and one MSCT (SOMATOM Sensation 64) scanner. The three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the volume data sets and location of the anthropometric landmarks (n=11), together with linear (n=5) and angular (n=1) measurements were carried out by three examiners using the program VoXim® 6.1. The measurements were taken twice at a 14-day interval. Descriptive analyses were made and the standard deviations were used to compare differences in the accuracy of landmark identification.The descriptive statistics showed distinct differences in the reference points in the three axes of the coordinate system. Because of anatomical and morphological factors, the pogonion and gnathion reference points displayed higher standard deviations when set on the transverse plane (SD(CBCT) Pog: 0.66-1.57 mm; SD(MSCT) Pog: 0.14-1.09 mm; SD(CBCT) Gn: 1.05-1.77 mm; SD(MSCT) Gn: 0.20-0.85 mm), thus showing less accuracy. However, standard deviations on the sagittal and vertical planes were smaller. Genion, anterior nasal spine and infradentale had very low standard deviations on all three planes. The distance (Mfl-Mfr) and angle (Krl-Krr-Ge) revealed significantly smaller standard deviations in the MSCT (SD(CBCT) Krl-Krr-Ge: 0.51-0.75 mm; SD(MSCT) Krl-Krr-Ge: 0.22 mm).The CBCT devices evaluated in this study are suitable for taking exact 3D measurements of anatomical structures and meet all requirements for 3D cephalometric analysis.
- Published
- 2011
23. Brückenscanner - automatisierte zerstörungsfreie in-situ-Untersuchungen von Brücken (OSSCAR - OnSite SCAnneR), Projektakronym: OSSCAR : Programm 'Förderung von innovativen Netzwerken' (Innonet) des Bundesministeriums für Wirtschaft und Technologe (BMWi) ; Abschlussbericht ; 1.1.2008 bis 31.12.2010
- Subjects
Messwerterfassung ,Scanner ,Technische Zuverlässigkeit, Instandhaltung ,Messtechnik ,Werkstoffprüfung, Werkstoffuntersuchung ,Brücke ,Zerstörungsfreie Werkstoffprüfung ,Materials science ,In situ - Abstract
Ill., graph. Darst.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Comparison of the spatial landmark scatter of various 3D digitalization methods
- Author
-
Christian Weinzierl, Klaus Hertrich, Ursula Hirschfelder, and Florian Boldt
- Subjects
Male ,Scanner ,Computer science ,Cleft Lip ,Orthodontics ,Computed tomography ,Tracing ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Imaging, Three-Dimensional ,Anatomical surface ,Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ,medicine ,Humans ,Computer vision ,Reproducibility ,Dental Casting Technique ,Landmark ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Reproducibility of Results ,Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ,Visual inspection ,Cleft Palate ,Artificial intelligence ,Oral Surgery ,business ,Digital surface ,Algorithms - Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare four different threedimensional digitalization methods on the basis of the complex anatomical surface of a cleft lip and palate plaster cast, and to ascertain their accuracy when positioning 3D landmarks. A cleft lip and palate plaster cast was digitalized with the SCAN3D® photo-optical scanner, the OPTIX 400S® laser-optical scanner, the Somatom Sensation 64® computed tomography system and the MicroScribe® MLX 3-axis articulated-arm digitizer. First, four examiners appraised by individual visual inspection the surface detail reproduction of the three non-tactile digitalization methods in comparison to the reference plaster cast. The four examiners then localized the landmarks five times at intervals of 2 weeks. This involved simply copying, or spatially tracing, the landmarks from a reference plaster cast to each model digitally reproduced by each digitalization method. Statistical analysis of the landmark distribution specific to each method was performed based on the 3D coordinates of the positioned landmarks. Visual evaluation of surface detail conformity assigned the photo-optical digitalization method an average score of 1.5, the highest subjectively-determined conformity (surpasssing computer tomographic and laser-optical methods). The tactile scanning method revealed the lowest degree of 3D landmark scatter, 0.12 mm, and at 1.01 mm the lowest maximum 3D landmark scatter; this was followed by the computer tomographic, photo-optical and laser-optical methods (in that order). This study demonstrates that the landmarks’ precision and reproducibility are determined by the complexity of the reference-model surface as well as the digital surface quality and individual ability of each evaluator to capture 3D spatial relationships. The differences in the 3D-landmark scatter values and lowest maximum 3D-landmark scatter between the best and the worst methods showed minor differences. The measurement results in this study reveal that it is not the method’s precision but rather the complexity of the object analysis being planned that should determine which method is ultimately employed.
- Published
- 2009
25. Treatment accuracy of individualized braces in lingual orthodontics
- Author
-
Pauls, Alexander
- Subjects
Brackets ,Genauigkeit ,Scanner ,Lingualtechnik ,ddc:610 ,Kieferorthopädie - Abstract
Aufgabe dieser Studie war es, die Behandlungsgenauigkeit des Incognito®-Bracketsystems zu verifizieren. Die therapeutischen Set-Up- und Abschlussmodelle wurden mittels 3D-Scanner digitalisiert, virtuell überlagert und von jedem einzelnen Zahn die Abweichungen der Rotationen und Translationen in den drei Raumdimensionen berechnet. Die Frontzähne zeigten Abweichungen der Rotationen von weniger als 4,5° und der Translationen von unter 0,4 mm. Außerdem wurden besondere Einflüsse wie Ober- oder Unterkiefer, Wachstum, Bracketgeneration, Frontzahnstellung, 3D-Scanner-Hardware und verwendete Finishing-Bögen analysiert. Der klinisch gewonnene Eindruck konnte somit durch die Messergebnisse der Studie bestätigt werden. Eine überzeugende Übereinstimmung des Endergebnisses mit dem therapeutischen Set-Up ist in der Lingualtechnik mittels individualisierter Brackets realisierbar., The aim of this study was to investigate the treatment accuracy of Incognito® braces. The therapeutic set-up and final casts were digitalized using a 3D scanner and overlaid. The deviations of the rotations and translations of every single tooth in the three spatial dimensions were calculated. The front teeth showed deviations of the rotations of less than 4.5° and deviations of the translations of less than 0.4 mm. In addition, particular influences such as upper or lower jaw, growth, generation of braces, position of front teeth, 3D scanner hardware and finishing arches were analyzed. The clinical findings could be confirmed by the results of the study. A satisfactory accordance of the final result with the therapeutic set-up in lingual orthodontics is possible using individualized braces.
- Published
- 2009
26. System zur Beschreibung der objektiven Bildgüte digitaler Filmbelichter
- Author
-
Kiening, Hans
- Subjects
Qualitätskontrolle ,Laserstrahlung ,Film-Belichtungsanlage ,Scanner ,%22">Kalibrieren ,Bildqualität ,ddc:600 - Abstract
Ziel der im Weiteren vorgestellten Arbeit ist die Erstellung eines Mess- und Kalibriersystems für einen digitalen Filmbelichter: den ARRILASER. Während dessen Herstellung werden die einzelnen Produktionsstufen anhand der erreichten Bildqualität auf dem belichteten Negativ überprüft. Für diese Aufgabe waren zunächst die wichtigsten Parameter festzulegen, geeignete Messverfahren zu erstellen, zu systematisieren und weitgehend zu automatisieren. Einige der Gütekriterien, wie z.B. die Bildlage oder die Konvergenz in Richtung des schreibenden Laserstrahles, sind durch Softwareparameter kontrollierbar. Diese Parameter sollten durch eine Auswertung der Messdaten neu berechnet werden, um aufgetretene Belichtungsfehler zu kompensieren. Dies konnte anfänglich nur durch eine Vielzahl von Messgeräten erledigt werden. Für die Bestimmung geometrischer Größen wurde ein Messmikroskop mit X-Y-Tisch verwendet, für die Ermittlung von Filmdichten ein Densitometer sowie ein Mikrophotometer für die Messungen der optischen Übertragungsfunktion. Für die Überprüfung auf Artefaktfreiheit ergab sich eine weitere Schwierigkeit: Da sich ein Filmnegativ durch seine Maskierung und die umgekehrte Darstellung nicht für eine subjektive Betrachtung eignet, musste es zur Beurteilung erst auf Positiv umkopiert werden. Die durch den analogen Kopierprozesses zwangsläufig entstehenden Verluste schränken die Aussagekraft der Kopie deutlich ein. Es ist nicht mehr möglich eindeutig zu identifizieren, ob ein erkannter Fehler nicht erst durch die Kopie erzeugt wurde. Kurzum: die Qualitätsüberwachung gestaltete sich äußerst umständlich und war so absolut ungeeignet, die Serviceingenieure bei ihren inzwischen weltweiten (86 Installationen) Einsätzen zu unterstützen. Es bestand dringend der Bedarf, ein "transportables Verfahren" zu schaffen, das durch einen Techniker bedienbar, eine schnelle und signifikante Aussage über die wichtigsten Qualitätsparameter eines ARRILASER's erlaubt, Grenzwertüberschreitungen anzeigt und Kompensationsparameter berechnet. Realisiert wurde dies durch die Entwicklung eines Verfahrens, das eine Filmprobe zusammen mit einem hochpräzisen Referenzmuster scannt. Durch Kalibrierung jeder Messung auf die Referenz und durch Transformation der Messdaten in photometrische und geometrische Standardeinheiten, konnte für das System ein handelsüblicher Diascanner verwendet werden. Die Besonderheit des Verfahrens ist, dass anhand eines einzigen Testbildes alle relevanten Parameter weitgehend automatisch gemessen werden können. Im Verlauf der Entwicklung hat sich dieses Messsystem zu einem Produkt entwickelt, das ARRILASER-Kunden als Qualitätsüberwachungsinstrument angeboten wird. Ein Exemplar befindet sich derzeit bei Kodak (Rochester, USA) und soll nach erfolgreicher Zertifizierung als standardisiertes Messverfahren für die Qualitätsbewertung von 35 mm Cine-Film empfohlen werden. The aim of this dissertation was to come up with a measure and calibrationsystem for a digital filmrecorder the ARRILASER. All productionsteps of the ARRILASER are monitored via the objective image quality derived on the exposed negativ. So first of all we had to define the most important parameters aims and thresholds and we had to find a way how to measure them systematically and automise this process as much as possible. Some of the quality criteria, for example the image position or the convergence of the scanning laserbeam are adjustable with recorder-software parameters. These parameters had to be examined and recalculated to compensate for exposure errors. All this steps could only be measured with a bunch of measurement devices such as a measurement microscope with x/y-table for all geometry data, or a microphotometer for all densitometry values and the optical transfer function. While checking for exposure artefacts another problem occurred, due to the fact that all examination have been carried out on a negative, some of the artefacts became never visible because of the low negativ-gamma and so a print had to be made. Now when we checked the print we couldn't securily say wheter the artefact was introduced by the printer or not. Making a long story short, monitoring of the ARRILASER production as described above was neither feasible nor a possibilty which could habe been used by the service-engeneers in the field. There was a clear demand to find a way for a transportable, easy to use system that allows a fast and significant conclusion about important image quality parameters which would let a service technician instantly see tolerance exeedings and compute compensation parameters. This became possible by rescanned a filmprobe together with a higly precise manufactured referenceglass. Calibrating each scan to the reference and transforming the data into geometric and photometric standard units made it possible to use an inexpensive slidescanner. The beauty of this method is, that all relevant parameters can be determined more or less automatically by scanning a single frame. The system now is comercially available as a ARRI product and is currently certified from Kodak (Rochester, USA). Since December 2002 the system is applying for a international patent.
- Published
- 2007
27. Evaluation der Anwendbarkeit und Genauigkeit unterschiedlicher Scansysteme in der Medizin
- Author
-
Brockmann, Gernot, Biemer, Edgar (Univ.-Prof. Dr.), Höhnke, Christian (Priv.-Doz. Dr.), and Neumeier, Dieter (Prof. Dr.)
- Subjects
Medizin ,ddc:610 ,3D ,Scanner ,Laser ,Photogrammetrie ,Streifenprojektion ,Körperoberfläche ,three dimensional ,scanner ,body surface ,fringe projection - Abstract
Heutzutage ermöglichen es nicht invasive optische Scanner die menschliche Körperoberfläche dreidimensional und hochauflösend darzustellen. Die aus dem industriellen Bereich stammenden Scanner wurden bezüglich medizinischer Fragestellungen noch nicht ausreichend evaluiert. In dieser Arbeit wurden erstmals sechs Scanner die auf drei unterschiedlichen physikalischen Erfassungsprinzipien basieren (Streifenprojektion, Laserprojektion und Fotogrammetrie) an fünf unterschiedlich großen Schafsschädelknochen getestet. Es wurden dabei Strecken zum einen cephalometirsch, zum anderen am dreidimensionalen Datensatz gemessen und bezüglich der Genauigkeit verglichen. Ergebnis dieser Arbeit ist, dass mit allen untersuchten Scanprinzipien ein Schädel im Sekundenbereich dreidimensional 360° erfasst, archiviert und im zehntel Millimeterbereich linear vermessen werden kann. Zur Ergebnisoptimierung sollten die einzelnen Scanner für unterschiedliche klinische Fragestellungen und Anwendungsgebiete eingesetzt werden. Advances in technology have yielded systems that are capable of non-invasive, high-definition three-dimensional recordings of human body surfaces. Originally designed for use in an industrial setting, surface scanners have not been sufficiently evaluated for medical application so far. In this study six scanners based on different scanning principles (ringe projection scanners, laser scanners and photogrammetry scanner) were employed to measure five sheep skulls of different sizes. Distance measurements were done chephalometric or on the three dimensional data sets and compared concerning the accuracy. Conclusion of this work is with all scanning principles a skull can be recorded in seconds, archived and distances measured with the accuracy of a 1/10 millimeter. Best results will be achieved when the different types of scanners are applied to specific medical problems according to their special construction designs and characteristics.
- Published
- 2006
28. Klassifikationsverfahren zur Materialerkennung : Grenzschichterkennung mittels laserinduzierter Fluoreszenz in mineralischen Lagerstätten am Beispiel der Braunkohlegewinnung
- Author
-
Bayer, Arne Kristoffer and Nienhaus, Karl
- Subjects
Braunkohle ,Scanner ,LIF ,Grenzschicht ,Klassikfikationsverfahren ,Braunkohlenflöz ,Merkmalsextraktion ,Nebengestein ,Laserinduzierte Fluoreszenz ,Ingenieurwissenschaften ,Mustererkennung ,Materialerkennung ,ddc:620 ,Qualitätssteuerung - Abstract
The analytical tool of the optical laser induced fluorescence (LIF) method offers the opportunity to recognize different materials and to detect boundaries. This study shows the methodology how to extract significant features from the fluorescence spectrum using systematic search algorithms. An optimization of the mining process and consequently a better quality of the extracted material are the direct results of such a material recognition. In contrast to the traditional approaches, which often use the principle of "trial & error", this systematic way allows for the best recognition of the mined materials. Measurements taken in RWE Power's Hambach open pit lingnite mine form the basis of this paper. Using material specific fluorescence characteristics, the different kind of material should be distinguished. The avoidance of unscheduled and uncontrolled dilution during the mining process results in an optimization of the overall deposit extraction by means of a reduction of safety barriers. The large numbers of features, which can be extracted from the emission spectrum, pose a problem to both layout and dimensions of a robust LIF analyzer, which can be employed in the mining industry. Therefore the selection of suited feature is crucial. Apart from the Gaussian classification approach k-nearest neighbor procedures and the method of linear regression are applied to realize the material classification. Conventional sequential search algorithms and the "Sequential Forward Floating Selection (SFFS)“ are utilized. The extraction of significant LIF features is based on the "Wrapper-2" approach. As a result of analysis of the number of material classes one can observe that the success of the material recognition is depended on depth of segmentation. The more detailed alias the more classes the less satisfying the success. Regarding the classification methods none of the three approaches seems to be superior when taking the success criterion and the needed computing time into account. The basic lesson learnt from this work is the statement that using an optimized method for the feature selection and the material classification effective boundary detection is possible for the Hambach mine's section in scope. It results from the utilization of classification algorithms which allow for an uncomplicated assigment of LIF measurements to quality relevant material classes. Starting from the presented methodology of feature extraction and material classification this work lays the foundation of a systematic analysis of LIF measurement for effective future application of the LIF technology. Furthermore it offers a starting point for future research activities and shows the potential for further optimization in the field of LIF analytics application for material classification in the mining industry.
- Published
- 2005
29. Three-dimensional soft tissue prediction using finite elements. Part I: Implementation of a new procedure
- Author
-
K. Schwenzer, Christof Holberg, and Ingrid Rudzki-Janson
- Subjects
Virtual model ,Adult ,Male ,Models, Anatomic ,Scanner ,Computer science ,Finite Element Analysis ,Orthodontics ,Models, Biological ,Imaging, Three-Dimensional ,Humans ,Computer Simulation ,Signal processing ,Lasers ,Soft tissue ,Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ,Prognosis ,Finite element method ,Radiation exposure ,Data redundancy ,Connective Tissue ,Face ,Therapy, Computer-Assisted ,Female ,Laser Therapy ,Oral Surgery ,Reduction (mathematics) ,Algorithm - Abstract
Background and aim The prediction of soft tissue esthetics is important for achieving an optimal esthetic outcome in orthodontic treatment planning. Applicable procedures have so far been restricted to two-dimensional profile predictions that have not proven to be very reliable. The goal of this investigation was therefore to develop a novel finite element-based procedure that allows a three-dimensional, easily visualized, quantitative analysis and prediction of soft tissue behavior for the clinician. The procedure to be developed should be easy to handle and not entail any additional radiation exposure for the patient. Material and methods Using a three-dimensional scanner, the facial surfaces of 20 probands were digitalized and individual FEM models were generated. Results After reduction of data redundancy via several conversion steps, a patient-specific simulation model was prepared consisting of 20,000 to 40,000 individual elements to which specific physical properties could be assigned. The average time required for generating a virtual model was 50 minutes. Problems occurring during model generation were rare (mainly shadowing phenomena and movement artifacts). Conclusion The procedure outlined herein makes the reliable generation of patient-specific simulation models possible for facial soft tissue prediction in orthodontics.
- Published
- 2004
30. Three-dimensional soft tissue prediction using finite elements. Part II: Clinical application
- Author
-
Philipp Geis, Katja Schwenzer, Christof Holberg, Ingrid Rudzki-Janson, and Anne-Kathrin Heine
- Subjects
Virtual model ,Adult ,Male ,Models, Anatomic ,Scanner ,Computer science ,Finite Element Analysis ,Orthodontics ,Models, Biological ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Prosthesis Implantation ,Dental Prosthesis ,Imaging, Three-Dimensional ,Humans ,Computer Simulation ,Signal processing ,Lasers ,Soft tissue ,Reproducibility of Results ,Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ,Prognosis ,Finite element method ,Radiation exposure ,Treatment Outcome ,Data redundancy ,Connective Tissue ,Face ,Therapy, Computer-Assisted ,Female ,Laser Therapy ,Oral Surgery ,Reduction (mathematics) ,Algorithm - Abstract
The goal of this study was to analyze the validity and prediction accuracy of a newly-developed procedure for three-dimensional soft tissue prediction based on Finite Element Method, and to compare the results with prediction produced using an existing two-dimensional prediction program (Dentofacial Planner Plus).In twelve patients who underwent combined surgical-orthodontic treatment, profile prediction was generated using both procedures preoperatively and then compared at predefined measurement points with the patient's actual postoperative soft tissue status.The deviations observed depended on the facial region, whereby the prediction errors for both procedures were much greater in the lower facial third than in the midfacial third. Calculating in all the measurement points, the mean horizontal prediction error was 0.32 mm for the Finite Element Method and 0.75 mm for the Dentofacial Planner Plus. Overall, we were able to demonstrate the new procedure's superior validity and quality of visualization. In addition to profile prediction, the procedure allows a differentiated three-dimensional assessment of esthetically important regions such as the cheeks, nasolabial folds and the nasal wings. Additional X-radiation is not necessary in this risk-free and stress-free procedure.Three-dimensional soft tissue prediction employing finite element modeling is a useful aid for implementing esthetically-optimized treatment planning.
- Published
- 2004
31. Quantitative Ultraschallabbildungsverfahren für die Muskeldiagnostik
- Author
-
Pesavento, Andreas and Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik
- Subjects
Muskel ,Diagnostik ,Scanner ,Methode ,ddc:621.3 - Abstract
In der Arbeit werden quantitative Ultraschallabbildungsverfahren entwickelt, mit denen die Diagnose pathologischer Muskelveränderungen verbessert werden kann. Für diesen Zweck werden zwei Konzepte entwickelt. Im ersten Konzept werden mit einem Sektorscanner, der linear in lateraler Richtung über das zu untersuchende Gewebe gefahren wird, mehrere Ultraschallbilder der gleichen Schnittebene aufgenommen, so daß durch inkohärente Überlagerung auch Läsionen mit geringen Reflektivitätsunterschieden zum umliegenden Gewebe erkannt werden können. Das zweite Konzept entwickelt das Verfahren der Elastographie weiter, indem ein Verfahren zur Zeitverschiebungsrechnung entwickelt wird, daß es erstmals ermöglicht die Elastographie in Echtzeit zu betreiben.
- Published
- 2003
32. [Development of a laser-optical tomograph for demonstration of CT imaging without ionizing radiation]
- Author
-
Bellemann Me, Seitz B, Baier T, and Walther Hg
- Subjects
Scanner ,Optics and Photonics ,Materials science ,Biomedical Engineering ,Radiation Dosage ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,law.invention ,Optics ,Microcomputers ,law ,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ,Humans ,Image resolution ,Tomography ,business.industry ,Phantoms, Imaging ,Lasers ,Detector ,computer.file_format ,Equipment Design ,Laser ,Photodiode ,Oil immersion ,Raster graphics ,business ,Tomography, X-Ray Computed ,computer ,Software - Abstract
Computed X-ray tomography (CT) is one of the most powerful diagnostic procedures in medicine. In this study, we developed a laser-optical CT scanner for the use by students as part of their curriculum in biomedical engineering. Our CT set-up employs a linear-scan technique where the measurement objects (light absorbing phantoms embedded in immersion oil), the light emitter (modulated laserdiode), and the detector (photodiode) are moved by linear-step motors. The spatial resolution is limited by the width of the laser beam (2 mm) and the smallest achievable raster step size (0.02 mm). Optical tomographic images of various objects can be measured within a few minutes and allow the demonstration of imaging principles like extinction, scanning, projection, and reconstruction techniques.
- Published
- 2002
33. Der Weg zur Ware
- Author
-
Kraft, V. and Publica
- Subjects
supply chain management ,Identifikation ,Datenerfassungseinheit ,Tourenplanung ,Logistikportal ,Sendungsverfolgung ,scanner ,Efficient Consumer Response ,Transponder ,Barcode - Abstract
Sendungsverfolgung - die durchgängige Überwachung des Weges einer Ware durch die Transportkette - ist mittlerweile in vielen Logistikketten Usus. Usus ist allerdings nicht die Art und Weise, wie Sendungsverfolgung gestaltet und betrieben wird und welche technischen Systeme dazu eingesetzt werden. Das mögliche Spektrum reicht von einfachen Systemen auf der Basis der Mobilfunktechnologie zur punktuellen, halbautomatischen Übermittlung von Informationen bis hin zu hochintegrierten Systemen mit Hochleistungsscannern und - zumindest theoretisch - ununterbrochener Statuserfassung. Verschiedene Faktoren beeinflussen die Gestalt des Sendungsverfolgungssystems: das verwendete Medium (Barcode, Transponder), die Art der Identifikation der Sendung (eindeutige Unternehmensnummer (ILN - International Location Number), Nummer der Versandeinheit (NVE) oder Internationale Artikelnummer (EAN)), oder die Art der Informationsübermittlung - online, d.h. über Mobil- oder Satellitenfunk, oder offline, d.h. nach Abschluss der Zustellung, sind einige dieser Faktoren. Zur Unterstützung finden sich im Artikel einige Aspekte und Fragestellungen, die beim Aufbau eines Systems zur Sendungsverfolgung zu beachten sind.
- Published
- 2002
34. Ein neuartiger Mikroaktor zur ein- und zweidimensionalen Ablenkung von Licht
- Author
-
Schenk, Harald
- Subjects
Fakultät für Ingenieurwissenschaften » Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik ,Scannerspiegel ,Aktorik ,micromechanics ,Mikromechanik ,micromirror ,ddc:620 ,ddc:62 ,scanner ,Mikrospiegel ,actuator - Abstract
A novel electrostatically driven silicon Micro Scanning Mirror for one and two dimensional deflection of light is presented. A special configuration of the driving electrodes allows the use of small electrode gaps without restricting the deflection of the plate geometrically. Two dimensional deflection is obtained by a gimbal mounting of the mirror plate. The modelling of the actuator is done by analytical and numerical calculations. For the fabrication of the actuators a CMOS compatible process has been developed. The mechanical elements are patterned in a 30 um thick layer of single crystal silicon. Using the ASE process 4 - 5 um wide trenches are etched into this layer with almost perpendicular sidewalls. In the case of the 2D-Scanner filled isolation trenches are used which allow to excite the two oscillations independently. 36 1D-variants have been designed and characterized. The scanning frequencies cover the range from 0.14 kHz up to 32 kHz. The mirror plates are quadratic with a side length between 0.5 mm and 3.0 mm. Synchronizing the driving voltage with the mechanical oscillation it is possible to achieve a stable oscillation. For large deflection angles a linear dependence of the deflection angle on the driving voltage has been observed. A mechanical deflection angle of up to +/-15° is achieved at a driving voltage of 20 V only, proving the high effectiveness of the driving principle. The performance of the 2D-scanner is demonstrated by three variants. Various Lissajous patterns with a frequency ratio between 1:1 and 13:1 have been generated. Investigations regarding the mechanical performance of the actuators have been carried out. The actuators have a shock resistance of more than 1000 g. Long run tests at a deflection angle of +/-15° mechanical with a duration of more than 10^9 have been performed. The characteristics of the devices did not change. Because of its performance the novel actuator is suitable to replace conventional scanners in a large variety of applications.
- Published
- 2000
35. [Interventional magnetic resonance imaging--non-invasive imaging for interventions]
- Author
-
Arno Bücker, Rolf W. Günther, Jörg Neuerburg, Gerhard Adam, Josef Tacke, and A. Glowinski
- Subjects
Noninvasive imaging ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Scanner ,Artifact (error) ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Interventional magnetic resonance imaging ,business.industry ,Biopsy ,Soft tissue ,Reproducibility of Results ,Interventional radiology ,Real time imaging ,Hyperthermia, Induced ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Cryotherapy ,medicine ,Drainage ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Radiology ,business ,Artifacts ,Image resolution - Abstract
As a prerequisite for MR-guidance of interventional procedures, instruments have to be well depicted in the MR image without obscuring or distorting the underlying anatomy. For non-vascular interventions the imaging speed has to be in the range of seconds while control of vascular interventions requires real time imaging speed. The imaging contrast has to be maintained as well as a high spatial resolution. Furthermore, sufficient patient access has to be provided by the MR scanner. Neither an ideal magnet nor the optimal single sequence are available to fulfill the above-mentioned criteria. The type of sequence--gradient echo versus spin echo--together with changing of the echo time and phase encoding direction will ensure an appropriate size of the artifact and thereby of the appearance of the instrument in the MR image. The feasibility of non-vascular MR-guided interventions has been proved at field strengths ranging from 0.064 T to 1.5 T. Bone biopsies, soft tissue biopsies, drainages, and control of interstitial thermo- and cryotherapy have been reported. For vascular interventions, different real time MR strategies are currently under investigation. The development of dedicated catheters and guide wires has enabled MR-guided dilatations, stenting, placement of vena cava filters, and TIPS procedures. Considering the fast progress being made in this field, there can be no question that interventional MRI will become a well-accepted clinical tool offering potential advantages such as excellent soft tissue contrast, multiplanar imaging, flow measurements, high resolution imaging of vessel walls, and lack of ionizing radiation.
- Published
- 2000
36. Vom physischen zum CAD-Modell
- Author
-
Scharm, H., Knorpp, R., and Publica
- Subjects
modelling ,Oberflächenerfassung ,prototyping ,3D-Bildverarbeitung ,3D-Scannen ,Computer Aided Design (CAD) ,scanner - Abstract
3D-Scanning - die digitale Erfassung der Oberfläche von realen Objekten - verspricht den Brückenschlag zwischen realen und virtuellen Modellen, unter anderem also den Abschied vom zeitraubenden Nachkonstruieren von Designmodellen und Prototypen im 3D CAD. Werden heute verfügbare kommerzielle Systeme diesem hohen Anspruch gerecht.
- Published
- 1997
37. Innovative Meßtechnik auf dem Profilmeßtriebwagen (PROM)
- Author
-
Lehmann, K., Hofmann, H.-O., and Publica
- Subjects
Meßdatenverarbeitung ,modulares System ,Meßdaten ,Messen ,Visualisierung ,Deutsche Bundesbahn ,scanner ,Bahn - Abstract
The measuring and evaluation system developed for DB AG on the PROM clearance gauge measuring car is bui lt up from industry standard components. It is based on a laser scanner with light duration measurement, available for a variety of measuring distances, plus an industry standard PC which handles in the recording of measurement data. The article describes the range of applications of the scanner and the different possibilities for evaluation.
- Published
- 1997
38. Der Laser in der Materialflußtechnik
- Author
-
Goos, R., Piepenstock, J., and Publica
- Subjects
Impulslaufzeitmessung ,Konturerkennung ,Lasersensorik ,Sicherheitstechnik ,Volumenmessung ,scanner ,Kollisionsschutzsystem ,LAKOSA ,orten ,LASTEC - Abstract
Der Artikel gibt eine Einführung in die geo metrievermessende Lasersensorik. Exemplarisch wird das modular aufgebaute, anwendungsunabhängige Lasersensorkonzept LASTEC vorgestellt. Darüber hinaus erfolgt eine Gegenüberstellung mit anderen berührungslosen Techniken. Eine ausführliche Beschreibung unterschiedlichster Einsatzgebiete (Sicherheitstechnik, Handhabungstechnik, Ortung/Navigation) für Lasersensoren schließt sich an.
- Published
- 1991
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.