1,851 results on '"Renewable energies"'
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2. Alternative Finanzierung der erneuerbaren Energien: Experimentelle Evidenz für Deutschland
- Author
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Eßer, Jana, Frondel, Manuel, and Sommer, Stephan
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Technologie- und Standortwahl beim Ausbau erneuerbarer Energien – Eine empirische Analyse zum unternehmerischen Verhalten von Anlagenbetreibern
- Author
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Bosch, Stephan
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Promote Renewable Energies Efficiently and Effectively
- Author
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Arbeitsgruppe „Energiesysteme der Zukunft“, Justus Haucap, Jürgen Kühling, Munib Amin, Gert Brunekreeft, Dörte Fouquet, Veronika Grimm, Jörg Gundel, Martin Kment, Wolfgang Ketter, Jochen Kreusel, Charlotte Kreuter-Kirchhof, Mario Liebensteiner, Albert Moser, Marion Ott, Christian Rehtanz, Heike Wetzel, Jonathan Meinhof, Marlene Wagner, Miriam Borgmann, and Cyril Stephanos
- Subjects
Economic theory. Demography ,HB1-3840 ,Social history and conditions. Social problems. Social reform ,HN1-995 - Abstract
Abstract The year 2021 has brought new momentum to climate protection efforts in Germany. The amendment to the Climate Protection Act stipulates a 65 % reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 compared to 1990. A major contribution to this will come from a massive expansion of electricity generation from renewable energies. Following the tightening of the climate protection measures, the question arises as to whether the current electricity market design and the associated remuneration rules for electricity generation are still suitable for achieving the goals of security of supply and low prices stipulated in the Energy Industry Act, even with an electricity market dominated by renewable energies.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Behaviorismus und erneuerbare Energien – Anlagenbetreiber als Schlüssel für eine konfliktarme und inklusive Energiewende
- Author
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Schwarz, Lucas and Bosch, Stephan
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. How to measure the usage of regional potentials of renewable energies. An empirical analysis of German counties
- Author
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Tatjana Bennat, Tom Broekel, and Rolf Sternberg
- Subjects
Renewable energies ,Measurement ,Efficiency ,Potential for expansion ,Regions ,Germany ,Cities. Urban geography ,GF125 ,Urbanization. City and country ,HT361-384 - Abstract
This paper answers two rarely considered questions: How well do German regions exploit their potential to produce renewable energy and which factors impact on this exploitation efficiency? By applying the new quantitative-empirical concept of exploitation efficiency, we measure the degree, to which regions have exploited their natural and socio-economic potentials of producing energy from renewable source at a specific point in time. This approach allows, with respect to wind power, solar power and biogas energy, a relative comparison of regions, monitoring their performance over time as well as the identification of best-practice regions. Applying our innovative method, we compare German districts in the time period 2000-2014. We use a robust, non-parametric efficiency analysis and validate its results by qualitative expert interviews in selected counties in Lower Saxony. The results show strong disparities in terms of the exploitation efficiency between districts and federal states. This exploitation efficiency moreover varies significantly for different types of renewable energy. We also observe specialization tendencies in this context. Our empirical results are very detailed both from a spatial and from a temporal perspective and therefore allow for drawing several conclusions for local and federal state policies. For instance, those districts (and federal states) with currently rather low exploitation efficiencies need to learn from those with high efficiencies. Such learning effects may sustainably contribute to a successful turnaround in energy policy.
- Published
- 2019
7. The use of renewable energies in the Visegrad Group and Romania
- Author
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Margit Csipkés and László Czeglédi
- Subjects
renewable energy ,Hungary ,Romania ,Poland ,Czech Republic ,Slovakia ,Business ,HF5001-6182 ,Finance ,HG1-9999 - Abstract
The purpose of my research is to compare the use of renewable energy sources in the Visegrád Group and Romania. The widespread renewable energies are solar, wind, hydropower and biomass energy. I chose these countries because they had similar fate and presents. I was wondered whether they can catch up Western Europe in the use of the renewables. In the 20th century, these countries had enough resources without the renewables. However, the spreading of the renewables have begun in these century, and its spreading accelerated after the joining to the European Union. The Middle European countries have begun use the renewables earlier, and they utilized their possibilities but for nowadays Romania has become a significant factor in the European renewable energy production, tight behind the Western members. From the database of Eurostat, we made some ratios to compare the countries with each other and the European average production. With means we could measure the share of the renewables in the whole national production in average, and the deviations for each country. Finally we made a possible forecast for the increasing of the renewables in the examined countries.
- Published
- 2018
8. THE GDP INFLUENCE ON THE AMOUNT OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES PRODUCTION IN ROMANIA.
- Author
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Perticas Diana Claudia, Florea Adrian, and Simut Ramona Marinela
- Subjects
renewable energy, GDP, economic growth ,Business ,HF5001-6182 ,Finance ,HG1-9999 - Abstract
Nowadays, energy has become an indispensable part in any human activity. Even so, two billion people i.e., one third of the world population, have no access to modern energy sources. The world's population is being expecting more from the third millennium and the key to a high standard of living is given by the accessibility to sources of clean energy at an affordable price. Energy has an impact on every aspect of modern life as it is in close connection with energy use per capita (which ensures a high level of productivity) and life expectancy. We cannot address phenomena such as economic growth, development and progress and to exclude directly an increase in energy demand. In addition, if we add two current realities of paramount importance, namely air pollution and fossil fuel depletion, then we can say with certainty that the production of renewable energy is the best "clean" and sustainable solution at our disposal. But we know for a fact that it is costly to meet the current level of demand for energy from unconventional sources, and by this we mean the initial investment because later on the maintenance costs are reduced and the resource used is free and inexhaustible. Therefore our work aims to analyze through an econometric model, the impact the Gross Domestic Product has on production of renewable energy. The conclusion we have reached at after developing this model is that there is a direct correlation between renewable energy and Gross Domestic Product. So, we demonstrated using a simple linear regression model that the Gross Domestic Product influence on the amount of renewable energy produced is significant both in the sample and the total population. In other words, Gross Domestic Product growth will stimulate the production of energy from non-polluting alternative sources which means less fossil fuel burned.
- Published
- 2017
9. Reversible SOCs als Bindeglied zwischen Strom-, Wärme- und Gasnetz und Plus Energie-Quartieren
- Author
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Jankowski, Dominik, Seidl, Anton, Pratter, Robert, Ganglbauer, Johanna, Bernsteiner, Christof, Hochenauer, Christoph, and Subotić, Vanja
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Hebt das Emissionshandelssystem die Einsparungen des Ökostromausbaus auf?
- Author
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Marquardt, Ralf-M.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Demand-Side-Management with Heat Pumps in Luxembourg - Potentials and Challenges of Heat Pump Flexibility for the System Integration of Renewable Energies
- Author
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Bechtel, Steffen, Interreg V.A. [sponsor], Scholzen, Frank [superviser], Maas, Stefan [president of the jury], Hadji-Minaglou, Jean-Régis [member of the jury], Wellßow, Wolfram [member of the jury], and André, Philippe [member of the jury]
- Subjects
Renewable Energies ,Wärmepumpe ,Energy [C07] [Engineering, computing & technology] ,Neural Networks ,Model-Predictive-Control ,Flexibilität ,Thermische Simulation ,Erneuerbare Energien ,Energie [C07] [Ingénierie, informatique & technologie] ,Energy Storage ,Heat Pump ,Demand-Side-Management ,Energy Management ,Thermal Simulation ,Lastmanagement ,Energiespeicher ,Energiemanagement ,Flexibility ,Neuronale Netze - Abstract
Mit der Einführung des “Green Deal“ hat die Europäische Union das Ziel der Klimaneutralität bis zum Jahr 2050 formuliert. Die notwendigen Maßnahmen werden auch in Luxemburg zu einem massiven Ausbau der fluktuierenden erneuerbaren Energien, vor allem von Windkraft und Photovoltaik führen, aus dem sich ein zunehmender Bedarf für Flexibilität im Energiesystem ableiten lässt. Die Ausgestaltung des EU-Binnenmarktes für Strom sieht eine aktive Beteiligung des Verbrauchers vor, der auf Basis flexibler Strompreise seinen Verbrauch steuert und somit, unter Reduktion seiner Energiekosten, zum Flexibilitätsbereitstellung beiträgt. In Privathaushalten zielen solche Demand-Side-Management Maßnahmen vor allem auf Wärmepumpen ab. Diese Arbeit untersucht das Flexibilitätspotenzial von Wärmepumpen in Wohngebäuden stellvertretend für den luxemburgischen Kontext und analysiert Herausforderungen, die sich in diesem Zusammenhang ergeben. Als Zeithorizont der Untersuchung gilt das Jahr 2030. Die hier vorgestellte Methodik ist dabei auf vergleichbare Regionen in Europa übertragbar. Die Aufgabenstellung wird anhand thermischer Simulationen in TRNSYS, die das Wohngebäude sowie das Heizungssystem darstellen, analysiert. Eine für diese Arbeit in MATLAB entwickelte Model-Predictive-Control steuert die Wärmepumpe auf Basis variabler Strompreise mit dem Ziel, die Energiekosten zu minimieren. Ein neuronales Netz bestimmt dabei die Wärmeentnahme aus dem Heizwärmespeicher, so dass die Model-Predictive-Control letztlich ohne integriertes Gebäudemodell funktioniert. Die Eignung dieses Ansatzes wird über die Simulationsergebnisse validiert. Aus den nationalen Entwicklungen im Gebäudebestand leitet sich ein theoretisches Wärmepumpenpotenzial von 236-353 MWel ab, das zur Flexibilitätsbereitstellungerschlossen werden kann. Die große Bandbreite entsteht aus unterschiedlichen Annahmen zur jährlichen Gebäudesanierungsrate. Das technisch erschließbare Potenzial ist bedeutend geringer und ergibt sich aus der Entwicklung des Wärmepumpenmarktes. Da die Datenlage zu Wärmepumpen in Luxemburg unzureichend ist, entstand im Rahmen dieser Arbeit eine Wärmemarktstudie, die Verkaufszahlen von 2014-2018 analysiert und Entwicklungen des Wärmepumpenmarktes ableitet. Das technische Potenzial für 2030 beträgt demnach 30-73 MWel. Die Erkenntnisse aus dem nationalen Kontext fließen in die Simulationsmodelle ein. Das Konzept des Demand-Side-Management wird anhand zahlreicher Simulationsfälle getestet und im Hinblick auf Energieeffizienz, Wirtschaftlichkeit und Lastverschiebung evaluiert. Es werden drei Referenzgebäuden, je ein Einfamilienhaus und ein Mehrfamilienhaus gemäß Neubaustandard sowie ein Einfamilienhaus gemäß Mindeststandard für energetische Sanierungen in Luxemburg, erstellt. Die Unterscheidung von Luft/Wasser und Sole/Wasser Wärmepumpen in den Simulationsmodellen, demonstriert den Einfluss der Wärmequelle. Zusätzlich werden Heizwärmespeicher mit sechs unterschiedlichen Volumina berücksichtigt. Der Vergleich mit Referenzfällen demonstriert den Einfluss der prädiktiven Regelung. Als flexible Strompreise werden reale Marktdaten der EPEX-Spot Day-Ahead Auktion verwendet und mit Netzentgelten und steuerlichen Abgaben aus Luxemburg ergänzt. Die Ergebnisse bestätigen die Eignung des gewählten Model-Predictive-Control Ansatzes ohne integriertes Gebäudemodell. Luft/Wasser Wärmepumpen erzielen bessere Effizienz und Kosteneinspareffekte als Sole/Wasser Wärmepumpen, da die Kostenreduktion neben der Reaktion auf Preissignale auch über eine Verbrauchsoptimierung erreicht werden kann. Bei Anwendung eines Preisprofils mit überwiegend statischen Komponenten ist letzterer Aspekt bedeutend. Gebäude mit höherem Dämmstandard zeigen eine trennschärfere Reaktion auf Preissignale als Gebäude mit niedrigerem Dämmstandard. Letztere haben aufgrund des höheren Energieverbrauchs allerdings absolut betrachtet höhere Kostenreduktionspotenziale. Bei niedrigen Kapazitäten des Heizwärmespeichers sind Effizienz und Kostenreduktion eingeschränkt, da die Reaktion auf Preissignale zu einem sofortigen Temperaturanstieg im Speicher führt, der den Verbrauch der Wärmepumpe erhöht und somit einen gegenläufigen Effekt darstellt. Mit zunehmender Kapazität verbessern sich daher der Stromverbrauch und das Einsparpotenzial. Bei sehr großen Speichern wird dieser positive Einfluss von steigenden Wärmespeicherverlusten kompensiert. Ein größerer Heizwärmespeicher bedeutet eine zusätzliche finanzielle Investition in das Heizungssystem, die über Kostenreduktionseffekte kompensiert werden muss. Diese Wirtschaftlichkeit ergibt sich für das Mehrfamilienhaus und das schwach gedämmte Einfamilienhaus, jeweils mit Luft/Wasser Wärmepumpe und kleinen bis mittelgroßen Heizwärmespeichern. Um den Einfluss des Preisprofils zu demonstrieren werden zwei Alternativen getestet. Im ersten Fall wird eine stärkere Preisschwankung, verursacht durch einen höheren Marktanteil der erneuerbaren Energien, angewendet. Im zweiten Fall sorgen variable Netzentgelte für eine zusätzliche Verstärkung der Preissignale. In allen Simulationen verbessert sich die Kostenreduktion, so dass auch stark gedämmte Gebäude mit Luft/Wasser Wärmepumpe und mittelgroßen Heizwärmespeichern wirtschaftlich sind. Dabei verändert sich das Verhalten des Reglers, da die Preissignale zunehmend attraktiver sind als die Verbrauchsoptimierung. Dementsprechend steigt der Stromverbrauch im Vergleich zum vorigen Strompreisprofil. Sole/Wasser Wärmepumpen erreichen lediglich im schwach gedämmten Einfamilienhaus die Wirtschaftlichkeit. Aus den Simulationen ergibt sich folglich ein nationales wirtschaftliches Potenzial von 22-53 MWel. Die zahlreichen Randbedingungen des Wärmepumpenbetriebs führen zu einer impliziten Lastverschiebung die schwierig zu bewerten ist. Ein systemischer Nutzen des Demand-Side-Management lässt sich dennoch vor allem aus der Verbrauchsreduktion der Luft/Wasser Wärmepumpen und der sehr wahrscheinlichen Reaktion auf extreme Preissignale ableiten. Für Stromnetzbetreiber erscheint das Erschließen von Wärmepumpen im Wohnbereich als Netzbetriebsmittel fraglich. Die wesentlichen Gegenargumente sind die eingeschränkte Zuverlässigkeit bei Beachtung der Randbedingungen und die geringe elektrische Leistung im Vergleich zu E-Fahrzeugen, die das Niederspannungsnetz in naher Zukunft vor größere Herausforderungen stellen werden. Interessanter sind Konzepte, bei denen Energieversorger oder Direktvermarkter die Flexibilität einer Vielzahl an Wärmepumpen erschließen und zur Optimierung der Strombeschaffung verwenden. In diesem Kontext stellen sich vor allem Fragen der Wirtschaftlichkeit, die auf Basis der hier gefundenen Potenziale insgesamt fraglich bleibt, es sein denn im Konzept finden Wertschöpfungen aus Synergieeffekten statt, die im Rahmen dieser Arbeit nicht berücksichtigt werden konnten. In Bezug auf die nationale Spitzenlast im Stromsystem wurde ein relevantes Wärmepumpenpotenzial für Demand-Side-Management festgestellt, so dass die Thematik unter der Berücksichtigung der hier aufgeführten Sensitivitäten weiterverfolgt werden sollte. In 2020 the European Union introduced the “Green Deal” and declared the target of climate neutrality until 2050. The necessary measures will lead to a massive roll-out of fluctuating renewable energies such as wind power and photovoltaic. This in turn will lead to an increasing need for flexibility in the energy system. The design of the future European internal market for electricity intends to let end-consumers actively participate by managing their consumption based on variable electricity prices and in that way contributing to the flexibility demand. For private households, these Demand-Side-Management measures target heat pumps in particular. This work analyzes the flexibility potential of heat pumps in residential buildings and addresses challenges in the Luxembourgish context. The time horizon for the evaluation is defined as 2030. The methodology presented in this work is applicable to similar regions in Europe. The research questions are investigated by the means of thermal simulation. The software TRNSYS is used for the building models and heating systems. A Model-Predictive-Control, developed in MATLAB, is sending control signals to the heat pump that are based on variable electricity tariffs. The heat extraction of the thermal energy storage tank is determined by a neural network, so that the Model-Predictive-Control in itself works without an integrated building model. The suitability of the approach is validated by the simulation results. Based on the national developments in the building stock, there is a theoretical heat pump potential of 236-353 MWel that can offer flexibility. The band with arises because of different suppositions for the yearly refurbishment rate. The technical potential is significantly lower and is determined by the developments of the national heat pump market. As the data availability for Luxemburg was insufficient, a heat market study was initiated that investigated sales numbers for the period of 2014-2018 and derived scenarios until 2030. The technical potential in conclusion amounts to 30-73 MWel. The insights of the national context are used for the design of the simulation models. The concept of Demand-Side-Management is tested with numerous simulation cases and is then evaluated on aspects of energy efficiency, profitability and load shifting. In total there are three reference buildings, one single-family and one multi-family house, each according to the energetic standard of a new construction, and one single-family house that meets the legal requirements for energetic refurbishment in Luxembourg. In order to demonstrate the influence of the heat source there are simulations with air-to-water as well as geothermal heat pumps. The analysis furthermore considers six different thermal energy storage capacities. The influence of the predictive control strategy is demonstrated by a comparison with reference cases that work with a common control. The flexible electricity tariffs are based on real market data of the EPEX-Spot Day-Ahead auction and is completed with grid fees and taxes in Luxembourg. The simulation results confirm the suitability of the Model-Predictive-Control approach without integrated building model. Air-to-water heat pumps achieve better efficiency and cost reduction than geothermal heat pumps, as they have two ways to reduce the costs: via the variable electricity tariffs and via a performance optimization of the heat pump itself. The performance optimization is the preferred choice of the control strategy if the price profile consists of mainly static components. Buildings with high insulation level show a sharper reaction to price signals than buildings with lower insulation standard. For the latter in return the absolute cost reduction potential is better as the overall energy demand is higher. With low capacity thermal energy storage, the energy efficiency and cost reduction potential are limited since the reaction to price signals immediately leads to a temperature rise in the tank counteracting the overall objective by increasing the heat pump consumption. With increasing tank capacity, this aspect improves. Nevertheless, there is a limit where the increasing heat losses of the tank compensate the positive aspects of bigger tanks. As the heating systems are usually not equipped with larger thermal energy storage tanks, there is an extra investment for the end-consumer that needs to be compensated by the cost reduction of the Demand-Side-Management. This profitability is only given for the multi-family house and the less insulated single-family house, equipped with an air-to-water heat pump and small to medium sized storage tanks. Two alternative price profiles are tested in order to demonstrate the influence of the price signals. In the first case, a higher volatility of the prices is presumed, to reflect a higher market share of renewable energies. In the second case variable grid fees are added to the volatile prices to further increase the incentive of Demand-Side-Management. In all simulation cases the cost reduction increases so that that buildings with high thermal insulation and air-to-water heat pump are profitable with medium sized thermal energy storage. At the same time a change of behavior of the predictive controller can be observed as the price signals become more attractive than the aspect of performance optimization, leading to an increased electricity consumption in comparison to the previous price profile. An overall economic potential of 22-53 MWel can be concluded. The numerous constraints for the heat pump operation lead to an implicit load management effect that is difficult to interpret. Nevertheless, there is a clear systemic benefit of Demand-Side-Management that result from the better performance of air-to-water heat pumps and the highly probable reaction to extreme price signals. The assessment of a high number of heat pumps by the grid operator in order to stabilize the electricity grid is questionable. The main counter arguments are the limited reliability considering the constraints and the low electric power compared to the e-mobility that will be the major challenge of the low voltage grids in the nearer future. Concepts, where energy providers or direct marketers assess the flexibility to optimize procurement strategies seems more interesting. In this context the profitability is the main question that cannot be verified based on the findings, except if there is added value stemming from synergy effects that were not considered in this work. In relation to the peak demand of the Luxembourgish energy system there is a relevant heat pump potential for Demand-Side-Management. In the nearer future the subject should be further investigated, keeping in mind the findings and sensitivities presented in this work.
- Published
- 2020
12. Monitoring renewable energies in transport
- Author
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Schröder, Jörg and Naumann, Karin
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Producing Renewable Energies – Swiss Innovation at EXPO 2017 in Astana
- Author
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Elsbeth Heinzelmann
- Subjects
Expo ,Future energy ,International ,Microbial fuel cell ,Workshop ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Promote renewable energies efficiently and effectively
- Author
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Haucap, Justus, Kühling, Jürgen, Amin, Munib, Brunekreeft, Gert, Fouquet, Dörte, Grimm, Veronika, Gundel, Jörg, Kment, Martin, Ketter, Wolfgang, Kreusel, Jochen, Kreuter-Kirchhof, Charlotte, Liebensteiner, Mario, Moser, Albert, Ott, Marion, Rehtanz, Christian, Wetzel, Heike, Meinhof, Jonathan, Wagner, Marlene, Borgmann, Miriam, and Stephanos, Cyril
- Subjects
Q41 ,Förderung erneuerbarer Energien ,ddc:330 ,Klimaschutz ,D47 ,L94 ,Deutschland - Abstract
Das Jahr 2021 hat in Deutschland neuen Schwung in die Bemühungen zum Klimaschutz gebracht. Die Novelle des Klimaschutzgesetzes schreibt eine Reduktion der Treibhausgasemissionen um 65 % bis zum Jahr 2030 gegenüber 1990 fest. Maßgeblich dazu beitragen soll ein massiver Ausbau der Stromerzeugung aus erneuerbaren Energien. Nach Verschärfung der Klimaschutzmaßnahmen stellt sich die Frage, ob das bisherige Strommarktdesign und die damit einhergehenden Vergütungsregeln für die Stromerzeugung auch bei einem von erneuerbaren Energien dominierten Strommarkt weiterhin geeignet sind, um die im Energiewirtschaftsgesetz festgeschriebenen Ziele der Versorgungssicherheit und Preisgünstigkeit bestmöglich zu erreichen. The year 2021 has brought new momentum to climate protection efforts in Germany. The amendment to the Climate Protection Act stipulates a 65 % reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 compared to 1990. A major contribution to this will come from a massive expansion of electricity generation from renewable energies. Following the tightening of the climate protection measures, the question arises as to whether the current electricity market design and the associated remuneration rules for electricity generation are still suitable for achieving the goals of security of supply and low prices stipulated in the Energy Industry Act, even with an electricity market dominated by renewable energies.
- Published
- 2022
15. Verteilungswirkungen des EEG
- Author
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Bardt, Hubertus and Niehues, Judith
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Dynamic and small-scale modelling of current and future energy demand and electricity generation from renewable energies
- Author
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Schmid, Tobias, Wagner, Ulrich (Prof. Dr.), and Kolbe, Thomas H. (Prof. Dr.)
- Subjects
Ingenieurwissenschaften ,Energieverbrauch, Erneuerbare Energien, Regional, Geodaten ,energy consumption, renewable energies, regional, geodata ,ddc:620 - Abstract
Der Wandel der Energieversorgung von zentralen zu dezentralen Strukturen führt zu steigenden Anforderungen an die räumliche Auflösung von Energiesystemmodellen. Die Modelle zur Synthese von regional und zeitlich hoch aufgelösten Daten zum Energieverbrauch und Stromerzeugung basieren auf der Fusion von offenen, statistischen Daten und Geodaten. Die erreichbare regionale Auflösung beträgt 100 m. Das Potenzial und die zukünftige Entwicklung für Photovoltaik und Windenergie werden modelliert und mit historischen Daten validiert. Die Integration der gesamten Arbeit in einer PostGIS-Datenbank gewährleistet ein hohes Maß an Dynamik, Reproduzierbarkeit und Übertragbarkeit. The change of the energy supply from central to decentralized structures leads to increasing demands on the spatial resolution of energy system models. The models for the synthesis of regionally and temporally high-resolution data on energy consumption and power generation are based on the fusion of open, statistical data and geodata. The achievable regional resolution is 100 m. The potential and future development for photovoltaics and wind energy are modelled and validated with historical data. The integration of the entire work in a PostGIS database guarantees a high degree of dynamics, reproducibility and transferability.
- Published
- 2019
17. How to measure the usage of regional potentials of renewable energies: An empirical analysis of German counties
- Author
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Bennat, Tatjana, Brökel, Tom, and Sternberg, Rolf G.
- Subjects
Raumplanung und Regionalforschung ,local politics ,Federal Republic of Germany ,Erneuerbare Energien ,Efficiency ,Landespolitik ,energy production ,Kommunalpolitik ,Germany ,Messung ,Effizienz ,Deutschland ,ddc:710 ,Regionalplanung ,Landscaping and area planning ,Städtebau, Raumplanung, Landschaftsgestaltung ,Energieerzeugung ,Measurement ,Regionen ,Area Development Planning, Regional Research ,Energiepolitik ,Ausbaupotenzial ,Renewable energies ,renewable energy ,Bundesrepublik Deutschland ,regional difference ,Potential for expansion ,erneuerbare Energie ,regionaler Unterschied ,Regions ,policy of a Bundesland ,Landkreis ,regional planning ,district ,energy policy - Abstract
Der Beitrag beantwortet zwei bislang kaum behandelte Fragen: Wie gut schöpfen deutsche Regionen ihr Potenzial zur Erzeugung regenerativer Energien aus und welche Faktoren beeinflussen diese Ausbaueffizienz? Mit dem neuartigen quantitativ-empirischen Konzept der Ausbaueffizienz wird das Ausmaß ermittelt, mit dem Regionen ihre natürlichen und sozioökonomischen Potenziale zur Erzeugung von Energie aus erneuerbaren Quellen zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt ausgeschöpft haben. Dieser Ansatz erlaubt unter Berücksichtigung der Energieträger Wind-, Solar- und Biogasenergie einen relativen Vergleich von Regionen, ihre Ausbaueffizienz über die Zeit sowie die Identifikation von Best-practice-Regionen. Mittels der innovativen Methodik werden deutsche Landkreise im Zeitraum 2000 bis 2014 verglichen. Dabei kommt eine robuste nichtparametrische Effizienzanalyse zum Einsatz, deren Ergebnisse durch qualitative Experteninterviews in ausgewählten Kreisen Niedersachsens validiert werden. Die Ergebnisse der Untersuchung zeigen große regionale Unterschiede in der Ausbaueffizienz sowohl zwischen Landkreisen als auch zwischen (Landkreisen in verschiedenen) Bundesländern. Auch bezüglich der Art der drei betrachteten regenerativen Energieträger unterscheiden sich die deutschen Landkreise erheblich. Die empirischen Befunde sind räumlich und zeitlich sehr differenziert und erlauben auch deshalb diverse lokal- und landespolitische Schlussfolgerungen. Insbesondere sollten Landkreise (und Bundesländer) mit bislang eher geringer Ausbaueffizienz von solchen mit hoher Ausbaueffizienz lernen. In der Breite können diese politischen Lerneffekte nachhaltig zum Gelingen der Energiewende beitragen. This paper answers two rarely considered questions: How well do German regions exploit their potential to produce renewable energy and which factors impact on this exploitation efficiency? By applying the new quantitative-empirical concept of exploitation efficiency, we measure the degree, to which regions have exploited their natural and socio-economic potentials of producing energy from renewable source at a specific point in time. This approach allows, with respect to wind power, solar power and biogas energy, a relative comparison of regions, monitoring their performance over time as well as the identification of best-practice regions. Applying our innovative method, we compare German districts in the time period 2000-2014. We use a robust, non-parametric efficiency analysis and validate its results by qualitative expert interviews in selected counties in Lower Saxony. The results show strong disparities in terms of the exploitation efficiency between districts and federal states. This exploitation efficiency moreover varies significantly for different types of renewable energy. We also observe specialization tendencies in this context. Our empirical results are very detailed both from a spatial and from a temporal perspective and therefore allow for drawing several conclusions for local and federal state policies. For instance, those districts (and federal states) with currently rather low exploitation efficiencies need to learn from those with high efficiencies. Such learning effects may sustainably contribute to a successful turnaround in energy policy.
- Published
- 2019
18. Integration erneuerbarer Energien in die deutsche Stromversorgung im Zeitraum 2015–2020 mit Ausblick auf 2025
- Author
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Winter, Wilhelm, Neddermann, Bernd, Knorr, Kaspar, Grave, Katharina, and Lindenberger, Dietmar
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Problem-oriented state control of the energy transition in the electricity sector : The amendments to the legal basis for the expansion of renewable energies in the years 2011 to 2016 in the light of the federal interest and decision-making structures
- Author
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Debuck, Stephan, Dose, Nicolai (Akademische Betreuung), and Dose, Nicolai
- Subjects
Fakultät für Gesellschaftswissenschaften » Institut für Politikwissenschaft (IfP) ,Energiewende ,Politikwissenschaft ,ddc:320 ,Energiepolitik ,Erneuerbare Energien ,Energiepolitik -- Energiewende -- Erneuerbare Energien - Abstract
Die Energiewende in Deutschland ist seit einigen Jahren aus dem politischen und wissenschaftlichen Diskurs nicht mehr weg zu denken. Dabei kann die Energiewende als doppelte Transformation des Energieversorgungssystems beschrieben werden. Im Fokus der vorliegenden Dissertation stehen die Stromwende und der sie pr��gende rechtliche Rahmen sowie dessen politische Gestaltung im F��deralismus. In der Dissertation werden einerseits die Rolle des Staates in den Steuerungsprozessen und andererseits die Wirksamkeit der Steuerungskonzeptionen sowohl einzelner Gesetze als auch deren Einfluss auf ma��nahmen��bergreifende Wechselbeziehungen im Sinne eines zukunftsf��higen Gesamtkonzeptes als systematisierte Ursache von Steuerungsdefiziten in das Zentrum des Erkenntnisinteresses ger��ckt. So werden die analytische Problemorientierung der verschiedenen Policies und die Frage, ob Ma��nahmen an der Problemursache ansetzen oder nur an den Symptomen kurieren, zum Gegenstand der Analyse. Auf diese Weise werden politische Kalk��le, Interessenlagen und daraus resultierende Konflikte ebenso thematisiert wie der ma��nahmenbezogene Beitrag zur Probleml��sung ��� Macht- und Sachfragen werden als zwei Seiten einer politischen Medaille folglich ganzheitlich betrachtet. Mit der Energiewende verbindet sich ein starker staatlicher Steuerungsanspruch, da mit ihr eine gewaltige Transformationsaufgabe verbunden ist. Um dies politikwissenschaftlich zu reflektieren, wird dargelegt, was ein modernisierter Steuerungsbegriff in der politikwissenschaftlichen Analyse zu leisten vermag. Methodisch wird dabei auf den Policy-Design-Ansatz nach Dose zur��ckgegriffen, der f��r das vorliegende Erkenntnisinteresse modifiziert wird. In f��nf Fallstudien werden die ma��geblichen Gesetzgebungsverfahren f��r den Ausbau der erneuerbaren Energien aus den Jahren 2011 bis 2016 analysiert, wobei politische sowie f��derale Interessen- und Entscheidungsstrukturen ber��cksichtigt werden. Koordinationsprobleme zwischen Bund und L��ndern und die Rolle der Ministerpr��sidentenkonferenz in den Policy-Prozessen sind dabei ebenso Analysegegenstand wie die Effektivit��t und Kosteneffizienz der Ma��nahmen und dessen unintendierte Nebenfolgen. Mit dieser ganzheitlichen Betrachtung des Untersuchungsgegenstandes wird ein Beitrag zur politikwissenschaftlichen Public Policy Analyse der Stromwende in Deutschland geleistet., The energy transition in Germany (Energiewende) has been an integral part of the political and scientific discourse for some years now. The energy transition can be described as a double transformation of the energy supply system. The focus of this dissertation is on the energy transition in the electricity system (Stromwende) and the legal framework that shapes it, as well as its political structure in federalism. In the dissertation two essential aspects are moved into the center of the knowledge interest: on the one hand the role of the state in the control processes and on the other hand the effectiveness of the control conceptions of individual laws as well as their influence on inter-measure interrelationships in the sense of a sustainable overall concept as a systematized cause of control deficits. Thus the analytical problem orientation of the various policies and the question of whether measures address the cause of the problem or only cure the symptoms become the subject of the analysis. In this way, political calculations, interests and the resulting conflicts are discussed as well as the measure-related contribution to problem solving ��� Power and factual issues are therefore viewed holistically as two sides of the same political coin. The energy transition is associated with a strong demand for government control, as it is associated with a huge transformation task. In order to reflect this in political science, it is shown what a modernized concept of control can achieve in political science analysis. Methodologically, the policy design approach according to Dose is used, which is modified for the current interest in knowledge. The relevant legislative procedures for the expansion of renewable energies from 2011 to 2016 are analyzed in five case studies, taking into account political and federal interest and decision-making structures. Coordination problems between the federal government and the federal states and the role of the Prime Minister's Conference in the policy processes are as much a subject of analysis as the effectiveness and cost efficiency of the measures and their unintended side effects. With this holistic view of the object of investigation, a contribution is made to the political science public policy analysis of the electricity transition in Germany.
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- 2022
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20. Promotion of renewable energies by Directive 2009/28/EG and its further development : perspectives for small players
- Author
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Mordhorst, Annegret
- Subjects
Europäische Union ,Elektrizitätsmarkt ,ddc:340 ,Energiepolitik ,Prosumerismus ,340 Recht ,Energierecht - Abstract
Ziel der Arbeit war es, die Perspektiven für Erneuerbare-Energien-Anlagen kleiner Akteure wie Prosumenten unter dem neuen Rechtsrahmen zur Förderung erneuerbarer Energien zu untersuchen und einen Ausblick zu geben, wie die rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen im deutschen Fördersystem, konkret mit dem EEG, umgesetzt werden können. Das erste Kapitel befasst sich mit den wichtigsten EU-Rechtsvorschriften im Bereich der erneuerbaren Energien. Massnahmen sowohl auf der Primar- als auch auf der Sekundarstufe waren in diesem Zusammenhang wichtig. Auf der Primärebene, d. Oh Dokumenth. auf der Ebene des EU-Vertrags, spielt der Energieartikel des Artikels 194 AEUV eine zentrale Rolle. Der sekundäre Rechtsrahmen für die Förderung von Energie aus erneuerbaren Quellen besteht im Wesentlichen aus der Richtlinie 2009/28/EG und der Richtlinie zur Förderung von Energie aus erneuerbaren Quellen, die am 21. Dezember 2018 in Kraft getreten sind. In diesem Kapitel erfolgt eine Untersuchung der Unterschiede zwischen den wichtigsten Richtlinien aus dem Jahr 2009 und der Neufassung der Richtlinie aus dem Jahr 2018. Dazu gehörten insb. die Bereiche Eigenversorgung und erneuerbare Energiegemeinschaften. Im weiteren Verlauf der Arbeiten wurden die europäischen Vorgaben zur Eigenversorgung von Strom aus erneuerbaren Energien sowie die Bestimmungen für Erneuerbare-Energien-Gemeinden mit den deutschen Vorgaben des Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetzes in der Fassung 2021 verglichen. Der Vergleich zeigte, dass die deutschen Anforderungen weitgehend den europäischen entsprechen, dass es aber noch einige Unterschiede gibt, die vom deutschen Gesetzgeber noch umgesetzt werden müssen, damit die kleinen Akteure das vom europäischen Gesetzgeber eingeräumte Potenzial voll ausschöpfen können. Zusätzlich zu diesen Kernpunkten wurden folgende Fragen angesprochen. Wie sollte Energie aus erneuerbaren Quellen gefördert werden? Wird die Einspeisungspriorität weiterhin bestehen, und wenn ja, unter welchen Bedingungen? Wie werden Erneuerbare-Energien-Anlagen zukünftig im Engpassmanagement behandelt und wie werden die Verwaltungsverfahren für die Genehmigung von Erneuerbare-Energien-Projekten gestaltet? Auch diese Fragestellungen wurden durch einen Vergleich mit den aktuellen Anforderungen des Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetzes vertieft und kamen zu dem Ergebnis, dass die deutschen Anforderungen des Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetzes den europäischen Anforderungen entsprechen. Die Arbeit endete mit einer Exkursion. Der rechtliche Hintergrund des EU-weit verbindlichen Ziels für den Anteil erneuerbarer Energien am Bruttoendenergieverbrauch von 32 Umschalttaste % bis 2030 wurde näher untersucht., The aim of this paper was to investigate the perspectives for renewable energy plants of small players, such as prosumers,. under the new legal framework for the promotion of energy from renewable sources and to provide an outlook on how the legal framework can be implemented in the German funding system, specifically with the EEG. The first chapter deals with key EU legislative measures in the field of renewable energy. Measures at both primary and secondary level were important in this respect. At the primary level, i. e. the EU Treaty level, the energy article of Article 194 TFEU plays a central role. The secondary legal framework for the promotion of energy from renewable sources consists mainly of Directive 2009/28/EC and the Directive on the Promotion of Energy from Renewable Sources, which entered into force on 21 December 2018. In this chapter, an examination of the Differences between the major directives of 2009 and the recast directive of 2018, that for the first time European requirements to promote the needs of small players have been included. This included the areas of self-sufficiency and renewable energy communities. In the further course of the work, the European requirements for self-supply of electricity from renewable energies as well as the provisions for renewable energy communities were compared with the German requirements of the Renewable Energy Act in the version 2021. The comparison showed that the German requirements are largely in line with the European ones, but that there are still some differences which still need to be implemented by the German legislator in order for the small players to be able to make full use of the potential granted by the European legislator. In addition to these key points, the following questions were addressed. How should energy from renewable sources be promoted? Will feed-in priority continue to exist and, if so, under what conditions? How will renewable energy installations be treated in the future in congestion management and how will the administrative procedures for the approval of renewable energy projects be designed? These questions were also examined in greater detail by comparing them with the current requirements of the German Renewable Energy Act and arriving at the conclusion that the German requirements of the Renewable Energy Act are in line with European requirements. The work ended with an excursion. It examined in more detail the legal background of the EU-wide binding target for the share of renewable energy in gross final energy consumption of 32% by 2030.
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- 2022
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21. ROMANIA'S ENERGY POTENTIAL OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
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Maghear Diana
- Subjects
Sustainable development, solar energy, geothermal energy, biomass, wind energy ,Business ,HF5001-6182 ,Finance ,HG1-9999 - Abstract
The concept of 'sustainable development' and the necessity for its realization has gone a long way in order to be unanimously accepted. Over time many authors have written about the problem regarding resources depletion, about the effects of pollution and their economic, ecological and social aspects of it. From the observation of the pollution phenomenon and its implications and until this problem has been acknowledged and accepted by a large number of people this problem has been extensively described by various authors be they economists, ecologists, biologists or psychologists and discussed at multiple conferences conducted in order to find a solution to this problem. In the last century, the use of fossil fuels (coal, gas, oil) has had disastrous effects, catastrophic even on the environment, greater than any human activity in history. Among these effects we can enumerate: global warming, the emergence of acid rains, thinning of the ozone layer, etc. In consequence, the use of alternative energy resources becomes imminent for the today world. Among these resources we can include the sun, the wind, geothermal water, biomass, water, etc., which have the capacity to generate alternative energy namely solar energy, wind energy, hydro energy, wave energy, geothermal energy, bioenergy (biofuels), biodiesel, etc. that have the as purpose the reduction of the thermal, radioactive and chemical pollution anywhere on the globe. Renewable energy sources are largely indigenous; they are not based on the future availability of conventional sources of energy, and natural or predominantly decentralized makes that the respective economy to be less vulnerable in front of the supply with volatile energy. Therefore, they constitute a key element of a sustainable energy future. This paper is meant to highlight the need for achieving a sustainable development both in terms of the problem that humanity faces which threatens the entire ecosystem and namely the environmental pollution as well as the depletion of the conventional resources that are highly polluting, highlighting the energy potential that renewable energy resources Romania has. This issue will be extensively discussed in the thesis entitled 'The necessity and importance of sustainable development of Romania. Case study on the use of renewable energies for heating the population in the western part of Romania' which I intend to realize and support at The West University of Timisoara, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, under the guidance of Professor Doctor Laura Cismas.
- Published
- 2011
22. EEG – Quo Vadis? On the development of the Renewable Energies Act: Focus bioenergy
- Author
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Bernd Krautkremer
- Subjects
Agriculture ,Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 ,Technology ,Mechanical engineering and machinery ,TJ1-1570 ,Machine design and drawing ,TJ227-240 - Published
- 2016
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23. Optimierte Integration der Elektromobilität in das Stromversorgungssystem bei hohen Anteilen erneuerbarer Energien
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Pregger, Thomas, Luca de Tena, Diego, Schmid, Stephan, Wille-Haussmann, Bernhard, Pollok, Thomas, and Sowa, Torsten
- Published
- 2013
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24. Climate change awareness and social acceptance of renewable energies
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Ohlsen, Niels, Weller, Ines, and Engel, Uwe
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renewable energies ,acceptance research ,social transformation ,bioenergy ,climate change policy ,energy system ,climate change awareness ,wind turbines ,Germany ,wind energy ,metropolitan region ,Northwest Germany ,public acceptance ,attitudes towards climate change ,public attitude ,wind power ,nimby ,climate change ,energy transition ,environmental attitudes ,Energiewende ,environmental awareness ,ddc:300 ,socio-political acceptance ,biogas plants ,300 Social sciences, sociology and anthropology ,renewable energy systems ,acceptance - Abstract
The EEG promotion led to an expansion of decentralised wind power and biogas plants throughout the northwest region of Germany. Without a broad socio-political acceptance of this development, the transformation to a climate-friendly energy supply system is facing a major hurdle. This dissertation contributes to research on social acceptance of renewable energies by showing that climate change awareness increases the acceptance, and that as a background variable, can increase or mitigate the effects of the perceived advantages and disadvantages of plants. For this, a postal cross-sectional survey with 577 respondents was carried out in the northwest region based on a registration office sample. The results showed that climate change awareness had a greater total effect on the acceptance of regional wind power plants than the perceived economic benefits, landscape effects or electricity price increases. The structural equation model for biogas plant acceptance showed climate change awareness as a less relevant predictor. Therefore, in the future, integrative studies on acceptance of renewable plants should consider the impact of climate change awareness.
- Published
- 2018
25. Erneuerbare Energien — Räumliche Dimensionen, neue Akteurslandschaften und planerische (Mit)Gestaltungspotenziale am Beispiel des Biogaspfades
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Kanning, Helga, Buhr, Nina, and Steinkraus, Katharina
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- 2009
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26. Mazedonien: Potenziale zur Erhöhung der Energieeffizienz und für den Einsatz erneuerbarer Energien.
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Rafajlovski, Goran
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ENERGY conservation ,RENEWABLE energy sources ,ECONOMIC development ,ENVIRONMENTAL protection ,REGIONAL cooperation ,WATER power - Abstract
The international debate on sustainable energy supply, climate chance and securing economic growth is also affecting the countries of South East Europe. The European Energy and Climate Policy as the foundation of the International Renewable Energy Agency; the Climate Package and the Energy Community Treaty are of crucial importance for growing energy efficiency, investments in renewable energies and precise measures of climate protection in Macedonia. The involvement of the country in the European Energy Community is pushing regional cooperation as well as international investments in the energy sector. The improvement of energy efficiency and a stronger use of renewable energy resources are strategic goals of the Macedonian government. Huge available potentials as sun energy, geothermal sources and wind energy are still not used. The only renewable energy resource used for electricity production is hydropower. During the EU accession process Macedonia is requested to improve regulations on the electricity and gas market, energy efficiency and renewable energies as well as the administrative capacity in the whole energy sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
27. Impact of renewable energies to European energy systems under historical and future climate conditions
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Henckes, Philipp
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ddc:550 ,ddc:530 ,ddc:500 - Abstract
The development of the Earth's climate is expected to be one of the greatest threats to mankind and nature in the 21st century, with hardly predictable and perhaps irreversible consequences for future generations. Hence, it appears essential that societies worldwide try to tackle the emerging challenges with all possible means and need to undergo substantial changes, in particular, for resource management. Energy transition from fossil-based to renewable energies may play a major role contributing to climate change mitigation via drastic CO2 reductions. Here, a key is to better understand the variable renewable energies' (VRE) characteristics for present and future conditions, in order to strike a new path towards CO2-free energy systems and a more sustainable world. The emerging corresponding research field is highly complex and interdisciplinary. The Energy Transition and Climate Change project, hosted by the University of Cologne, aims to establish an interdisciplinary framework to tackle various research questions as well as to raise new ones. The present thesis is embedded in the project and benefits in particular from the exchange of knowledge between meteorology and economics. Three main studies are related to the project and are subject to this thesis, as well as in parts to publications. Study I aims to reduce the gap of available, reliable and comprehensive wind power data sets for follow-up investigations by generating a novel long-term European wind power time series based on a high resolution reanalysis by the German Weather Service (COSMO-REA6). Hereby, the improvement of a comprehensive understanding of the unique VRE power characteristics and their potential role for energy systems in Europe is supported. Analyzing this data base reveals strong variations in annual wind productions as well as of frequencies of extreme situations in Europe and Germany. In addition, results show high potentials of balancing effects within Europe and in particular for Germany, emphasizing the promising potential of VRE to help realizing the energy transition. Reanalyses products, such as COSMO-REA6, are often used as a meteorological basis for subsequent energy system studies including high shares of VRE. Since reanalyses contain considerable biases, the question of their impact to energy system models arises. Study II shows that energy conversion as well as energy system models are highly sensitive to initial errors associated with the meteorological input data, in particular under high shares of VRE. In this context, impacts on the overall composition of German electricity system as well as allocation effects of VRE capacities are observed. Such an uncertainty evaluation is a novelty in energy system modeling. Finally, Study III investigates the impact of climate change on a simplified European electricity system under strong decarbonization targets until the end of the 21st century. Here, the focus is on effects with respect to VRE technologies. For this purpose, simulations based on historical and future climate change scenarios, under strong CO2 emission assumptions, from the EURO-CORDEX project are compared. Simulations exhibit, that the system on the one hand adapts to climate change by pronounced shifts within VRE capacities and on the other hand by substantial local allocation adjustments, in order to fulfill the demand side while meeting the decarbonization target. The outcomes further show that, although European VRE potentials decline and their variability increases in the future climate change scenario, no substantial changes in the overall system (costs, ratio between VRE and non-VRE, electricity price) can be observed. This adaption strategy emphasizes the need for sufficient investments in transmission capacities, the urgency of a common and joint European approach and corresponding adequate actions from this day forward.
- Published
- 2019
28. Eckpunkte zur EEG-Reform: Der Energiewende nächster Akt
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Gawel, Erik
- Published
- 2014
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29. Welche regenerativen Energien für den Unterglasanbau?
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Berwanger, Peter
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GREENHOUSES ,RENEWABLE energy industry ,PHOTOVOLTAIC power generation ,RETAIL industry ,WOOD chips - Abstract
The article explores the imperative shift toward renewable energies in greenhouse cultivation due to climate regulations and other pertinent factors, discussing the impending challenges and available alternatives such as wood chips, wood pellets, biomass, and potential technological advancements including photovoltaic and wind energy systems. It highlights the rising cost of CO2 pricing, pressures from retailers favoring renewable energy.
- Published
- 2023
30. EU-Weißbuch Erneuerbare Energien und die Ergebnisse von Kyoto
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Hein, W.
- Published
- 1998
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31. Ausbau erneuerbarer Energien durch die Gemeinde für hieran interessierte Einwohner mit Immobilieneigentum – Eigenbeteiligung der Eigentümer i.H.v. 25 % der förderfähigen Kosten, die eine vereinbarte Obergrenze nicht überschreiten darf – Erstattung von 75 % der förderfähigen Kosten an die Gemeinde durch einen Zuschuss der zuständigen Woiwodschaft – Keine Steuerpflichtigkeit der Gemeinden für Tätigkeiten oder Umsätze, die ihnen im Rahmen der öffentlichen Gewalt obliegen
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INCOME ,RENEWABLE energy sources ,LEGAL judgments ,STATE courts ,TAXATION - Abstract
The article focuses on expansion of renewable energies by the community for interested residents with property ownership. It mentions reimbursement of 75 percent of eligible costs to the municipality through a subsidy from the competent voivodeship and energies supplies and installs, provided such activity does not occur the sustainable generation of income. It also mentions tax liability of the municipalities for activities or sales made to them under the public subject to violence.
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- 2023
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32. Rise of Renewable Energies in the Government of Gerhard Schröder 1998-2005
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Lohnertová, Daniela, Šafařík, Petr, and Mlsna, Petr
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Gerhard Schröder ,obnovitelné energetické zdroje ,nuclear power phase-out ,Německá energetická politika ,ecotax ,German energy strategy ,červeno-zelená koalice ,ekologická daň ,red-green coalition ,renewable energies ,odstoupení od jaderné energetiky - Abstract
The aim of this work is to analyse the causes leading to the German 'green energy revolution'. The elections to the Bundestag in 1998 brought a significant change to the German political scene. By creating a coalition consisting of representatives of the social democrats and Bündnis 90 / Die Grünen, the sixteen years old coalition of CDU / CSU and FDP was interrupted. This break was the result of a long-term societal development and the impact of the anti-nuclear movement, which started its forming at the beginning of the 70th years. This phenomenon is described in the first chapter of this work. The red-green government of Chancellor Gerhard Schröder enforced promotion of electricity produced from renewable energy sources and the gradual restriction of nuclear energy. The historical turning point in the conception of the Energy Policy brought the Renewable Energy Act, which sets fixed feed-in tariffs for electricity from renewable sources. It entered into force in the year 2000. The intensions that led to this decision are examined in the second chapter. A new concept of financing the social security system by implementation of an ecotax (Ökosteuer) and the development of innovative technologies designed by German industry count to the main reasons. Despite initial disagreements between the...
- Published
- 2014
33. Prospects for the short-term Integration of Renewable Energies into Jordan’s Power Plant Fleet
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Fichter, Tobias and Fend, Thomas
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unit commitment optimization ,Jordan ,CSP ,Systemanalyse und Technikbewertung ,Renewable energies ,Wind ,PV ,power system optimization ,capacity expansion model - Published
- 2013
34. Essays on the Efficient Integration of Renewable Energies into Electricity Markets
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Obermüller, Frank
- Subjects
ddc:330 - Abstract
The dissertation “Essay on the Efficient Integration of Renewable Energies into Electricity Markets” consists of five research articles which shed light on the efficient integration of renewable energies into electricity markets. A major share of renewable energies has characteristics which differ from classical conventional generation technologies. The uncertain weather-dependent characteristics in combination with almost-zero marginal generation costs raise new challenges to some parts of the electricity system. On the other side, the promotion of renewable energies seems promising to achieve the Energy Transition targets and reduce Germany's CO2-emissions. This becomes relevant in the light of the 2015 UN Climate Change Conference which negotiated the Paris Agreement to tackle climate change, e.g. by the restriction of global warming to a maximum of 2°C, and translate to CO2-reduction efforts, especially for the carbon-dioxide intense electricity sectors. The five research papers focusing on different aspects and potential inefficiencies of the renewable energy market integration. The focus can roughly be separated into temporal and regional efficiency examinations. The temporal efficiency is subject to paper 1, paper 2 and paper 3. The regional efficiency is subject to paper 5 which is based on the preliminary findings and the generated dataset in paper 4.
- Published
- 2017
35. Modelling market participants and market designs in the process of market integration of renewable energies from an agent-based perspective
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Matthias Reeg
- Subjects
Agent-based Modelling ,Renewable Energies ,Systemanalyse und Technikbewertung ,Direct-Marketing ,Marktet Intregration - Published
- 2012
36. Regulative raumordnungsbezogene Optionen für eine Beschleunigung (nicht nur) der Energiewende: Ebenen, Verfahrensschritte und Bindungswirkungen
- Author
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Hauke von Seht
- Subjects
Acceleration ,Energy transition ,Spatial planning ,Renewable energies ,Open space ,Cities. Urban geography ,GF125 ,Urbanization. City and country ,HT361-384 - Abstract
The urgency of the energy transition is in conflict with delaying effects and options that are not optimally used in the complex, multi-stage German planning system. This also applies to the law and procedures of spatial planning, as well as the interaction of spatial planning with construction planning and sectoral law. Here, fundamental reform options have not yet been exhausted, despite many current legislative projects. Some procedural steps and options for legislative deviations can be eliminated altogether, the interaction of planning and decision-making levels can be made more effective, and subject-related certain hierarchical levels in the planning system could be omitted on a topic-specific basis. Based on a brief analysis of the initial situation for spatial planning, this paper first provides corresponding general considerations on such far-reaching acceleration options and their consequences. This is followed by the presentation of numerous specific spatial planning-related optimisation options.
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- 2023
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37. Partnership for industrial digitalization and renewable energies: INSTITUTE: ITA Aachen.
- Published
- 2024
38. Three Essays in Applied Economics - Empirical Analyses of Renewable Energies & the Relationship between Competitive Sports and Job Success
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Giessing, Leonie
- Published
- 2017
39. Ökologischer Umbau von Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft: Kosten und Nutzen.
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Frondel, Manuel
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RENEWABLE energy sources ,COST benefit analysis ,ELECTRIC power production ,ENERGY consumption ,ENERGY economics ,CONSUMERS ,RENEWABLE energy costs - Abstract
Copyright of Zeitschrift fur Wirtschaftspolitik is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
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40. Integrating renewable energies - estimating needs for flexibility, competition of technologies and the impact of grid extensions
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Borggrefe, Frieder, Scholz, Yvonne, and Pregger, Thomas
- Subjects
Systemanalyse und Technikbewertung ,energy system modelling ,energy scenario ,renewable energy - Abstract
EU member states aim for significantly increasing the share of electricity production from renewable energy sources to meet long-term decarbonization targets. The German government defined a goal of 80% electricity generation from renewable energies by 2050. Fluctuating renewable energy technologies based on wind, photovoltaic and water are seen as key technologies to meet these goals. This contribution presented results of a three-year study estimating fluctuating renewable feed-in and analyzing medium to long-term potentials of most relevant load balancing options in a power supply system with high shares of renewable energies.
- Published
- 2014
41. Szenariobasierte Analyse der Kurzschlussströme im deutschen Niederspannungsnetz unter Verwendung der CIGRE-Referenznetze
- Author
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Plenz, Maik, Grumm, Florian, Meyer, Marc Florian, Boden, Scott, Schulz, Detlef, and Lehmann, Kathrin
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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42. Integration of renewable energies – flexibility options from demand side management
- Author
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Borggrefe, Frieder and Gils, Hans Christian
- Subjects
balancing markets ,Systemanalyse und Technikbewertung ,intraday markets ,Long term potential ,Demand Response - Abstract
This talk investigates to what extend demand side management (DSM) can play a significant role in future energy markets and can help to integrate large shares of renewable energy into the energy system. Based on results of recent studies at the DLR System Analysis Group the presentation addresses three topics. In the first part it analyzes the technical potential for demand side Management. The second part investigates how demand side management will be used in future energy systems. The role of load managment in balancing and intraday markets is investigated as well as the potential for integration of renewables in the spot market are analyzed. In the final part potential game changers to the application of DSM and long term impact of DSM on the energy system are outlined.
- Published
- 2015
43. Regional actors' options of action to support renewable energies - limits of recommendations from regional science and options of enhancement by concepts from sociology of technology
- Author
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Keppler, Dorothee, Heiland, Stefan, and Technische Universität Berlin, Fakultät VI - Planen Bauen Umwelt
- Subjects
Renewable energy ,300 Sozialwissenschaften ,Akteure ,Regionalwissenschaft ,ddc:300 ,Region ,Techniksoziologie ,Sociology of technology ,Erneuerbare Energie ,Actors ,Regional science - Abstract
Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wird untersucht, inwiefern die bisherigen Vorannahmen hinsichtlich der Handlungsmöglichkeiten regionaler Akteure beim Ausbau erneuerbarer Energien verallgemeinerbar sind. Auf der Basis regionalwissen-schaftlich fundierter Forschungsarbeiten, die sich mit dem den Handlungsmög-lichkeiten regionaler Akteure in sogenannten Vorreiterregionen befassen, sind Empfehlungen entstanden, die nach Einschätzung ihrer VerfasserInnen übertragbar sind. Dass und warum dies nur begrenzt zutrifft, wird im Rahmen dieser Arbeit vor dem Hintergrund empirischer Untersuchungen in den "Kohleregionen" Niederlausitz und Ruhrgebiet analysiert. Es zeigt sich, dass die vorhandenen Empfehlungen nicht alle Hemmnisse angemessen berücksichtigen, die den Ausbau erneuerbarer Energien in Regionen entscheidend beeinflussen können. Eine Vielzahl möglicher Hemmnisse wird nicht direkt angesprochen, antizipierte Hemmnisse werden auf andere Ursachen zurückgeführt, als ihnen in der Niederlausitz und im Ruhrgebiet zugrunde liegen. Vor dem Hintergrund der techniksoziologischen Perspektive zeigt sich, dass auch die Vernachlässigung handlungsfeldspezifischer Charakteristika zur Ausblendung von Grenzen der Handlungsmöglichkeiten regionaler Akteure beim Ausbau erneuerbarer Energien beigetragen hat. So werden die Auswirkungen der regionalspezifischen soziotechnischen Konstellationen sowie deren Kopplungen mit dem Gesamtsystem auf die Reorganisation der regionalen Energieversorgung nicht angemessen berücksichtigt. Darüber hinaus wird erkennbar, dass die Verknüpfung regionalwissenschaftlicher und techniksoziologischer Perspektiven fruchtbar ist und weiterverfolgt werden sollte. An diese Erkenntnis anknüpfend werden konzeptionelle Erweiterungsmöglichkeiten entwickelt, die die techniksozio-logische Perspektive integrieren. Regionen werden hierbei als soziotechnische Subsysteme des Energieversorgungssystems verstanden. Als Basis für eine differenziertere Analyse der Handlungs- und Einflussmöglichkeiten regionaler Ak-teure wird eine Orientierung an energierelevanten Regionentypen vorgeschlagen. Ergebnis der Arbeit sind Hinweise zur thematischen Ausgestaltung zukünftiger Empfehlungen und für zukünftige Forschungs- und Untersuchungs-ansätze., In this thesis it is examined, in what way the existing assumptions on regional actors' options of action to support renewable energies are generalisable. Based on research from regional science dealing with regional actors' options of action in so-called outrider-regions, recommendations were formulated, which are – following the appreciation of their authors – transferable. In the context of empirical research in the "coal regions" Lower Lusatia and Ruhr Valley it becomes clear why this is only partly applying. It appears that the existing recommendations do not regard all restraints for renewable energies in regions. Anticipated restraints are reduced to other causes than given in Lower Lusatia and the Ruhr Valley. Against the background of the perspective of sociology of technology it emerges that also the neglect of the characteristics of the energy supply system contributed to the fade-out of restraints. The repercussions of the regional socio-technical constellations and their linkage with the overall system on the reorganisation of the regional energy supply system are not accounted reasonably. Beyond that, the linkage of perspectives from regional science and sociology of technology occurs to be fruitful and should be enlarged in future. Conceptual enhancements should consider regions as socio-technical subsystems of the energy supply system. A reference to energy-related types of regions is proposed for a more differentiated analysis of regional actors' options of action to support renewable energies. The thesis ends with suggestions for future research and for the development of recommendations.
- Published
- 2013
44. Einbindung netzdienlicher Betriebsweisen dezentraler Erzeugungsanlagen in die rechnergestützte Netzoptimierung zur Minimierung des Netzausbaubedarfs
- Author
-
Blaufuß, Christoph and Hofmann, Lutz
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Renewable Energies in Germany – A Biography of the Innovation Process
- Author
-
Bruns, Elke, Ohlhorst, Dörte, Wenzel, Bernd, and Köppel, Johann
- Subjects
ddc:320 - Abstract
In den letzten 20 Jahren konnten in Deutschland zuvor nicht für möglich gehaltene Wachstumsquoten in den Branchen der erneuerbaren Energien im Stromsektor umgesetzt werden. Das Forschungsprojekt „Innovationsbiographie der erneuerbaren Energien“ untersuchte in einer Querschnittsbetrachtung rückblickend die Innovationsverläufe der erneuerbaren Energien zur Stromerzeugung: Biogasverstromung, Photovoltaik, Windenergie, Tiefengeothermie und Wasserkraft. Die nun vorliegende Studie gibt Aufschluss darüber, welche zentralen Einflussfaktoren und Akteure auf den Innovationsprozess der erneuerbaren Energien fördernd – oder auch hemmend – einwirkten. Die einzelnen Sparten der erneuerbaren Energien im Stromsektor weisen individuelle Innovationsbedingungen, Verläufe und Dynamiken auf. Es wird aber auch eine gewisse Regelhaftigkeit deutlich: die Innovationsprozesse verlaufen nicht stetig bzw. linear, sondern weisen Brüche und Entwicklungsknicks auf. Auf Phasen hoher Innovationsdynamik können Phasen der Stagnation oder Krisen folgen, die eine Herausforderung für die Steuerung darstellen. Die Ergebnisse des Forschungsvorhabens beleuchten die Vielschichtigkeit und das Auf und Ab von Innovationsverläufen der erneuerbaren Energien. Die Erfolge sind Ergebnis einer Koordinationsleistung staatlicher, privater und gesellschaftlicher Akteure. Auch übergeordnete Rahmenbedingungen, technische Voraussetzungen oder gesellschaftliche Einflüsse spielten im Sektor der erneuerbaren Energien eine entscheidende Rolle. Auf Seiten der Politik ist daher systemisches Denken und Handeln gefragt. Nur dann können Wirkungszusammenhänge zwischen den unterschiedlicher Einflussfaktoren erkannt, interpretiert und durch adäquate Maßnahmen politisch gesteuert werden. Online-Version, im Universitätsverlag der TU Berlin (www.univerlag.tu-berlin.de) erschienen. For the past 20 years we have witnessed growth rates of electricity generation from renewable energies in Germany that were not considered possible before. The interdisciplinary research project “Innovationsbiographie der erneuerbaren Energien“ (biography of the innovation process of renewable energies) examined with a cross-sectional, retrospective approach the innovation pathways of five energy sources for renewable electricity generation: biomass, photovoltaic, deep geothermal energy, wind power and hydroelectricity. This study sheds light on the – supportive and inhibitive - influencing factors and on the decisive actors within the innovation process of renewable energies. The individual branches of renewable energies in the electricity sector possess unique innovation conditions, pathways and dynamics. Yet there appears to be a certain pattern: the innovation processes do not proceed continuously or linear, but they exhibit phases of breaks and ruptures. Phases of high innovative dynamics may be followed by phases of stagnation or crises, which pose a challenge for political steering. The results of the research project highlight the multi-layered character and the ups and downs in the innovation paths of renewable energies. The successes are a result of the coordination capabilities of governmental, private and societal actors. Just as well, overarching framework conditions, technical preconditions or societal influences play a decisive role within the sector of renewable energies. Hence there is a constant need for systemic thinking and acting on the side of politics. This is the only way to discover and interpret the interdependencies between different influencing factors and to allow for political steering by adequate measures. Online-Version, published by Universitätsverlag der TU Berlin (www.univerlag.tu-berlin.de).
- Published
- 2010
46. Regional factors in the development of renewable energies:results of a case study in the energy region of Lower Lusatia
- Author
-
Keppler, Dorothee
- Subjects
ddc:570 ,ddc:300 - Abstract
Die regionale Ebene hat viele Potenziale, um die Nutzung erneuerbarer Energien voranzutreiben. Eine Untersuchung in der Energieregion Lausitz zeigt, welche Faktoren hemmend oder fördernd wirken und wo die Akteure einer Region ansetzen können. Which factors shape the development of renewable energies on a regional level? This article argues that supra-regional conditions, such as law and financial support, are only one part of the story. Presented are the results of a case study in the east German region of Lower Lusatia, a traditional energy region, where lignite surface mining is still an important economic factor. The case study focused on the views of regional actors in the field of renewable energies. From interviews with these actors, it became apparent that renewable energy activities are supported, or hindered, by: the involvement of regional pioneers and supporters, the regional mentality, the initial physical and socioeconomic situations, the availability of relevant information and know-how, regionally adjusted models and concepts, and regional cooperation. A central conclusion is that the supra-regional support of renew able energies should not only focus on technology but also on the activities of regional actors and on the factors that are deci sive for the success, or failure, of their efforts to mobilise a sufficient number of comrades.
- Published
- 2007
47. System Analysis and Technology Assessment / System and Market Integration of Renewable Energies and esp. Concentrating Solar Power
- Author
-
Kern, Jürgen and Hoyer-Klick, Carsten
- Subjects
Systemanalyse und Technikbewertung ,Energy Solar CSP Renewables Sustainability Desalination Resources REMix-CEM - Published
- 2013
48. Efficient Integration of Renewable Energies in the German Electricity Market
- Author
-
Nabe, Christian A., Winje, Dietmar, and Technische Universität Berlin, Fakultät VII - Wirtschaft und Management
- Subjects
ddc:330 - Abstract
Im Rahmen der Liberalisierung der Elektrizitätswirtschaft wird eine zunehmende Durchführung von Koordinationsaufgaben des Elektrizitätsversorgungssystems durch Märkte und Marktpreise angestrebt. In dieser Arbeit wird untersucht, wie Strommärkte gestaltet sein müssen, um eine effizienten Durchführung von Koordinationsaufgaben, die durch die Integration von Anlagen zur Nutzung erneuerbarer Energien in das System entstehen, zu gewährleisten. Die ermittelten Gestaltungsrichtlinien werden an der gegenwärtigen deutschen Marktgestaltung gespiegelt, um Handlungsempfehlungen abzuleiten. Zur Untersuchung wird der industrieökonomische Strukur-Verhalten-Ergebnis Ansatz angewendet, nach dem die Marktergebnisse unterschiedlicher Regulierungen von Marktstrukturen und Marktverhalten verglichen werden, um daraus Rückschlüsse auf die Effizienz der Regulierungsform abzuleiten. Die Integration von erneuerbaren Energien führt zu keinen grundsätzlich neuen Koordinationsaufgaben, sondern erschwert die in jedem Elektrizitätsversorgungssystem bestehenden. Im kurzfristigen Zeitbereich handelt es sich vor allem um die Bereitstellung und den Einsatz von Reserveleistung. Im langfristigen Zeitbereich betrifft dies die Abstimmung des Kraftwerksparks hinsichtlich der Verhältnisse von Investitions- zu Betriebskosten der einzelnen Kraftwerke und seiner Flexibilitätsstruktur auf die Charakteristika der erneuerbaren Energien. Die kurzfristigen Koordinationsaufgaben mit dem Netz bestehen aus erhöhten Anforderungen an das Netzengpassmanagement zur Erzielung eines kostenoptimalen Redispatchs. Langfristig muss zwischen den Kosten des Netzausbaus und des dauerhaften Engpassmanagements abgewogen werden. Bei der Durchführung der von erneuerbaren Energien beeinflussten Koordinationsaufgaben sind im kurzfristigen Zeitbereich zentrale und integrierte Marktarchitekturen den dezentraleren Architekturen überlegen: Die Erhöhung von kurzfristigen Koordinationsanforderungen erneuerbaren Energien durch die Inflexibilitäten von Erzeugern und Verbrauchern bedeutet eine erhöhte Informationsdichte, die bei der Koordination berücksichtigt werden muss. Werden diese Informationen in einem Markt zentralisiert, kann eine erhöhte produktive Effizienz des Kraftwerkseinsatzes erzielt werden. In Deutschland werden die gestiegenen Koordinationsaufgaben durch die Integration von Windgeneratoren geprägt. Die bestehende Marktarchitektur weist bei der Koordination im kurzfristigen Zeitbereich Ineffizienzen auf. Diese zeigen sich bei einer Analyse der Durchführungsregeln des Regelenergiemarktes sowie der dort erzielten Marktergebnisse in Form von deutlichen Abweichungen von wettbewerblichen Preisen. Die indirekte Integration von erneuerbaren Energien in den Strommarkt führt zu zusätzlichen Transaktionskosten durch Profiltransformationen. Die im Jahr 2004 erfolgte Novelle des Erneuerbare Energien Gesetzes, das die Marktintegration definiert, enthält Maßnahmen zur Verminderung dieser Ineffizienzen, jedoch wird am Prinzip der indirekten Integration festgehalten. Auf Basis der Analyseergebnisse werden Veränderungen der Regulierung der Marktstruktur vorgeschlagen. Eckpunkte sind die die Einführung einer Direktvermarktung sowie die Zentralisierung und Integration von kurzfristigen Koordinierungsaufgaben in einer Institution. Der Aufgabenbereich dieser Institution umfasst die Abwicklung des day-ahead-, intraday- und Regelenergiemarktes sowie des Netzengpassmanagements. Weiterer Forschungsbedarf besteht in der Quantifizierung von Effizienzgewinnen durch die vorgeschlagenen Maßnahmen sowie zur Analyse der Auswirkungen auf die Strompreisstruktur. Liberalisation of the electricity sector aims to carry out coordination tasks within the system by markets and market prices. This study examines how markets need to be designed to carry out coordination tasks caused by integration of renewable energies in an efficient way. This question is applied to the German electricity system and recommendations are derived from identified deficits. The examination uses the structure-conduct-performance approach of industrial organisation economics. Integration of renewable energies does not result in entirely new coordination tasks but complicates those that exist in any electricity supply system. Within the short-term coordination tasks provision and operation of reserve capacity is affected by renewable energies. Long-term coordination means that the relation between fixed and variable costs of generators as well as generator flexibility has to be adjusted to the characteristics of renewable energies. The relevant short-term coordination task with the network is congestion management. In the long run costs of grid expansion and permanent congestion management have to be balanced. For the execution of short-run coordination tasks integrated and centralised market architectures are superior to decentralised architectures. The increase of short-term coordination tasks due to renewable energies caused by inflexibilities of consumers and conventional generators results in more information that has to be considered. By centralising that information in one market, an increase in productive efficiency can be obtained. In Germany the increased coordination tasks are determined by the integration of wind generators into the electricity system. The present German market architecture results in inefficiencies in short-term coordination. This is demonstrated by an analysis of procedural rules and prices of the ancillary service markets. They demonstrate that market performance is low and significant deviations from competitive prices can be found. The indirect integration of renewable energies in the market results in additional transaction costs due to additional load profile transformations. The revision of the German electricity feed-in law of 2004 includes measures to reduce these inefficiencies, but the principle of indirect integration is maintained. Based on the results of the analysis, adaptations of the market structure are proposed: A direct commercialisation of electricity on the market by owners of renewable energy systems as well as a centralisation and integration of short-term coordination tasks in one institution. The main tasks of this organisation include the execution of the day-ahead, intra-day and ancillary service market as well as the network congestion management. Further research is necessary to quantify achievable efficiency gains by the proposed measures as well as the effects on the structure of electricity prices.
- Published
- 2006
49. Mama Rose und ihre Solaranlage: Erneuerbare Energien gewährleisten nicht nur die Stromversorgung.
- Author
-
Berchner, Marit
- Subjects
SOLAR energy ,SOLAR cells ,RENEWABLE energy sources - Abstract
The article discusses solar power as a renewable energy, with specific reference to falling prices of solar panels which led to growing use of off-grid systems of solar power and energy-efficient household appliances making people self-sufficient.
- Published
- 2018
50. Sensible Thermal Energy Storages in District Heating Networks for the Balancing of Fluctuations from Intermittent Renewable Energies
- Author
-
Gils, Hans Christian, Scholz, Yvonne, Heide, Dominik, and Luca de Tena, Diego
- Subjects
Wärmespeicher ,Kraft-Wärme-Kopplung - Published
- 2012
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