45,054 results on '"Rats"'
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2. Haltung und Nachzucht der Inselkletternatter Elaphe climacophora [BOIE, 1826].
- Author
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WARNKE, LARS
- Subjects
- *
ANIMAL sexual behavior , *ELAPHE , *REPTILES , *WOOD decay , *ENDANGERED species , *SNAKES , *TERRARIUMS , *COLUBRIDAE , *RATS , *EGG incubation , *EGGS ,SNAKE behavior - Abstract
The article describes the behavior and breeding of the island climbing snake Elaphe climacophora. The species was popular in terrariums for a long time but lost popularity with the emergence of Asian climbing snakes. The island climbing snake is a monotypic species of the genus Elaphe and has specific characteristics such as keeled dorsals and ventral keels. It inhabits the Japanese archipelago and is adaptable to different habitats. The species is diurnal and feeds on birds, mice, and rats. The island climbing snake hibernates for about 2-5 months and lays its eggs in decaying wood or compost heaps. In terrariums, they are relatively peaceful but can suddenly bite. There are different color and pattern variations of the species. The author of the article keeps two females and one male of this endangered species and regularly breeds them. The animals are kept in terrariums and fed thawed rats. During hibernation, they are kept in plastic boxes with moist moss. The mating season begins in March, and the male attempts to fertilize the female. After mating, the male's hemipenis swells and there is a thickening of the female's cloacal region. During this time, the animals should not be disturbed. After about 40 days, the female lays the eggs and defends them against disturbances. The eggs are incubated in a moist and warm wet box, and the hatchlings emerge after approximately 80 days. The island climbing snake is a recommended and beautiful snake that adapts well to terrarium keeping. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2023
3. Reverse Digitalization bestehender Anlagen schont Investitionen.
- Subjects
GRAIN storage ,STORAGE facilities ,DIGITAL technology ,MANUFACTURING industries ,RATS - Abstract
Copyright of Pharma + Food is the property of Hüthig GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
4. Reverse Digitalization bestehender Anlagen schont Investitionen.
- Subjects
GRAIN storage ,STORAGE facilities ,MANUFACTURING industries ,RATS ,DETECTORS ,DATA transmission systems ,DIGITAL technology - Abstract
Copyright of Chemie Technik is the property of Hüthig GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
5. Wanderratten auf Hallig Norderoog in der Saison 2023.
- Author
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Kirchhoff, Elisabeth
- Subjects
- *
RATTUS norvegicus , *BIRD nests , *PREDATION , *EGGS , *TERNS , *SEASONS , *RATS - Abstract
In the 2023 season, brown rats were discovered on the Hallig Norderoog, posing a threat to the coastal birds nesting there. The rats have been feeding on the eggs of the common terns and coastal terns, resulting in a complete failure of the breeding season. The sandwich terns were also affected by predation, although the impacts varied among different subcolonies. Despite measures taken to reduce the rat population, their presence on the Hallig persists. Therefore, it is strongly recommended to take further actions to ensure the protection of the seabirds. [Extracted from the article]
- Published
- 2023
6. Aus Erfahrung.
- Subjects
CHANGE management ,RATS ,CHIEF executive officers ,TEAMS ,ORGANIZATION - Abstract
Copyright of Changement is the property of Solutions by HANDELSBLATT MEDIA GROUP GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. [Cell loss in retinal ischemia is associated with increased necroptosis].
- Author
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Tsai T, Deppe L, Burkhard Dick H, and Joachim SC
- Subjects
- Animals, Rats, Autophagy physiology, Male, Retinal Diseases pathology, Retinal Diseases metabolism, Retinal Diseases physiopathology, Ischemia pathology, Receptor-Interacting Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases metabolism, Apoptosis, Astrocytes pathology, Astrocytes metabolism, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein metabolism, Necroptosis, Retinal Ganglion Cells pathology, Reperfusion Injury pathology, Reperfusion Injury metabolism
- Abstract
Background: Retinal ischemia plays a central pathophysiological role in numerous eye diseases, such as glaucoma. In addition to apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis and ferroptosis are among the cell death mechanisms of ischemia; however, their role is not clearly understood and controversially discussed., Objective: The aim of this study is to gain an improved understanding of the role of alternative cell death mechanisms such as autophagy and necroptosis after retinal ischemia. Based on this, future autophagy-based or necroptosis-based therapeutic approaches could be developed., Material and Methods: Retinal ischemia reperfusion was induced in one eye of 6 to 8‑week-old rats by temporarily increasing the intraocular pressure to 140 mm Hg (60 min), followed by reperfusion. The untreated contralateral eye served as a control. Retinas after ischemia and control retinas were examined 7 days after ischemia immunohistochemically with markers for retinal ganglion cells (RGC), astrocytes (GFAP) as well as an autophagy (LAMP1) and a necroptosis marker (RIPK3) (n = 6/group)., Results: Ischemia reperfusion resulted in both significant RGC loss (p ≤ 0.001) and a significant increase of astrocyte area (p = 0.026) after 7 days. Interestingly, the number of autophagic LAMP1 positive cells was unchanged 7 days after ischemia (p = 0.272), whereas the number of necroptotic RIPK3 positive cells was significantly increased (p ≤ 0.001)., Conclusion: Necroptotic processes appear to be activated 7 days after ischemia reperfusion, contributing to retinal cell death and activation of astrocytes. Late autophagic processes are not activated 7 days after ischemia. Necroptosis-associated parameters could therefore be targeted as an early therapeutic approach after ischemia in the future., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. [New awareness for zoonoses using the example of rat bite fever : Case report and literature review].
- Author
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Marschner M, Hausdorf C, Lüno M, and Schlatterer K
- Subjects
- Male, Adult, Humans, Animals, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Doxycycline therapeutic use, Diagnosis, Differential, Rats, Sulbactam therapeutic use, Sulbactam administration & dosage, Ampicillin therapeutic use, Rat-Bite Fever diagnosis, Rat-Bite Fever drug therapy, Rat-Bite Fever microbiology, Streptobacillus isolation & purification, Zoonoses diagnosis, Zoonoses microbiology, Zoonoses transmission
- Abstract
Background: Rat bite fever is a rare but potentially fatal bacterial zoonosis. The symptoms can be unspecific, but severe sepsis can be associated with involvement of different organs., Case Report: A 27-year-old homeless man presented with fever, suspected meningitis, acute renal failure, unclear skin lesions as well as joint problems and muscular pain. Bite wounds were not detected. Meningitis could be excluded after lumbar puncture, and there was no evidence of endocarditis as the cause of the skin lesions. After 72 h, growth of Streptobacillus moniliformis in blood cultures was detected. Clinical symptoms were compatible with the diagnosis of rat bite fever. Calculated antibiosis with ampicillin sulbactam and doxycycline led to regression of the symptoms., Conclusion: Rat bite fever poses a diagnostic challenge due unspecific symptoms, diverse differential diagnostic options, and challenging microbiological detection. Patient history is of the utmost importance. Due to the rarity of the disease, this case report is intended to raise awareness., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. NOTIZEN.
- Subjects
- *
WAR , *HERDERS , *ROHINGYA (Burmese people) , *MITTENS , *RATS - Published
- 2024
10. Das versale Eszett: Ein neuer Buchstabe im deutschen Alphabet.
- Author
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Walder, Adrienne
- Subjects
GERMAN language ,ORTHOGRAPHY & spelling ,RATS ,LETTERING ,EDITIONS - Abstract
In June 2017, a new letter was officially introduced into the German language: the capital eszett >. Following a suggestion of the Rat für deutsche Rechtschreibung (Council for German Orthography), the letter was included in the revised version of the official spelling rules, and also the new 2017 edition of the Duden mentions the capital eszett. The present article investigates the reasons underlying this orthographic change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Universum 25 – das Calhoun-Experiment.
- Author
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Armbruster, Friedrich A. D., Klingelhöfer, Doris, and Bendels, Michael H. K.
- Subjects
ANIMAL behavior ,DEATH ,HUMAN growth ,MICE ,RATS ,SOCIOBIOLOGY ,COMMUNITY support - Abstract
Copyright of Zentralblatt fuer Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz und Ergonomie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Warum wir Trost brauchen Auf den Spuren eines menschlichen Bedürfnisses.
- Author
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Garhammer, Erich
- Subjects
- *
REPUTATION , *EURO , *HATS , *ARGUMENT , *RATS - Published
- 2024
13. Polycaprolactone/Polylactic Acid Membrane Fails to Prevent Laminectomy-induced Sprouting of CGRP- and SP-immunopositive Nerve Fibres in the Dura mater lumbalis of Rats.
- Author
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Gipperich T, Hanesch U, Guido S, and Schulze Bövingloh A
- Subjects
- Rats, Animals, Rats, Inbred Lew, Nerve Fibers, Dura Mater surgery, Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide, Laminectomy, Polyesters
- Abstract
Background Context: Mechanisms and prevention of failed back surgery syndromes are rarely known in the clinical context. It has been shown that laminectomy induces outgrowth of putative nociceptive peptidergic afferents in the dura mater lumbalis of rats., Purpose: We aimed to investigate whether the application of a polycaprolactone/polylactic acid membrane (Mesofol) after surgery inhibits sensory hyperinnervation., Materials/methods: Adult Lewis rats were assigned to three groups: Control (no manipulation), Laminectomy and Laminectomy + Mesofol. Six weeks post-surgery, the durae were removed, immunohistochemically stained for CGRP- and SP-positive afferents and their density quantified., Results: In controls, CGRP- and SP-positive neurons were predominantly found in ventral but rarely observed in dorsal parts of the dura. Following laminectomy, the density of afferents significantly increased ventrally, resulting in a dense network of nerve fibers. In dorsal regions, neuronal sprouting of was observed. Covering the dura with Mesofol after laminectomy had no impact on nerve fibre outgrowth., Conclusion: Application of Mesofol neither prevents nor significantly diminishes the laminectomy-induced increase in the density of peptidergic afferents., Competing Interests: Die Autorinnen/Autoren geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Robotergestützte Lobektomie beim NSCLC: Eine moderne und vielversprechende Methode zur Behandlung – auch von älteren Patienten.
- Author
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Hekmat, Khosro
- Abstract
Introduction: Minimally invasive surgery has become the standard for the early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The appropriateness of the kind of lung resection for the elderly patients is still debated. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients with older than 75 years who underwent robotic lobectomy between May 2016 to June 2022. We selected 103 patients who met the inclusion criteria of the study. The preoperative cardiorespiratory functional evaluations were collected, and the risk of postoperative complications was calculated according to the Charlson Comorbidity Index, the American College of Surgery surgical risk calculator (ACS-NSQIP), EVAD score, and American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) score. The patients were divided in two groups according to the presence of postoperative complications. Results: Forty-three patients were female, and 72.8% of the total population were former or active smokers. Thirty-five patients reported postoperative complications. The analysis of the two groups showed that the predicted postoperative forced expiratory volumes in the first second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were significantly lower in patients presenting postoperative complications (p = 0.04). Moreover, the upstaging rate and the unexpected nodal metastases were higher in the postoperative complication groups. Conclusion: Robotic-assisted lobectomy for early-stage lung cancer is a safe and feasible approach in selected elderly patients. The factors that could predict the complication rate was the predicted postoperative FEV1 and the nodal disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Toxizität von Methyl-tert-butylether auf innere Organe von Versuchstieren unter Kältebedingungen.
- Author
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Zavgorodnij, Igor, Thielmann, Beatrice, Kapustnik, Walerij, Batschinskij, Ruslan, Batschinskaja, J., and Böckelmann, Irina
- Subjects
HYPERPLASIA ,ANIMAL experimentation ,COLD (Temperature) ,DRUG toxicity ,PULMONARY emphysema ,HISTOLOGICAL techniques ,HYPOTHYROIDISM ,INFLAMMATION ,LIVER cells ,MULTIPLE organ failure ,ORGANIC compounds ,RATS ,SPLEEN ,THYROID gland ,TOXICITY testing ,ENDOCRINE system - Abstract
Copyright of Zentralblatt fuer Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz und Ergonomie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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16. Notizen aus Forschungspolitik und Bildung.
- Author
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Zbikowski, Frauke
- Subjects
COUNTRY of origin (Immigrants) ,COVID-19 pandemic ,FOREIGN students ,AUTHOR-reader relationships ,RESEARCH personnel ,RATS ,RESEARCH vessels - Abstract
Copyright of Nachrichten aus der Chemie is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. [The first allogenic tracheal transplantation in humans 45 years ago : Procedure, course, and outcome].
- Author
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Brusis T
- Subjects
- Rats, Animals, Humans, Young Adult, Adult, Rats, Inbred Lew, Trachea transplantation
- Abstract
In November/December 1978, the first successful tracheal transplantation in humans was performed at the University ENT Clinic in Cologne by the then senior physicians Kurt G. Rose (later chief physician in Dortmund) and Klaus Sesterhenn (later chief physician in Duisburg). Director of the clinic at that time was Prof. Dr. Dr. Fritz Wustrow [10]. The immunological foundations and preliminary work were laid by Sesterhenn in the context of a total of 338 tracheal transplants in Lewis rats in the 1970s (details in the text). The first successful tracheal transplantation was performed on 18 November 1978 in a, then 19-year-old patient who had previously had a motorcycle accident. The donor organ was explanted in the University Hospital Essen and transplanted about 160 min later in the Cologne University ENT Clinic, first into a pocket of the right sternocleidomastoid muscle. The definitive transplantation took place on 06 December 1978. In the article, the circumstances at that time and the perioperative course in the Cologne University ENT Clinic are described by an eyewitness. The former patient is still well and without complications after more than four decades., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Aus Erfahrung.
- Subjects
CHANGE management ,RATS ,HATS ,HOTELS - Abstract
Copyright of Changement is the property of Solutions by HANDELSBLATT MEDIA GROUP GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
19. Jahresabschluss EZB.
- Subjects
EURO ,RATS ,MOBILE apps - Published
- 2024
20. Geldpolitische Beschlüsse (ohne Zinsbeschlüsse).
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EURO ,RAILROAD tunnels ,RATS ,OPERA ,GOLD - Published
- 2024
21. Geldpolitische Beschlüsse.
- Subjects
ASSET backed financing ,EURO ,RATS ,NUNS - Published
- 2024
22. [Augmentation in surgical sepsis : Chances and limitations in the treatment of osteitis with calcium hydroxyapatite containing antibiotics]
- Author
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H, Freischmidt, G, Reiter, P A, Grützner, and J, Armbruster
- Subjects
Pseudarthrosis ,Durapatite ,Sepsis ,Bone Substitutes ,Animals ,Osteitis ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Rats - Abstract
The surgical treatment of osteitis or fracture-related infections (FRI) is often associated with large bone defects. The treatment of these defects remains a major challenge in trauma surgery. Within the concept of tissue engineering, the development of various hybrid bone graft substitutes, such as calcium hydroxyapatite with added antibiotics, is continuously progressing.Chances and limitations in the treatment of osteitis with calcium hydroxyapatite containing antibiotics.Overview of the results of a 2-stage (infection) pseudarthrosis model on rat femurs treated with Cerament® G (Bonesupport, Lund, Schweden). Evaluation of the clinical experiences based on three case examples of osteitis treated with calcium hydroxyapatite containing antibiotics (Cerament® G or Cerament® V).After establishment of a 2‑stage pseudarthrosis model on the rat femur, the osteoconductive and osteoinductive potential of calcium hydroxyapatite containing antibiotics could be confirmed. In the clinical application, the use of Cerament® G seems to lead to a more favorable outcome in small cavitary defects. The recurrence rates are higher than previously described, especially for larger segmental defects.Taking the clinical and experimental results into consideration, a stricter evaluation of the indications for the use of Cerament® G is necessary to achieve the best possible outcome for patients.HINTERGRUND: Die operative Behandlung von Osteitiden bzw. frakturbedingen Infektionen (FRI) ist häufig mit großen Knochendefekten assoziiert. Die Therapie dieser Knochendefekte stellt die Unfallchirurgie weiterhin vor große Herausforderungen. Im Rahmen des „Tissueengineering“ schreitet die Entwicklung unterschiedlicher hybrider Knochenersatzstoffe, wie z. B. antibiotikahaltigem Kalziumhydroxylapatit, stetig voran.Chancen und Limitationen in der Behandlung der Osteitis mit antibiotikahaltigem Kalziumhydroxylapatit.Übersicht der Ergebnisse eines mit Cerament® G (Fa. Bonesupport, Lund, Schweden) therapierten zweizeitigen (Infekt‑)Pseudarthrosen-Modells am Rattenfemur. Evaluation der klinischen Erfahrungen anhand von 3 Fallbeispielen zur Behandlung von Osteitiden mit antibiotikahaltigem Kalziumhydroxylapatit (Cerament® G oder Cerament® V).Nach Etablierung eines zweizeitigen Pseudarthrosenmodells am Rattenfemur konnte das osteokonduktive und osteoinduktive Potenzial von antibiotikahaltigem Kalziumhydroxylapatit (Cerament®) nachgewiesen werden. In der klinischen Anwendung erscheint der Einsatz von Cerament® eher bei kleineren, kavitären Defekten erfolgversprechender. Die Rezidivraten, insbesondere bei größeren segmentalen Defekten, sind höher als zuvor beschrieben.In Anbetracht der klinischen und experimentellen Ergebnisse ist eine engere Indikationsstellung für den Einsatz von Cerament® notwendig, um das bestmögliche Outcome des Patienten zu erreichen.
- Published
- 2022
23. Wirkung von Nitrobenzol auf innere Organe unter Kältebedingungen.
- Author
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Zavgorodnij, I., Thielmann, B., Kapustnik, W., Batschinskij, R., and Böckelmann, I.
- Subjects
ADRENAL glands ,ANIMAL experimentation ,COLD (Temperature) ,EXPERIMENTAL design ,GLOMERULONEPHRITIS ,HEPATITIS ,KIDNEYS ,LIVER ,RATS ,SPLEEN ,THYROID gland ,TIME ,WATER ,OCCUPATIONAL hazards ,ENVIRONMENTAL exposure ,BENZENE derivatives - Abstract
Copyright of Zentralblatt fuer Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz und Ergonomie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Rentokil Initial.
- Subjects
PEST control ,FOOD industry ,PHARMACEUTICAL industry ,CONSUMERS ,RATS - Abstract
Copyright of Chemie Technik is the property of Hüthig GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
25. Auf dem Weg zur europäischen Energieunion.
- Author
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Schumacher, Anke
- Subjects
- *
CANIS , *RATS , *DEATH - Abstract
Das Europäische Parlament hat am 13. November 2018 in erster Lesung den Änderungen der Energieeffizienzrichtlinie und der Erneuerbaren-Energien-Richtlinie zugestimmt, welche unter anderem Ziele für erneuerbare Energien (Anteil am Endenergieverbrauch bis 2030: 32 Prozent) und Energieeffizienz (Senkung des Energieverbrauchs um 32,5 Prozent bis 2030) festlegen. Angenommen wurde auch die Verordnung für ein „Governance- System der Energieunion". Rat und Parlament hatten sich bereits im Juni 2018 auf diese Änderungen geeinigt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
26. Switching to instant black coffee modulates sodium selenite-induced cataract in rats
- Author
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El Okda, E. A., Mohamed, M. M., Shaheed, E. B., and Abdel-Moemin, A. R.
- Subjects
instant black coffee ,black tea ,hibiscus ,total phenols ,sodium selenite ,cataract ,rats ,co-phenols ,Medicine - Abstract
The influence of daily consumption of some common beverages on the development of cataract in rats was investigated. Total phenol content was determined in the beverages and an oral standardized dose of total phenols from each beverage was given to the treated rats. Weaned male albino rats were used and divided into five groups (n=7). Rats were fed Ain 93G and administered the standardized dose of instant coffee, black tea and hibiscus beverages for 30 days. On day 14 all rats were injected with a single dose of sodium selenite (NaSeO) bodyweight, except the control groups NC (negative control, did not receive NaSeO) and PC (positive control, was already injected on day 1 of the study). The rats were continued on Ain 93G and the standardized dose for another 16 days. Positive control rats were used. Total phenols were 210, 40, and 44 mg/g dry weight gallic acid equivalent in black coffee, black tea, and hibiscus, respectively. Decreased levels (statistically significant P
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. [Hantavirus Disease: An Update]
- Author
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Jörg, Hofmann, Martin, Loyen, Mirko, Faber, and Detlev H, Krüger
- Subjects
Orthohantavirus ,Mice ,Germany ,Hantavirus Infections ,Animals ,Humans ,Communicable Diseases ,Disease Outbreaks ,Rats - Abstract
In addition to the well-known clinical early symptoms of hantavirus disease (fever, flank and abdominal pain as well as arthralgia), unusual neurological changes in the context of infection come into focus. The spectrum of neurological symptoms ranges from transient myopia to severe pareses in the context of Guillain-Barré syndrome. In endemic areas, rapid IgM tests for initial assessment are of certain value for differential diagnosis. For therapeutic approaches, only supportive measures up to transient dialysis are available.Molecular genetic analysis and comparison of hantavirus strains of patients and mice from the same geographical area allowed molecular characterization of different outbreak regions. In the meantime, the Puumala viruses of the main outbreak regions in Germany are molecularly well characterized; therefore, the nucleotide sequence of the virus strain detected in a patient makes it possible to draw conclusions about the geographic region where the patient's infection took place.The human pathogenic hantaviruses being prevalent in Germany are the Puumala virus (reservoir: bank vole) and the Dobrava-Belgrade virus, genotype Kurkino (reservoir: striped field mouse). Recently, the molecular detection of further hantaviruses in patients with hantavirus disease was achieved. It can be concluded that also the Seoul virus (reservoir: rats) and the Tulavirus (reservoir: field mouse and related species) occasionally cause hantavirus disease in Germany.New results revealed that human infections can occur not only by the generally accepted route of inhalation of virus-containing aerosols, but also by ingestion of virus-containing materials.For patients with hantavirus infection or disease, it can be assumed that they are not infectious for their environment. A new systematic review could not confirm a human-to-human transmission previously postulated for South American hantaviruses.While all known human pathogenic hantaviruses are transmitted by rodents, other hantaviruses have been recently detected in shrews, moles, and bats. The clinical significance of these new viruses is quite unclear as yet. Neben den gut bekannten klinischen Symptomen der Hantavirus-Erkrankung (Fieber, Flanken- und abdominelle Schmerzen sowie Arthralgien) geraten zunehmend auch ungewöhnliche neurologische Veränderungen im Rahmen der Infektion in den Fokus. Das Spektrum reicht von passageren Myopien bis zu schweren Paresen im Rahmen eines Guillain-Barré-Syndroms. In Endemiegebieten sind Schnellteste auf IgM-Antikörper zur Ersteinschätzung eine differenzialdiagnostische Hilfe. Therapeutisch stehen weiterhin nur supportive Maßnahmen bis zur passageren Dialyse zur Verfügung. AUSBRUCHSREGIONEN IN DEUTSCHLAND UND REGIONALE UNTERSCHEIDUNG DER VIRUSSTäMME: Durch molekulargenetische Analyse und Vergleich von Hantavirus-Stämmen aus Patienten und Mäusen desselben geografischen Gebietes konnten Viren verschiedener Ausbruchsregionen charakterisiert werden. Inzwischen sind die Puumalaviren der Haupt-Ausbruchsregionen in Deutschland molekular so gut charakterisiert, dass anhand der Nukleotidsequenz des im Patienten nachgewiesenen Virusstammes Rückschlüsse auf die Gegend möglich sind, in der die Infektion des Patienten stattgefunden hat. Die bislang nachgewiesenen humanpathogenen Hantaviren in Deutschland sind das Puumalavirus (Reservoir: Rötelmaus) und das Dobrava-Belgrad-Virus, Genotyp Kurkino (Reservoir: Brandmaus). Kürzlich gelang der molekulare Nachweis von weiteren Hantaviren in Patienten mit entsprechender klinischer Symptomatik. Man kann davon ausgehen, dass auch das Seoulvirus (Reservoir: Ratten) und das Tulavirus (Reservoir: Feldmaus und verwandte Arten) in Deutschland vereinzelt Hantavirus-Erkrankungen auslösen. VIRUSEINTRITT AUCH üBER DEN DARM?: Neue Ergebnisse lassen es möglich erscheinen, dass die Infektion des Menschen nicht nur auf dem üblichen Weg der Einatmung virushaltiger Aerosole erfolgen kann, sondern auch durch Ingestion virushaltigen Materials. ZUR FRAGE DER MENSCH-ZU-MENSCH-ÜBERTRAGUNG VON HANTAVIREN: Bei Patienten mit Hantavirus-Infektion bzw. -Erkrankung kann davon ausgegangen werden, dass diese für ihre Umwelt nicht infektiös sind. Ein neues systematisches Review konnte auch die zuvor in Einzelfällen für südamerikanische Hantaviren postulierte Mensch-zu-Mensch-Übertragung nicht bestätigen. Während alle bekannten humanpathogenen Hantaviren von Nagetieren übertragen werden, wurden in den letzten Jahren weitere Hantaviren in Spitzmäusen, Maulwürfen und Fledermäusen nachgewiesen. Die klinische Bedeutung dieser neuen Viren ist noch weitgehend unbekannt.
- Published
- 2022
28. [Microsurgery Training with a Commercial Smartphone Kit - a new Device]
- Author
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Johannes Tobias, Thiel, Adrien, Daigeler, Ruth Christine, Schäfer, Katarzyna, Rachunek, and Sebastian, Hoffmann
- Subjects
Microsurgery ,Swine ,Suture Techniques ,Animals ,Humans ,Clinical Competence ,Smartphone ,Students ,Rats - Abstract
Microsurgical dissection and suturing techniques require persistent practice and perseverance. Rookies in particular often practice on the "dry model" in order to achieve a smooth transition to the application on the patient in the surgical theatre. Whether surgical glove, pig heart, with magnifying glasses, as a virtual reality tool, rat model with or without a training microscope - many different exercise models are described. For a number of years, self-made devices with smartphone cameras as a magnifying aid have also been known and are sometimes used. There is now a new commercial system from the US which allows the trainee to learn basic microsurgical techniques at any time and almost anywhere, or to perfect advanced knotting techniques such as the "through-the-loop" knot relatively easily and inexpensively. For this purpose, a conventional smartphone can be clamped in a 3 D swivel arm and anastomoses can be practiced on various vessel lumens. The smartphone therefor mimics a surgical microscope. There are prefabricated "cards" with built-in small plastic tubes of various diameters (1-3 mm) that can be used for practice.We believe that in the future such training kits can be part of the standard reporting in microsurgical training for interns and students in microsurgical centers.Mikrochirurgische Präparations- und Nahttechniken erfordern hartnäckiges Üben, eine gewisse Frustrationstoleranz und Ausdauer. Gerade Neulinge üben oftmals am „trockenen Modell“ um einen fließenderen Übergang bezüglich der späteren Anwendung am Patienten im Operationssaal zu erreichen. Ob am OP-Handschuh, Schweineherz, als Virtual Reality Tool, Rattenmodell mit Lupenbrille oder Mikroskop – viele verschiedene mikrochirurgische Übungsmodelle sind bekannt. Seit einigen Jahren sind auch Eigenbauten mit Smartphone-Kamera als Vergrößerungshilfe beschrieben. Neuerdings gibt es nun ein kommerzielles System aus den USA, welches es dem Trainee relativ einfach und kostengünstig erlaubt, zu jeder Zeit und fast an jedem Ort mikrochirurgische Basistechniken und das Handling von Faden und Instrumenten zu erlernen oder fortgeschrittene Knotentechniken wie den „Through-the-loop“-Knoten am Modell zu perfektionieren. Hierzu wird ein herkömmliches Smartphone als Mikroskopersatz in einen 3D-Schwenkarm eingespannt und mikrochirurgische Techniken können über das Display des Gerätes geübt werden. Passend zum Übungssystem gibt es vorgefertigte „Übungskarten“ mit eingebauten kleinen Plastikröhrchen verschiedener Stärke (1–3 mm), an denen unterschiedliche Anastomosetechniken geübt werden können.Wir glauben, dass zukünftig derartige Modelle in allen mikrochirurgischen Kliniken zum Standardrepertoire in der mikrochirurgischen Ausbildung für junge Assistenzärzte und Studierende gehören könnten. Sie sind preiswert, praktikabel und jederzeit an jedem Ort anwendbar.
- Published
- 2021
29. [The Gut Microbiome and Its Clinical Implications in Anorexia Nervosa]
- Author
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Stefanie, Trinh, Lara, Keller, and Jochen, Seitz
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Anorexia Nervosa ,Animals ,Brain ,Humans ,Anxiety Disorders ,Gastrointestinal Microbiome ,Rats - Abstract
The Gut Microbiome and Its Clinical Implications in Anorexia Nervosa
- Published
- 2021
30. [Renaissance of mouse favus : Retrospective analysis of Trichophyton quinckeanum infections at Jena University Hospital in the period 2015-2020]
- Author
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D M, Gregersen, A, Burmester, L, Ludriksone, S, Darr-Foit, C, Hipler, and C, Wiegand
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Antifungal Agents ,Arthrodermataceae ,Tinea Favosa ,Naphthalenes ,Cat Diseases ,Rats ,Hospitals, University ,Mice ,Dogs ,Trichophyton ,Cats ,Animals ,Humans ,Dog Diseases ,Tinea Capitis ,Retrospective Studies - Abstract
The number of Trichophyton quinckeanum infections has increased significantly in recent years. In 2020 in particular, the number of cases increased fivefold compared to 2015. Infections multiplied, especially in the second half of the year, which correlated with the upsurge in field mouse populations. Typical vectors are mice and rats as well as dogs and cats, which hunt the rodents. The animals are usually asymptomatic. In humans, on the other hand, the course is usually more inflammatory corresponding to other zoophilic mycoses. Typical clinical manifestations of the infections are tinea corporis and tinea capitis. Treatment of T. quinckeanum infections is similar to other dermatophyte infections, depending on the severity, location and age of the patient as well as the immune status, previous illnesses and medication. The duration of local therapy should be at least 4 weeks and continued for up to 14 days after the normalization of the skin presentation. Systemic treatment should take place with terbinafine 250 mg once a day orally (in adults). Alternatives are itraconazole, fluconazole and griseofulvin. Only the preparation griseofulvin, which is no longer available in Germany, is approved for children. Alternatively, terbinafine, itraconazole or fluconazole can also be used in children as an "off-label" treatment in an individual healing attempt.Infektionen mit Trichophyton (T.) quinckeanum haben in den letzten Jahren deutlich zugenommen. Insbesondere im Jahr 2020 haben sich die Fälle gegenüber 2015 verfünffacht. Vor allem in der zweiten Jahreshälfte sind vermehrt Infektionen aufgetreten, was mit dem Anstieg von Feldmauspopulationen korrelierte. Typische Vektoren sind Mäuse und Ratten sowie Hunde und Katzen, welche die Nagetiere jagen. Die Tiere sind in aller Regel asymptomatisch. Beim Menschen hingegen ist der Verlauf – wie bei anderen zoophilen Mykosen – meist stärker entzündlich als bei anthropophilen Erregern. Typische klinische Manifestationen der Infektionen sind Tinea corporis und Tinea capitis. Die Therapie von T.-quinckeanum-Infektionen erfolgt analog zu anderen Dermatophyteninfektionen in Abhängigkeit von Ausprägung, Lokalisation und Alter des Patienten sowie Immunstatus, Vorerkrankungen und Medikation. Die Therapiedauer einer Lokaltherapie sollte mindestens 4 Wochen betragen und sicherheitshalber noch bis 14 Tage über die Normalisierung des Hautbefundes hinaus fortgeführt werden. Die systemische Behandlung sollte mit Terbinafin 250 mg 1‑mal täglich oral (bei Erwachsenen) erfolgen. Alternativen sind Itraconazol, Fluconazol und Griseofulvin. Für Kinder ist nur das Präparat Griseofulvin zugelassen, das in Deutschland nicht mehr lieferbar ist. Alternativ kann auch bei Kindern Terbinafin, Itraconazol oder Fluconazol in einem individuellen Heilversuch als Off-label-Anwendung eingesetzt werden.
- Published
- 2021
31. THE AFFECT OF SEPERATION AND BEING AWAY FROM THE MOTHER ON RATS PUPPIES’ PHYSICAL AND MENTAL DEVELOPMENT
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Funda SEMENDEROĞLU, Canberk YILMAZ, Cemre HATİPOĞLU, Gökmen Ataç SÖNMEZ, Necati GÖKMEN, and Osman YILMAZ
- Subjects
Mental development ,rats ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 ,stress of separation from mother ,physical and mental development ,Social Sciences ,single housing ,Psychology ,Affect (psychology) ,Developmental psychology - Abstract
The aim of this study is to find out the effects on physical and mental development at rats that are separated from mothers and put into single housing. This study was conducted in Experimental Animal Research Center of Medical Faculty of Dokuz Eylül University. The ethical approval was taken from Dokuz Eylül University Animal Experiments Ethical Committee. In the study totally 28 rat puppies, 12 male and 16 female born from three Wistar Albino rats were used. 1st group (n: 6) the male rats puppies that have being away from the mother stress. 2nd group (n: 8) the female rats puppies that have being away from the mother stress. 3rd group (n: 6) the male rats puppies who don’t have separation stress. 4th group (n: 8) the female rats puppies who don’t have separation stress. All the puppy rats lived with their mother till the 18th day of their birth. The rats in 1st and 2 nd groups were taken from their mother between 18-30 th days, totally 12 days, 4 hours every day at the same time and same situation. Sucking from the mother was cut at the 30 th day and the puppy rats that are separated from the mothers at the 1 st and 2 nd groups were put to single housing between 30-90 days. On the other hand the other groups who don’t have separation stress were put in cages as males to get his and females to get her. The weight gain, food and water consumption was measured once a week to check out the physical development and water tank test was applied at 30 th and 90 th day to follow the mental development. There was a statistically significant difference (P
- Published
- 2019
32. [New drugs for small animals in 2020]
- Author
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Ilka Ute, Emmerich
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Rodent Diseases ,Mice ,Dogs ,Cats ,Animals ,Veterinary Drugs ,Dog Diseases ,Cat Diseases ,Rats - Abstract
In 2020, one novel pharmaceutical agent for small animals, the ACTH analog tetracosactide for the assessment of adrenocortical function in dogs, were released on the German market. Two established veterinary active pharmaceutical ingredients became available for additional species: The dissociative anesthetic ketamine is now also authorized for hamsters, mice, and rats; and the osmotic laxative lactulose is approved for use also in dogs and cats. Additionally, 3 veterinary drugs with a new combination of active ingredients (mometasone + terbinafine + florfenicol, sarolaner + moxidectin + pyrantel), an agent (tetracaine) in a novel pharmaceutical formulation, one drug (lidocaine) with a new route of administration as well as a crystalloid balanced whole electrolyte solution with a potential base excess (BEpot) of 0 mmol/l were launched on the market for small animals.Im Jahr 2020 kam für Kleintiere ein neuer Wirkstoff auf den deutschen Tierarzneimittelmarkt: das ACTH-Analogon Tetracosactid zur Beurteilung der Nebennierenrindenfunktion bei Hunden. Zwei Wirkstoffe erhielten eine Tierartenerweiterung: Das dissoziative Anästhetikum Ketamin wurde auch für Hamster, Mäuse und Ratten zugelassen und das osmotische Laxans Lactulose auch für Hunde und Katzen. Auf den Markt kamen weiterhin 2 neue Wirkstoffkombination (Mometason + Terbinafin + Florfenicol, Sarolaner + Moxidectin + Pyrantel), ein Wirkstoff (Tetracain) in einer neuen Darreichungsform, ein Wirkstoff (Lidocain) in einer neuen Anwendungsart und eine kristalloide bilanzierte Vollelektrolytlösung mit einem potenziellen Basenexzess (BEpot) von 0 mmol/l für Kleintiere.
- Published
- 2021
33. [The frequency of performing vascular anastomoses determines the learning curve in a retrospective analysis of 212 participants of the Munich course of microsurgery]
- Author
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Konstantin, Frank, Christine Sophie, Hagen, Nicholas, Möllhoff, Paul Severin, Wiggenhauser, Riccardo E, Giunta, Denis, Ehrl, and Thilo Ludwig, Schenck
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Microsurgery ,Anastomosis, Surgical ,Animals ,Humans ,Surgery, Plastic ,Learning Curve ,Rats ,Retrospective Studies - Abstract
Microsurgical courses are a widely accepted and common method of acquiring microsurgical skills outside of the operation theatre. In-vivo models are often used to prepare surgeons for vascular microsurgery in patients. Although microsurgical courses are commonly offered and attended, the learning curve acquired in such courses remains elusive.The patency of end-to-end anastomoses performed by a total of 212 participants with different education levels and from different specialist fields were assessed in models of living rats. Participants attended the annually held microsurgical course at the Department for Hand, Plastic and Aesthetic Surgery, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, between 2013 and 2018.A highly significant correlation (rLooking at the steep learning curves of our participants and the high rate of patent anastomoses, we recommend the setting of microsurgical courses using in-vivo models to overcome potential failures in the beginning of vascular microsurgery careers.Mikrochirurgiekurse sind eine weit verbreitete und allgemein angewandte Methode, um mikrochirurgische Fähigkeiten außerhalb des Operationssaals zu erlernen. In–vivo-Modelle werden häufig dazu verwendet, Chirurgen für die vaskuläre Mikrochirurgie an Patienten vorzubereiten. Das Ziel dieser Studie war es, die Lernerfahrungen der Teilnehmer des Münchner Mikrochirurgiekurses zu untersuchen.Wir untersuchten von 212 Teilnehmern des Münchner Mikrochirurgiekurses die Erfolgsrate im Nähen von mikrochirurgischen vaskulären Anastomosen an der lebenden Ratte. Es wurde zudem eine Befragung bezüglich des Ausbildungsstandes, der medizinischen Spezialisierung, des Alters und der chirurgischen Erfahrung durchgeführt.Es zeigte sich eine hochsignifikante Korrelation zwischen der Anzahl der absolvierten Übungsdurchgänge und der tatsächlichen Anzahl der durchgängigen Anastomosen: rp = 0,658 mit p 0,001. Das Alter korrelierte nicht signifikant mit der Gesamtzahl der patenten Anastomosen. Eine Korrelationsanalyse ergab einen nicht signifikanten Korrelationskoeffizienten zwischen dem Alter und der Gesamtzahl der patenten Anastomosen (rp = 0,058 mit p = 0,402). Die chirurgische Erfahrung korrelierte nicht signifikant mit der Gesamtzahl der patenten Anastomosen: rp = 0,067 mit p = 0,328.In Anbetracht der steigenden Anzahl von Teilnehmern, die mit Zunahme der durchgeführten Durchgänge dazu in der Lage waren, eine patente Anastomose zu kreieren, kann die Verwendung von lebenden Modellen im Rahmen von Mikrochirurgiekursen als sinnvoll erachtet werden. Vorherige chirurgische Übungen und Erfahrungen in chirurgischen Feldern außerhalb der Mikrochirurgie scheinen das Erlernen mikrochirurgischer Fähigkeiten nicht zu erleichtern.
- Published
- 2021
34. Pflanzenbasierte Rattenleckerli – im Auto: Bernhard Vetter, az-Redakteur.
- Author
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Bernhard, Vetter
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CLASS actions ,MANUFACTURING industries ,ORGANIC wastes ,RATS ,AUTOMOBILES ,PESTS - Abstract
Copyright of Agrarzeitung is the property of dfv Mediengruppe and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
35. BVLK warnt vor Mäuseplage bei Giftverbot: Biozid-Zulassung droht auszulaufen – Kontrolleure befürchten Nager in LEH und Produktion.
- Author
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Gerrit-Milena, Falker
- Subjects
BLOOD coagulation ,SEPSIS ,POISONS ,GOVERNMENT agencies ,RATS - Abstract
Copyright of Lebensmittel Zeitung is the property of dfv Mediengruppe and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Targeted Delivery of Soluble Guanylate Cyclase (sGC) Activator Cinaciguat to Renal Mesangial Cells via Virus-Mimetic Nanoparticles Potentiates Anti-Fibrotic Effects by cGMP-Mediated Suppression of the TGF-β Pathway
- Author
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Göpferich, Achim, Fleischmann, Daniel, Harloff, Manuela, Figueroa, Sara Maslanka, and Schlossmann, Jens
- Subjects
mesangial cells ,ddc:540 ,Benzoates ,Models, Biological ,Article ,lcsh:Chemistry ,Drug Delivery Systems ,Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase ,Biomimetic Materials ,Transforming Growth Factor beta ,Enzyme Stability ,Animals ,Humans ,Diabetic Nephropathies ,Cyclic GMP ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Cells, Cultured ,nanoparticle drug delivery ,diabetic nephropathy ,Fibrosis ,sGC activators ,cGMP ,Rats ,Enzyme Activation ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,lcsh:QD1-999 ,540 Chemie ,Nanoparticles ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) ranks among the most detrimental long-term effects of diabetes, affecting more than 30% of all patients. Within the diseased kidney, intraglomerular mesangial cells play a key role in facilitating the pro-fibrotic turnover of extracellular matrix components and a progredient glomerular hyperproliferation. These pathological effects are in part caused by an impaired functionality of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) and a consequentially reduced synthesis of anti-fibrotic messenger 3′,5′-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). Bay 58-2667 (cinaciguat) is able to re-activate defective sGC, however, the drug suffers from poor bioavailability and its systemic administration is linked to adverse events such as severe hypotension, which can hamper the therapeutic effect. In this study, cinaciguat was therefore efficiently encapsulated into virus-mimetic nanoparticles (NPs) that are able to specifically target renal mesangial cells and therefore increase the intracellular drug accumulation. NP-assisted drug delivery thereby increased in vitro potency of cinaciguat-induced sGC stabilization and activation, as well as the related downstream signaling 4- to 5-fold. Additionally, administration of drug-loaded NPs provided a considerable suppression of the non-canonical transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling pathway and the resulting pro-fibrotic remodeling by 50–100%, making the system a promising tool for a more refined therapy of DN and other related kidney pathologies.
- Published
- 2021
37. [Immunosuppressive effect of mitomycin C-treated peripheral mononuclear blood cells (MICs) in vascularised composite allotransplantation]
- Author
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Jurij, Kiefer, Yannick, Diehm, Günter, Germann, Ulrich, Kneser, Peter, Terness, and Christian Andreas, Radu
- Subjects
Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation ,Rats, Inbred Lew ,Mitomycin ,Graft Survival ,Leukocytes, Mononuclear ,Animals ,Tacrolimus ,Rats - Abstract
Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation (VCA) enables the restoration of complex tissue defects. Since the first successful hand and face transplants were performed, clinical and experimental research has consistently improved immunosuppressive therapies. The incubation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with mitomycin C (MMC) results in immunomodulatory cells (MICs). In previous studies, the systemic application of MICs on the day of allogeneic hind limb transplantation led to a significant immunosuppression in rats. The aim of this study is to further investigate the optimal point in time of MIC application in a complex VCA model.In six groups, 60 allogeneic hind limb transplantations were performed. Fully mismatched rats were used as hind limb donors [Lewis (LEW)] and recipients [Brown-Norway (BN)]. Group A received donor-derived MICs seven days preoperatively. Group B received no immunosuppression; group C received untreated PBMCs seven days prior to transplantation. Animals in group D received cell culture media, whereas group E was treated with a standard immunosuppression consisting of tacrolimus and prednisolone. In group F, syngeneic hind limb transplantations (BN→BN) were performed. Transplant rejection was assessed clinically and histologically.Group A showed a significantly earlier onset of allograft rejection after 3.5 ± 0.2 days (p0.01) when compared with control groups B, C and D (5.5 ± 0.7, 5.3 ± 0.7 und 5.7 ± 0.5). Groups E and F showedno allograft rejection.This study shows that the time of application determines the immunomodulatory effects of MICs. Whereas the systemic application of MICs on the day of transplantation led to a significant immunosuppression in previous studies, this study demonstrates that preoperative injections of MICs lead to an acceleration of allotransplant rejection. Follow-up studies are necessary to investigate further modifications of application time as well as dose-effect relations and cell characteristics of these potential immunosuppressive cells.Vaskularisierte Composite Allotransplantationen (VCA) ermöglichen die Wiederherstellung komplexer Gewebedefekte. Die ersten erfolgreichen allogenen Hand- und Gesichtstransplantationen haben die Forschung zur Verbesserung der immunsuppressiven Therapien stetig vorangetrieben. Die Inkubation mononukleärer Zellen des peripheren Blutes (PBMCs) mit Mitomycin C (MMC) generiert immunmodulatorisch wirksame Zellen (MICs). In vorherigen Studien konnten wir eine signifikante immunsuppressive Wirkung durch die Applikation von Donor-MICs am Tag der Transplantation zeigen. Ziel dieser Studie ist es, den optimalen Zeitpunkt der Behandlung mit MICs in der VCA zu eruieren.60 allogene Hinterlauftransplantationen wurden in 6 experimentellen Gruppen durchgeführt. Lewis-Ratten (LEW) dienten als Spender-, Brown-Norway-Ratten (BN) als Empfängertiere. Tieren der Gruppe A wurden einmalig Spender-MICs 7 Tage präoperativ systemisch verabreicht. Gruppe B-F dienten als Kontrollgruppen. Tiere der Gruppe B erhielten keine immunsuppressive Therapie. In Gruppe C wurden unbehandelte Spender-PBMCs 7 Tage präoperativ verabreicht. Tiere der Gruppe D erhielten nur das Zellkulturmedium. Tieren der Gruppe E wurde eine Standardimmunsuppression mit Tacrolimus und Prednisolon verabreicht. In Gruppe F wurden syngene Hinterlauftransplantationen (BN→BN) durchgeführt. Der Abstoßungszeitpunkt wurde sowohl anhand klinischer Beobachtungen als auch aufgrund histologischer Parameter bestimmt.In Versuchsgruppe A zeigte sich im Vergleich zu den Kontrollgruppen B, C und D (5,5 ± 0,7, 5,3 ± 0,7 und 5,7 ± 0,5) eine signifikant früher eintretende Abstoßungsreaktion der Hinterläufe nach 3,5 ± 0,2 Tagen (p0,01). In den Kontrollgruppen E und F zeigte sich keine Abstoßungsreaktion.Die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Studie zeigen, dass die immunmodulatorische Wirkung von MICs unmittelbar vom Applikationszeitpunkt abhängt. Nachdem in vorherigen Experimenten die Applikation von MICs am Transplantationstag eine signifikante immunsuppressive Wirkung aufwies, konnte im Rahmen dieser Studie gezeigt werden, dass die präoperative Gabe von MICs zu einer beschleunigten Abstoßung führt und damit das Überleben des Transplantates signifikant verkürzt wird. Folgestudien sind notwendig, um sowohl die Modifikation des Applikationszeitpunktes als auch die Dosis-Effekt-Beziehungen und Zellcharakteristika dieser potentiell immunsuppressiven Zellen weiter zu untersuchen.
- Published
- 2021
38. Der Einfluss der Tryptophan-Hydroxylase 2 auf den Knochenstoffwechsel des Femurs am Rattenmodell
- Author
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Sogl, Yannick Julian and Justus Liebig University Giessen
- Subjects
DXA ,Serotonin ,Histomorphometry ,ddc:610 ,Histologie ,5-HT ,brain-derived serotonin ,Tryptophan-Hydroxylase ,Tryptophan-Hydroxylase 2 ,osteoporosis ,rats ,Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry ,Ratte ,bone histology ,Histomorphometrie ,Knochen ,BMD ,Knochenstoffwechsel ,Tph2 ,bone metabolism ,ddc:570 ,Osteoporose ,bone mineral density - Abstract
Osteoporose tritt vor allem im höheren Alter auf. Veränderungen im Knochenstoffwechsel sind hauptsächlich im Rahmen von System- und Hormonerkrankungen untersucht worden. Das in der Blutbahn zirkulierende 5-HT wird durch die Tph1 synthetisiert und soll die Osteoblasten-Proliferation hemmen. Hingegen wird das im ZNS als Neurotransmitter wirkende 5-HT durch das Schrittmacherenzym Tph2 gebildet. Sein Einfluss auf den Knochenstoffwechsel ist nur wenig untersucht. 5-HT kann die BHS nicht übertreten, wodurch sich zwei verschiedene Wirkungskompartimente ergeben: peripheres 5-HT (gebildet durch die Tph1) vs. neuronales 5-HT (gebildet durch Tph2). Letzteres scheint an der Homöostase von Körper und Geist beteiligt zu sein. Veränderungen im neuronalen 5-HT-Haushalt werden mit der Pathogenese von psychiatrischen Erkrankungen in Verbindung gebracht. Studien zeigen, dass Depressive und Patienten mit einer Autismus-Spektrum-Störung zu reduzierter Knochendichte tendieren. Gleichzeitig sind verminderte Knochenqualität und erhöhte Frakturneigung als Nebenwirkung von SSRI-Therapien bekannt. Der Einfluss des neuronalen 5-HT-Systems auf den Knochenstoffwechsel ist jedoch weitgehend unerforscht. Ferner widersprechen sich bis dato publizierte Ergebnisse mitunter deutlich. Im Fokus der vorliegenden Pilotstudie steht deshalb die Untersuchung eines potenziellen Einflusses der Tph2 auf den Knochenstoffwechsel. Hierfür wurde ein Agouti-Rattenmodell (WT vs. KO) am linken Femur radiologisch mittels DXA und histomorphometrisch mithilfe von mehreren Färbungen untersucht. KO zeigte verglichen mit WT radiologisch signifikant erhöhte BMD als auch histologisch signifikant erhöhte mineralisierte Knochenmatrix. Explorativ deutete diese Studie auf einen möglichen Einfluss der Tph2 auf die Knochenzellen hin, u. a. mit vermehrten Osteozyten und erniedrigten Osteoklasten bei KO im Vergleich zu WT. In dieser Studie konnte erstmals ein Zusammenhang zwischen der neuronalen Tph2 und dem Knochenstoffwechsel am Rattenmodell gezeigt werden. Unterschiede im Trabekeldurchmesser ließen sich erst unter Rücksichtnahme des Rattenalters erkennen. Im Kontext bisheriger Literatur betont diese Studie deshalb vor allem die Relevanz des Zuchtalters und der Geschlechtsreife, die bei Aussagen bezüglich eines Tph2-Einflusses auf den Knochenstoffwechsel berücksichtigt werden müssen. Weiterhin werden in der vorliegenden Dissertation unterschiedliche Mechanismen und Regelkreise zwischen der neuronalen Tph2 und dem peripheren Knochenstoffwechsel diskutiert.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Einfluss der kombinierten mechanischen und biologischen Stimulation auf die Defektheilung – eine mikrocomputertomographische und biomechanische Untersuchung im Pseudarthrosemodell der Ratte
- Author
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Hassanein, Kerstin
- Subjects
Tiermodelle ,rats ,osteotomy (MeSH) ,600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche ,Ratten ,Frakturen ,fractures ,Osteotomie (MeSH) ,animal models - Abstract
Dass die mechanische Umgebung (Stabilisationssteifigkeit) entscheiden für den Heilungserfolg einer Fraktur ist, wurde mehrfach demonstiert (Histings et al., 2010; Bartnikowski et al., 2017; Claes, 2017; Glatt et al., 2017). Unter welchen biomechanischen Bedingungen eine möglichst schnelle und effiziente Frakturheilung erreichbar wäre, ist seit geraumer Zeit Gegenstand intensiver Forschung (Claes, 2017). In diversen Studien ist zudem der postitive Effekt von BMP-2 auf die Knochenheilung belegt worden (Nauth et al., 2011; Wildemann et al., 2011). Weitgreifendere Erkenntnisse über die Wirkung der Dosierung des Wachstumsfaktors und inwieweit seine Interaktion mit mechanischer Belastung die Effizienz der Knochenregeneration beeinflusst, eröffnen mögliche Zukunftsstrategien in Fällen wo knöcherne Überbrückung bisher unerreichbar war (Schmidt-Bleek & Willie et al., 2016). Aufgrund dessen untersuchte die vorliegende Arbeit den Einfluss kombinierter biologischer und mechanischer Stimulation auf die Defektheilung im Pseudarthrosemodell der Ratte. Es sollte untersucht werden, welchen Effekt die variierenden Steifigkeiten eines externen Fixateurs auf die BMP-2-stimulierte Knochendefektheilung ausübte. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, auf Grundlage von mikrocomputertomographischen Untersuchungen und biomechanischer in vitro Testung, den Heilungsverlauf eines kritischen Defekts unter semi-rigider Fixation gegenüber rigider und flexibler Steifigkeit aufzuzeigen. 32 weibliche Sprague-Dawley Ratten in einem Alter von 12 Wochen wurden randomisiert in vier Gruppen von je acht Tieren eingeteilt. Die experimentellen Versuchsgruppen erhielten einen standardisierten kritischen 5 mm Defekt (CSD), eine intraoperative Einbringung von 5μg rhBMP-2 mittels absorbierbaren Kollagenschwamms und wurden mittels variierenden Verbindungsbalken des externen Fixateurs (flexibel, semi-rigide, rigide) stabilisiert, während die Kontrollgruppe eine 1mm Osteotomie ohne rhBMP-2-Applikation erhielt und als positive Kontrolle bezüglich einer physiologischen Knochenheilung diente. Alle Versuchstiere durchliefen am 10., 21. und 42. postoperativen Tag eine in vivo-Mikrocomputertomographuntersuchung. An Tag 42 wurden die Tiere euthanasiert und der linke osteotomierte Femur (inklusive des Fixateurs externe) entnommen. Randomisiert wurden sieben Tieren zusätzlich der intakte rechte Femur entnommen. Sämtliche Proben wurden biomechanisch hinsichtlich Steifigkeit und maximalen Drehmoments getestet. Die Initialheilung der Steifigkeitsgruppen stellte sich im deskriptiven Mikro-CT mit einer vergleichbaren Gewebezusammensetzung dar. Im Defektspalt war moderat periostale Knochenneubildung erkennbar, die in keiner Defektüberbrückung resultierte. Dennoch ließ die semi-rigide Gruppe tendenziell den höchsten Grad an Mineralisation erkennen, welches mit den größten nicht signifikanten TV-, BV- und TMC-Werten im Vergleich zu den anderen Versuchsgruppen korrelierte, während die flexible Gruppe den kleinsten TV-Wert zeigte. An Tag 21 stellten sich alle Versuchsgruppen knöchern überbrückt dar. Als Ausdruck der beginnenden Reifung ließen sich im Mikro-CT Resorptionsvorgänge darstellen. Die flexible Gruppe zeigte eine verzögert einsetzende Heilung gegenüber den beiden steiferen Gruppen sowie einen mit verkalktem und mineralisierten Kallusgewebe ausgefüllten Defektspalt. An Tag 42 zeigte die flexible Gruppe signifikant größere Werte für TV, BV, BV/TV und TMC, während die semi-rigide Gruppe diesbezüglich die kleinsten Werte aufwies. Dies machte sich durch einen mit mineralisiertem Knochengewebe gefüllten Defekt in der flexiblen Gruppe deutlich, während die beiden steiferen Gruppen bereits Resorptionsvorgänge mit Wiederherstellung der Markhöhle erkennen ließen. Bezüglich TMD zeigte die semi-rigide Gruppe den größten Wert und die flexible Gruppe den kleinsten Wert, jedoch ohne Signifikanz. Die rigide Gruppe zeigte wie die semi-rigide Gruppe eine Abnahme des Gesamtkallusvolumens (TV) sowie geringere BV- und TMC-Werte als die flexible Gruppe, jedoch auch einen kleineren TMD-Wert als die semi-rigide Gruppe, weshalb hier ein verzögerter Reifungsprozess vermutet wurde. Mittels biomechanischer in vitro Testung zeigte die semi-rigide Gruppe annähernd gleichwertige Ergebnisse bezüglich der Steifigkeit und des maximalen Drehmoments wie die rigide und flexible Gruppe. Die Arbeit hat gezeigt, dass die BMP-2- stimulierte Defektheilung mechano-senitiv ist. Zwar zeigten sich in den biomechanischen und mikrocomputertomographischen Ergebnissen kaum statistisch signifikante Unterschiede, jedoch konnte deskriptiv eine beschleunigte Heilung der semi-rigiden und rigiden Versuchsgruppe gegenüber der flexiblen Fixation demonstriert werden, die in einer verzögerten Knochenheilung resultierte, während die steiferen Gruppen eine Re-Kanalisation der Markhöhle zeigten. Dies führte zu der Erkenntnis, dass die Modulation der mechanischen Umgebung des kritischen Defekts, trotz BMP-2-Anwesenheit, einen Einfluss auf den Heilungsverlauf ausübt., Generally it is known that the mechanical environment (stiffness of stabilization measures) is significant for the healing success of a fracture (Histings et al., 2010; Bartnikowski et al., 2017; Claes, 2017; Glatt et al., 2017). Under which biomechanical conditions a fast and efficient fracture healing would be achievable has been the subject of intensive research for some time (Claes, 2017). Additionally, several studies have shown the positive effect of BMP-2 for bone healing (Nauth et al., 2011; Wildemann et al., 2011). Extended knowledge of the impact of the dosing of growth factors and how much their interaction with mechanical stress can influence the efficiency of bone regeneration show possible future strategies for cases in which a bony bridging of the fracture gap has not yet been achieved. (Schmidt-Bleek & Willie et al., 2016). The aim of this work was to analyze the effects of varying fixation stiffness in combination with BMP-2 treatment in a critical sized defect (CSD) in a rat. 32 female Sprague Dawley rats, 12 weeks old, were randomized in four groups each of eight animals. Three experimental groups received a standardised critical 5 mm defect, 5μg rhBMP-2 was loaded on a absorbable collagen sponge and placed into the defect and stabilized with a flexible, semi-ride or rigide connecting element of the external fixator. The control group (1 mm osteotomy) mimicked an uncritical healing and was stabilized with the rigid fixator. All groups were analysed by in vivo micro-CT, perforrmed at day 10, 21 and 42 post-operation. At day 42 the rats were sacrificed and the osteomised left femora (including external fixator) were harvested. Additionally, the right intact femur of seven animals was harvested randomizedly. In the following, all samples were analysed by biomechanical in vitro testing for torsional stiffness and maximal torque value. The initial healing process of the stiffness groups was found with comparable tissue structure in the descriptive micro-CT. At day 10, in all stiffness groups moderate bone formation was detected along the periosteal defect site that was not sufficient for defect bridging. However, among the other stiffness groups, upon semi-rigid fixation, a tendency towards a higher level of mineralization was still found, which correlates with the largest statistically not significant TV-, BV- und TMC-values. Whereas the flexible group showed the lowest TV-value. On day 21 defects were bridged with bone tissue in all stiffness groups. As a result of the beginning maturing process, the micro-CT showed reabsorption processes. Delayed healing was found upon flexible fixation towards the other stiffness groups. Also a defect site with calcified and mineralized callus was found. On day 42, the flexible group showed significantly higher values for TV, BV, BV/TV and TMC, whereas the semi-rigid group showed the smallest of these values. This was seen by a defect site filled with mineralised callus upon flexible fixation, whereas the other stiffness groups had already shown reabsorption processes with rebuilding of the medullary cavitiy. Regarding TMD, the semi-rigid group showed the highest value, while flexible group showed the lowest value, but without any significance. The rigid group and the semi-rigid group showed a reduction of the total volume (TV) and also lower BV- and TMC-values as the flexible group - but also a lower TMD-value as the semi-rigid group. This leads to the presumption of a delayed maturing process. By using biomechanical in vitro tests, the semi-rigid group showed nearly equivalent results respective the torsional stiffness and the maximal torque at failure between the rigid and the flexible group. This study has shown that the BMP-2-stimulated defect healing is mechano-sensitive. Although marginal statistically significant differences in biomechanical and micro-CT results have been found, an accelerated healing process has been demonstraded upon semi-rigide and rigide group contrary to the flexible fixation – indicating a delayed boost of bone formation, whereas other stiffness groups had already shown reabsorption processes with rebuilding of the medullary cavitiy. This leads to the insight that the modulation of the mechanical environment of the critical defect has an impact on the healing process, despite the same BMP-2-treatment.
- Published
- 2021
40. Lindernde Wirkung des CGRP-Antagonismus auf Entzündungsschmerz.
- Author
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Hirsch, S. and Birklein, F.
- Abstract
Copyright of Der Schmerz is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Evaluation von Parametern der Hirnstimulation.
- Author
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Somerlik-Fuchs, K.H., Stieglitz, T., and Schulze-Bonhage, A.
- Abstract
Copyright of Zeitschrift für Epileptologie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. [Urolithiasis in a pet rat (Rattus norvegicus)]
- Author
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Anja, Ewringmann and Christin, Meinhardt
- Subjects
Male ,Analgesics ,Urinary Bladder Calculi ,Urolithiasis ,Cystitis ,Animals ,Cystotomy ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Rats - Abstract
Uroliths are uncommon findings in rats. This report describes a case of a neutered male rat with dysuria due to an infectious cystitis as well as an urolith of the urinary bladder consisting of struvite and whewellit. Following cystotomy as well as treatment with antibiotics and analgetics the rat recovered rapidly.Konkremente der Harnwege sind bei Ratten selten zu finden. Dieser Bericht beschreibt den Fall einer männlich-kastrierten Ratte mit Harnabsatzstörungen, die auf eine bakterielle Zystitis sowie auf einen Blasenstein, bestehend aus Struvit und Whewellit, zurückzuführen waren. Nach Zystotomie und antibiotischer sowie analgetischer Behandlung erholte sich das Tier schnell und war beschwerdefrei.
- Published
- 2020
43. [Occurrence and importance of colostral leukocytes]
- Author
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Lukas, Demattio and Axel, Wehrend
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Animals, Newborn ,Swine ,Colostrum ,Infant, Newborn ,Leukocytes ,Animals ,Humans ,Cattle ,Female ,Rats - Abstract
Leukocytes have been identified as a physiological component of colostrum in numerous animal species. In each of the examined species, they have been shown to occur in a typical amount exhibiting slight differences in the composition of leukocyte subpopulations. According to previous opinions, colostral leukocytes merely accidentally transfer from blood to milk or represent a sign of mastitis. In contrast to this, it is now considered to be current knowledge that special mechanisms exist enabling these leukocytes to actively transfer into colostrum. The presented review provides an overview of the recent literature and demonstrates the significance of colostral leucocytes. In analogy to the passage of maternal immunoglobulins, colostral leukocytes migration also leads to a transition of immunity. The cells are enterally absorbed and distributed throughout the neonatal organism. Colostral leukocytes are found to accumulate in certain tissues and organs without losing their immunologic function. Merely the leucocytes of the own mother are absorbed and these cells complement the newborns' immune system. As several studies have demonstrated, this is not solely due to the cells' mere immunological function but also a consequence of a regulatory effect on the neonatal immune system. Especially T-helper and further regulatory cell types transferred via colostrum may help the newborn in optimizing and maturing their immunological situation. Colostral treatment methods such as mixing, freezing, heating and acidifying modifications warrant re-evaluation taking the above aspects under consideration.Leukozyten konnten bereits bei vielen Tierarten als physiologischer Bestandteil des Kolostrums identifiziert werden und kommen in speziesspezifischer Menge und unterschiedlichen Anteilen der verschiedenen Leukozyten-Subpopulationen vor. Während früher vermutet wurde, dass Leukozyten nur akzidentell aus dem Blut ins Kolostrum gelangen oder Anzeichen einer Mastitis sind, weiß man heute, dass sie über verschiedene Mechanismen aktiv in die Milch einwandern. Die Arbeit gibt anhand einer Literaturübersicht einen Überblick über die Bedeutung kolostraler Leukozyten. Analog zum Übergang maternaler Immunglobuline geht auch mit maternalen Leukozyten mütterliche Immunität auf den Neonaten über. Die über das Kolostrum aufgenommenen Leukozyten werden enteral resorbiert, verteilen sich im Organismus des Neugeborenen und reichern sich in verschiedenen Organen an, ohne dabei ihre immunologischen Eigenschaften zu verlieren. Dabei werden nur Leukozyten des eigenen Muttertieres aufgenommen. Die übertragenen Zellen des maternalen Immunsystems ergänzen das Immunsystem des Neugeborenen. Verschiedene Studien konnten zeigen, dass sie nicht nur selbst eine immunologische Wirkung entfalten, sondern auch regulierend auf das Immunsystem des Neonaten wirken. Insbesondere der Übergang von T-Helferzellen und anderen regulativen Zelltypen des maternalen Immunsystems ermöglicht eine Reifung und Prägung des Immunsystems des Neonaten. Verfahren zur Behandlung von Kolostrum wie Mischen, Einfrieren, Erhitzen und Ansäuern sollten unter diesen Gesichtspunkten neu bewertet werden.
- Published
- 2020
44. In-vivo Quantifikation der Gentamicinfreisetzung aus einer Implantatbeschichtung im Rattenmodell
- Author
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Nast, Sophie
- Subjects
rats ,600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::630 Landwirtschaft::630 Landwirtschaft und verwandte Bereiche ,Infektionen ,Gentamycin ,Immunhistochemie ,fractures ,animal models ,tibia ,Implantation - Abstract
Die intramedulläre Osteosynthese der Tibia mit einem Marknagel ist eine häufig angewandte Methode zur Frakturstabilisierung bei unfallchirurgischen Operationen. Jedes Material, welches in den Körper implantiert wird, stellt jedoch ein erhöhtes Risiko für eine bakterielle Oberflächenbesiedlung dar (Gristina et al., 1988). Dies begünstigt die Entstehung von tiefen Wundinfektionen (Jansen & Peters, 1993). Implantatassoziierte Infektionen gehören noch immer zu den schwerwiegendsten Komplikationen bei der Frakturversorgung. Mithilfe einer biodegradierbaren Implantatbeschichtung lassen sich Wirkstoffe zur kontrollierten Freigabe in einen polymeren Trägerstoff einarbeiten (Lucke et al., 2003). Das Implantat kann dadurch als sogenanntes „Drug-Delivery-System“ fungieren (Fuchs et al., 2011). Mit Hilfe eines solchen Systems kann eine lokale antibiotische Wirkung im Frakturgebiet erzielt werden, wodurch das Risiko einer bakteriellen Kolonisation reduziert wird (Lucke et al., 2003). Darüber hinaus lassen sich mögliche unerwünschte Arzneimittelwirkungen einer systemischen antibiotischen Applikation durch eine lokale antibiotische Therapie einschränken. Die vorliegende Arbeit umfasst eine detaillierte in-vitro und in-vivo Analyse der Wirkstofffreisetzung bzw. –anreicherung des in die Polymerbeschichtung Poly(D,L-Laktid) eines Titankirschnerdrahtes eingearbeiteten antibiotischen Wirkstoffs Gentamicin. Für die in-vivo Studie wurden gentamicinbeschichtete Titankirschnerdrähte in den Tibiamarkraum von Ratten implantiert und nach verschiedenen Zeitpunkten, über eine Dauer von 42 Tagen, entnommen. Zur Darstellung der in-vivo Freisetzungskinetik erfolgte eine Quantifizierung der Gentamicinkonzentration auf dem Implantat, im Knochen, im Endost, in der Niere sowie im Serum der Ratten. Weiterhin erfolgten röntgenologische, histologische und immunhistologische Analysen, die es ermöglichten Kenntnis über die Verteilung und Anreicherung von Gentamicin in den oben genannten Geweben zu erlangen. Die Freisetzungskinetik des lokal verabreichten antibiotischen Wirkstoffs Gentamicin zeigte in-vitro und in-vivo einen ähnlichen Verlauf. Sowohl in-vitro als auch in-vivo erfolgte ein initialer Anstieg der Gentamicinfreisetzung. Zum Untersuchungszeitpunkt „eine Stunde“ nach Implantation der Titankirschnerdrähte konnten die höchsten Gentamicinkonzentrationen in allen analysierten Geweben und auf den Titankirschnerdrähten ermittelt werden. Über den gesamten Untersuchungszeitraum von einer Stunde bis 42 Tage konnte der Wirkstoff Gentamicin im Endost nachgewiesen werden, wobei bis zum Zeitpunkt „vier Stunden“ nach Implantation der Titankirschnerdrähte eine antimikrobiell wirksame Gentamicinkonzentration erreicht wurde. Die radiologische Untersuchung der Tibia zeigte keine Anzeichen einer destruktiven Veränderung des Knochens durch das Implantat und dessen Beschichtung. Dies weist auf eine gute Biointegrität von Implantat und Beschichtung hin. Die immunhistochemische Färbung mit der Avidin- Biotin- Complex- Methode zeigte eine Akkumulation des Gentamicins im Bereich der Nierenrinde, was vermutlich auf die renale Elimination des Wirkstoffes zurückzuführen ist. Das zum Ausschluss einer Toxizität des aus der Polymerbeschichtung freigesetzten Gentamicins histologisch untersuchte Nierengewebe, zeigte keine Anzeichen entzündlicher oder nekrotischer Prozesse. Da die renale Exkretionsrate im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit nicht ermittelt wurde, erfolgte keine Berechnung der absoluten in-vivo freigesetzten Gentamicinkonzentration. Die Kombination der verschiedenen Methoden zur Quantifizierung und Darstellung von Gentamicin in den Geweben, wie sie in dieser Arbeit verwendet wurden, erlauben es, Informationen über die Akkumulation und die Aktivität des lokal freigesetzten Antibiotikums über den gesamten Untersuchungszeitraum zu sammeln. Aufgrund der beschriebenen Gefahr der Ausbildung einer bakteriellen Infektion infolge einer Tibiafraktur, als auch nach Frakturstabilisierung, ist eine schnellstmögliche lokale antibiotische Aktivität notwendig. Die Untersuchungsergebnisse dieser Arbeit zeigen, dass durch den Einsatz von Poly(D,L- Laktid) beschichteten Titankirschnerdrähten, mit dem inkorporierten Wirkstoff Gentamicin, in den ersten vier Stunden postoperativ antimikrobiell wirksame Gentamicinkonzentrationen im Operationsgebiet erreicht werden können. Ferner wurden radiologisch sowie histologisch keine Anzeichen unerwünschter Arzneimittelwirkungen des Gentamicins in den untersuchten Geweben nachgewiesen. Mit Poly(D,L- Laktid) und Gentamicin beschichtete Osteosynthesematerialien scheinen somit für eine perioperative Antibiotikaprophylaxe, gegebenenfalls ergänzend zu einer systemischen Antibiotikatherapie, geeignet zu sein., The intramedullary osteosynthesis of the tibia with a mark nail is a frequently used method for the stabilization of fractures in accident surgery. However, any material implanted in the body presents an increased risk of bacterial surface colonization (Gristina et al., 1988). This promotes the development of deep wound infections (Jansen & Peters, 1993). Implantassociated infections are still one of the most serious complications in fracture care. Using a biodegradable implant coating, active substances can be incorporated into a polymer carrier material for controlled release (Wildemann et al., 2004). The implant can thus function as a so called "drug delivery system" (Fuchs et al., 2011). By means of these systems, a local antimicrobial effect in the fracture area can be achieved, thus reducing the risk of bacterial colonization (Lucke et al., 2003). In addition, adverse drug effects of a systemic drug administration can be limited by using a local antibiotic therapy. The present work comprises detailed in-vitro and in-vivo analysis of the drug release and enrichment of the antibiotic agent gentamicin incorporated into the polymer coating poly(D, L- lactide). In the in-vivo study, gentamicin coated titanium wires were implanted in the tibiae of rats and removed at various time points for a period up to 42 days post implantation. For investigation of the in-vivo release kinetics, the gentamicin concentration was quantified on the explanted wires, in the bone, in the endosteum, in the kidney and in the serum of the rats. Furthermore, radiographic, histological and immunohistological analyses were performed, enabling to gain further information about the distribution and accumulation of gentamicin in the above mentioned tissues. The release kinetics of the locally administered antimicrobial agent gentamicin in the in-vitro and in-vivo studies were comparable. In-vitro as well as in-vivo, an initial increase in the release of gentamicin could be observed. The highest gentamicin concentrations could be measured at the time point "one hour" after implantation of the titanium wires in all analysed tissues and on the titanium wires. During the entire period from one hour to 42 days post implantation, the agent gentamicin could be detected in the endosteum. At the time point "four hours" after implantation of the titanium wires, an antimicrobial effective gentamicin concentration could be detected. No signs of destructive alterations in the bone tissue due to the implant or its coating could be observed by means of radiological investigation of the tibia, indicating a good bio-integrity of implant and polymer coating. Immunohistochemical staining using the avidin- biotin complex method revealed an accumulation of gentamicin in the area of the renal cortex, presumably due to the renal elimination of the drug. The histological investigation of the kidney tissue, performed to exclude a toxic effect of the released gentamicin, did not show any signs of inflammatory or necrotic processes. Since the renal excretion rate has not been determined in the present work, the absolute amount of the invivo released gentamicin could not be calculated. The combination of the different methods for the quantification and visualization of gentamicin in the tissues used in this work, allows to gain information about the accumulation and the activity of the locally released antimicrobial agent during the entire study period. Due to the risk of bacterial infection in open tibia fractures and following fracture stabilization, a local antibiotic activity as soon as possible is necessary. The results of this study show that the use of poly(D, L-lactide) coated titanium wires with the incorporated agent gentamicin enables the establishment of antimicrobial effective gentamicin concentrations at the operation site within the first four hours after implantation. Furthermore, no signs of adverse effects of the gentamicin in the examined tissues could be observed by means of the applied radiological and histological methods. Poly (D,L- actide) and gentamicin coated osteosynthesis materials may thus be suitable for perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis, if necessary in addition to a systemic antibiotic therapy.
- Published
- 2020
45. Carbon tetrachloride-induced liver disease in rats: the potential effect of supplement oils with vitamins E and C on the nutritional status
- Author
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Abdel-Moemin, Aly R., El-Megeid, Ashraf A. A., and Ismail, Rasha S. A.
- Subjects
chronic liver disease ,rats ,vitamin E ,vitamin C ,lipid profile ,liver functions ,Medicine - Abstract
The aim of the present investigation was to study the effects of olive oil (OO), corn oil (CO), and flaxseed oil (FO), with or without supplementation of vitamins E and C, on food intake, body weight gain %, liver weight to body weight %, total lipids, liver functions, and liver histology in male rats intoxicated with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Forty-two rats were divided into two main groups. The first main group was fed on basal diet (BD) as a negative control group (NC). The second main group received subcutaneous injections of CCl4 in paraffin oil (50% v/v 2ml/kg) twice a week to induce chronic damage in the liver. The group was then divided into six subgroups, three of which were fed on 4% unsupplemented oils (CO, FO, and OO) as positive control for the three oils used. The rest of the groups were fed on 4% of the same oils supplemented with vitamins E and C. The results of the flaxseed oil rat group indicate that supplementing vitamin E and C led to a significant reduction in the mean values of total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and liver alanine amino transferase enzyme (ALT). Moreover, it caused an increase of the mean value of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) as compared to the negative control group (NC). The olive oil group supplemented with the same vitamins showed a significant decrease in the mean value of serum TC and significant (P
- Published
- 2009
46. Reden wir mal über Ratten.
- Author
-
Esenwein, Lynn
- Subjects
SHEEP industry ,BAKERIES ,PESTS ,BAKERS ,RATS - Abstract
Copyright of Allgemeine BäckerZeitung is the property of dfv Mediengruppe and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
47. Toxische Wirkung von Methyltertiärbutylether (MTBE) auf das männliche Reproduktionssystem unter Kältebedingungen.
- Author
-
Zavgorodnij, Igor, Kapustnik, Walerij, Batschinskij, Ruslan, Thielmann, Beatrice, and Böckelmann, Irina
- Subjects
ANIMAL experimentation ,CARCINOGENS ,COLD (Temperature) ,ETHERS ,HUMAN reproduction ,POLLUTANTS ,RATS ,SPERMATOZOA ,SPERM motility ,TEMPERATURE ,RESEARCH methodology evaluation ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Frühzeitige Veränderungen der Proteinexpression im Gehirn der Ratte bei Sepsis.
- Author
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Hinkelbein, J., Kalenka, A., and Feldmann Jr., R. E.
- Subjects
- *
RATS , *MURIDAE , *BRAIN , *CENTRAL nervous system , *PROTEINS - Abstract
Sepsis still has a high mortality in critically-ill patients. Here, analysis of early alterations in cerebral proteome may lead to a better understanding of the molecular basis of cerebral dysfunction. The aim of the present study was therefore to analyze cerebral protein dynamics during emerging sepsis in an established rat model. To induce sepsis, an established coecal ligature and double puncture (coecal ligature and puncture, CLP) model was used on Wistar rats. After 12 hours, surviving rats (sepsis: n=6 and sham: n=6) were decapitated and their brains prepared for gel electrophoresis (2DE) and subsequent mass spectrometry. Biological function of differentially regulated proteins (t-test, p<0.01) was then analyzed using bioinformatic network analysis (ingenuity pathways analysis, IPA). Mortality was 40 % in the sepsis-group and no rat of the sham-group died. Altogether, nine significantly regulated proteins were identified (4 up-regulated, 5 down-regulated). IPA then detected eight network proteins and interpreted them in the context of established protein alterations for sepsis. The combination of proteomics and IPA could identify proteins in rat brain, whose expression was significantly regulated during sepsis. The methodological approach applied in the present study may facilitate the quest for novel sepsis-induced protein alterations in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Erfahrungsbericht zur Haltung von Nacktmullen (Heterocephalus glaber) im Zoo Dresden.
- Author
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Ludwig, Wolfgang and Collmar, Manuela
- Subjects
RATS ,BREEDING - Abstract
Abstract: Dresden Zoo has been keeping Naked mole-rats since 1995. But breeding was successful not until 2003. This report describes two different facilities of keeping and managing Naked mole-rats. Mole-rats react extremely sensitive to vibration and they have exceptional climate requirements. Despite their enormous sensitivity to disturbances our experiences indicate that an attractive presentation is possible. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Die Rolle des Androgenrezeptors im hormonrefraktären Prostatakarzinom : Molekulare Grundlagen und experimentelle Therapieansätze.
- Author
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Rinnab, L, Hessenauer, A, Schütz, S V, Schmid, E, Küfer, R, Finter, F, Hautmann, R E, Spindler, K D, and Cronauer, M V
- Subjects
ANTIANDROGENS ,PROSTATE tumors treatment ,ANIMAL experimentation ,CELL lines ,CELL receptors ,CELLULAR signal transduction ,GENES ,GENETIC polymorphisms ,PROGNOSIS ,PROSTATE tumors ,RATS ,HORMONE-dependent tumors ,SEQUENCE analysis ,TUMOR treatment ,THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
The development of hormone-refractory prostate cancer cells is one of the major causes for the progression and high mortality rates in advanced prostate cancer (PCA). While the loss of the androgen receptor (AR) is the predominant mechanism for development of a hormone-insensitive disease in vitro, the first in vivo studies showed that the AR is still expressed or is even overexpressed in hormone-refractory PCA. In view of the increasing cases of PCA in the industrialized Western countries, a series of cell and molecular biological studies has led to the identification of various new factors and mechanisms that play a role during the development of hormone-refractory tumors. These findings should lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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