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Die Adaption des chinesischen zaju-Stückes Der Kreidekreis erreicht im 20. Jahrhundert in Deutschland ihren Höhepunkt. Allerdings wird der Übersetzungsprozess als entscheidende Voraussetzung für die weltweite Zirkulation dieses Stückes in früheren Untersuchungen wenig berücksichtigt. In diesem Zusammenhang liegt das Ziel des vorliegenden Beitrags darin, den Übersetzungsprozess des Kreidekreis-Stückes in Deutschland mithilfe des Begriffs des ‚dritten Raums‘ von Homi Bhabha zu rekonstruieren, damit die unterschiedlichen Übersetzungsstrategien der Übersetzer und die Interpretationsmöglichkeiten der kulturspezifischen Elemente im chinesischen Original dargestellt werden können. Außerdem ist zu betrachten, wie der Sinologe Alfred Forke auf der Grundlage vorangegangener Übersetzungsversionen das Kreidekreis-Stück inhaltlich wortgetreu wie auch strukturell metrisch ins Deutsche überträgt, wobei die kulturellen Differenzen des chinesischen Originals weitgehend beibehalten werden.

Abstract Background Currently, meat cut traits are integrated in pig breeding objectives to gain extra profit. However, little is known about the heritability of meat cut proportions (MCP) and their correlations with other traits. The aims of this study were to assess the heritability and genetic correlation of MCP with carcass and meat quality traits using single nucleotide polymorphism chips and conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify candidate genes for MCP. Results Seventeen MCP, 12 carcass, and seven meat quality traits were measured in 2012 pigs from four populations (Landrace; Yorkshire; Landrace and Yorkshire hybrid pigs; Duroc, and Landrace and Yorkshire hybrid pigs). Estimates of the heritability for MCP ranged from 0.10 to 0.55, with most estimates being moderate to high and highly consistent across populations. In the combined population, the heritability estimates for the proportions of scapula bone, loin, back fat, leg bones, and boneless picnic shoulder were 0.44 ± 0.04, 0.36 ± 0.04, 0.44 ± 0.04, 0.38 ± 0.04, and 0.39 ± 0.04, respectively. Proportion of middle cuts was genetically significantly positively correlated with intramuscular fat content and backfat depth. Proportion of ribs was genetically positively correlated with carcass oblique length and straight length (0.35 ± 0.08 to 0.45 ± 0.07) and negatively correlated with backfat depth (− 0.26 ± 0.10 to − 0.45 ± 0.10). However, weak or nonsignificant genetic correlations were observed between most MCP, indicating their independence. Twenty-eight quantitative trait loci (QTL) for MCP were detected by GWAS, and 24 new candidate genes related to MCP were identified, which are involved with growth, height, and skeletal development. Most importantly, we found that the development of the bones in different parts of the body may be regulated by different genes, among which HMGA1 may be the strongest candidate gene affecting forelimb bone development. Moreover, as previously shown, VRTN is a causal gene affecting vertebra number, and BMP2 may be the strongest candidate gene affecting hindlimb bone development. Conclusions Our results indicate that breeding programs for MCP have the potential to enhance carcass composition by increasing the proportion of expensive cuts and decreasing the proportion of inexpensive cuts. Since MCP are post-slaughter traits, the QTL and candidate genes related to these traits can be used for marker-assisted and genomic selection.

Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 has created a significant challenge to healthcare systems, since the disease has spread rapidly, outweighing hospital capacity and exposing Health Care Workers (HCWs) to the risk of infection. The main objective of this study shows the HCW’s self-reported use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), symptoms, and exposure to revealed and suspected people during the pandemic, as well as the implementation of infection prevention and control (IPC) guidelines that effectively limit the spread of the infection among healthcare personnel.Method: A single-center retrospective cohort study has been done at a tertiary care hospital. There were 3,651 hospital employees of these 1,890 HCWs and 1,761 nonclinical staff among those who were proven or suspected COVID-19 cases and had symptoms were included. The data was gathered using a standardized self-assessment questionnaire. Information about quarantine protocol and line listing was collected through telephonic conversations.Result: The majority of the participants were males (66%). The average age was 32.1±7.62. Out of 432 HCWs, 32.9% with positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR findings were nurses, 19.2% were doctors, and 47.9% were non-clinical employees from the hospital’s inpatient and outpatient departments. 31.5% had a higher-risk exposure, 64.1% had a moderate-risk exposure, and 4.4% of practitioners with COVID-19 had a lower-risk exposure. A statistically significant association was found between COVID-19 disease and adherence to PPE and risk exposure.Conclusion: This study represents the healthcare workers’ experience with COVID-19 patients in the early stages of the pandemic and emphasizes the measures required to overcome the problems, however, this study highlights that HCWs are being progressively infected with COVID-19 as a result of inadequate/ inappropriate PPE wear.

Scopo di questo intervento è fornire una replica alla discussione sul libro Il tempo dei lupi, partendo dal recente dibattito sull’animal turn.

Plastics industry have many major developments in the last two decades resulted from the increased utilization of plastics in various sectors. One of the most common used plastics is the thin plastic bags which used usually for packaging. However the disposal of the waste plastic bags in large quantities constitutes a real environmental problem. Hence, recycling waste into useful products is considered one of the most sustainable solutions to this crisis so that research into new and innovative uses of waste materials is continuously advancing. This paper studies the Compressive Strength of Plastic Waste Bituminous Concrete for Road Construction. The plastic waste was added to the bituminous concrete in increasing percentage and Marshall Samples were prepared. These samples were tested for compressive strength at 25°C and 60°C i.e unconditioned and conditioned samples. It is observed that the compressive strength of sample significantly increases up to 8%, 6% and 12% for dry process, wet process and combined process respectively for LDPE and HDPE type of waste plastic.

L’articolo si interroga sul rapporto fra periodizzazione della storia europea nei secoli V-XV e permanenza di alcuni radicati stereotipi nei libri di testo per la scuola, proponendo una schedatura dei principali temi di storia medievale in nove manuali.

Introduction: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an antibody mediated autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by fatigable muscle weakness. A proportion of myasthenia gravis patients are classified as refractory due to non responsiveness to conventional treatment. This retrospective study was done to evaluate clinical profile, epidemiological, laboratory, and features of patients with MG and mode of management using rituximab and complications.Methods: Data of myasthenia gravis patients admitted or presented to outpatient department (previous medical records) with MG between January 2008 and January 2016 were included. A total of 512 patients fulfilled the clinical and diagnostic criteria of myasthenia gravis of which 76 patients met the diagnostic certainty for refractory myasthenia gravis and were evaluated. Results: Out of 76 refractory MG patients, 53 (69.73%) patients fulfilled all the three defined criteria. The median age of onset of the refractory MG group was 36 years with a range of 27–53 years. In our study 25 patients (32.89%) belonged to the age group of 21–30 years. Anti-MuSK antibodies were positive in 8 non-refractory MG patients (2.06%) and 36 refractory MG patients (47.36%). Mean HbA was found to be 8.6±2.33. The dose of administered prednisone decreased by a mean of 59.7% (=3.3x10) to 94.6% (=2.2x10) after the third cycle of rituximab treatment.Conclusion: The refractory MG patients are most commonly female with an early age of onset, anti-MuSK antibodies, and thymomas. Refractory MG patients have higher prevalence and poor control (HbA >8%) of diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia probably due to increased steroid usage. Rituximab is very efficient in treatment of refractory MG with adverse effects being low.

This contribution examines the politics of ancient Italian states with regards to collective property by taking as a starting point two recent monographs on this argument (Alessandro Dani’s work on the state of Siena in Medicean times and Stefano Barbacetto’s work on the Venetian Republic between the 15th and 18th centuries). Whilst the Medicis’initiatives in this sphere were of a limited nature, as from the mid-fifteenth century the Venetian signoria conducted ambitious interventions aimed at acquiring significant shares and reclaiming sovereignty over the common property of the subjected territories. Despite the differences in the approaches adopted, in early modern times central governments increasingly gain interest in collective resources.A partire dalle lettura di due recenti monografie sull’argomento (i lavori di Alessandro Dani sullo Stato di Siena in epoca medicea e di Stefano Barbacetto sulla Repubblica di Venezia fra XV e XVIII secolo), il contributo prende in esame le politiche degli antichi stati italiani sulle proprietà collettive. Mentre i Medici attuarono interventi limitati in tale settore, sin dalla seconda metà del Quattrocento la Signoria veneta dispiegò ambiziose iniziative intese a rivendicare la sovranità sulle comunanze dei territori soggetti e a incamerarne significative quote. Pur con approcci differenti, in età moderna emerge un crescente interesse dei governi centrali per gli usi civici.

Two studies about commons and communal properties.

Due contributi attorno al tema dei beni comuni e communali.Two studies about commons and communal properties.

Abstract An F2 chicken population was established from a crossbreeding between a Xinghua line and a White Recessive Rock line. A total of 502 F2 chickens in 17 full-sib families from six hatches was obtained, and phenotypic data of 488 individuals were available for analysis. A total of 46 SNP on GGA1 was initially selected based on the average physical distance using the dbSNP database of NCBI. After the polymorphism levels in all F0 individuals (26 individuals) and part of the F1 individuals (22 individuals) were verified, 30 informative SNP were potentially available to genotype all F2 individuals. The linkage map was constructed using Cri-Map. Interval mapping QTL analyses were carried out. QTL for body weight (BW) of 35 d and 42 d, 49 d and 70 d were identified on GGA1 at 351–353 cM and 360 cM, respectively. QTL for abdominal fat weight was on GGA1 at 205 cM, and for abdominal fat rate at 221 cM. Two novel QTL for fat thickness under skin and fat width were detected at 265 cM and 72 cM, respectively.

Introduction: Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a fulminant polyradiculoneuropathy that is acute, frequently severe and autoimmune in nature. Etiology of GBS is incompletely understood, prognosis is usually good with early detection and prompt treatment. This retrospective study was done to evaluate clinical profile, epidemiological, laboratory, and electrodiagnostic features of patients with GBS and mode of management, complications and prognostic factors.Methods: Data of 1,166 patients admitted with GBS or presented to outpatient department (previous medical records) with GBS between January 2003 and January 2014 were analyzed. Results: No difference in genders noted. Around 35% of patients are above 50 years of age. Poor control of diabetes with mean HbA of 8.1 ± 2.11 is found on analysis. Seasonal occurrence in GBS is prominent in winter 484 (41.50%) and mechanically ventilated were 449 (38.50%) patients. 48 (4.11%) deaths were attributed to GBS. Neurological analysis revealed cranial nerve involvement in 407 (34.90%) patients, facial palsy in 401 (34.39%) and ataxia in 88 (7.54%) patients. Most patients in plasma exchange group belonged to the lower socio-economic status. Mean cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein levels was (n=962) 113.8 ± 11.8 mg/dl. Conduction block determined indirectly by absent H-reflex was noted in 891 (90.64%) patients. No difference in complications and outcome is found in treatment regimens of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and plasma exchange.Conclusion: Seasonal occurrence predominantly in winter is noted. Peak flow test may be a predictor of assessing requirement of mechanical ventilation and prognosis. Conduction block is the major abnormality noted in electrophysiological studies and proximal nerve segment assessing with Erb’s point stimulation has high predictive value. IVIG treatment is more expensive but is associated with less duration of hospital stay.

Il contributo propone un’analisi pragmatica della concessione della carica di vicari da parte di Enrico VII a numerosi signori dell’Italia padana. Viene quindi tralasciata la questione dei vicariati come elemento di legittimazione delle signorie padane, a lungo al centro del dibattito storiografico italiano, per esaminare concretamente quali significati rivestì per gli attori politici dell’epoca tale vicenda. Emerge come l’elargizione dei vicariati rientri nelle pratiche di venalità degli uffici diffuse in buona parte dell’Europa e non comportasse la cancellazione dei doveri di servizio da parte degli individui che ricevevano la carica nei confronti del sovrano. Anche per i signori, effettivamente, il vicariato si rivela un elemento complessivamente fragile nel processo di costruzione della dominazione urbana. Per le cittadinanze, infine, tale esperienza si riverberò per lo più in un aggravio delle imposizioni fiscali e della presenza militare di truppe imperiali.

A partire dalle lettura di due recenti monografie sull’argomento (i lavori di Alessandro Dani sullo Stato di Siena in epoca medicea e di Stefano Barbacetto sulla Repubblica di Venezia fra XV e XVIII secolo), il contributo prende in esame le politiche degli antichi stati italiani sulle proprietà collettive. Mentre i Medici attuarono interventi limitati in tale settore, sin dalla seconda metà del Quattrocento la Signoria veneta dispiegò ambiziose iniziative intese a rivendicare la sovranità sulle comunanze dei territori soggetti e a incamerarne significative quote. Pur con approcci differenti, in età moderna emerge un crescente interesse dei governi centrali per gli usi civici.

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Calligraphy is appreciated as an art form in many cultures, yet the stature of calligraphy in Chinese culture is unmatched. From the early period, it has been considered a supreme visual art form, a mean of self expression and cultivation. For centuries, calligraphy has profound meaning in Chinese society. Hardly surprising then that it is one of the most important sources of inspiration for contemporary Chinese composers. Yet, unlike folk tunes, pipa melodies, or Peking opera percussion patterns, as materials or elements for composition, Chinese calligraphy is elusive and almost too abstract to be rendered into aural experience. Still many composers tried. Wen Deqing has engaged extensively with calligraphy in his musical compositions and developed unique approaches based on the art form for nearly two decades. To explore the potential and expressivity in such an artistic endeavor, this essay provides a brief survey of the art form, and traces the usage of calligraphy in recent Chinese new music by composers such as Chou Wen-chung, Chen Yim, Qu Xiaosong and others. Then the essay examines closely Wen Deqing's compositional approaches based on calligraphy in two large series of works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]