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Objective: Social media facilitate the distribution of conspiracy theories. It is uncertain whether indeed the number of myths and also the number of those who appropriate myths has increased. Conspiracy theories have so far essentially been the subject of sociological and psychosociological research showing a general disposition to become infected irrespective of the topic of a myth. Are there specific psychopathological risk factors for becoming infected by conspiracy myths? Are there effective therapeutic or preventive measures? Methods: A systematic search was carried out in PubMed using the query "conspir*[title] AND review" followed by manual selection and appraisal only of publications addressing conspiracy theories in general, i.e. not limited to specific myths, with a focus on systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Moreover, the publications identified were manually screened for further meta-analyses. Results: The search resulted in 166 hits. The available evidence is essentially based on studies using questionnaires, which can clarify only associations but not causalities. The evidence suggests that the strongest correlates of conspiratorial ideation pertain to low cognitive abilities, nonanalytic style of thought resulting in reduced balancing of probabilities before deciding, feelings of loss of control, paranoia, schizotypy and the dark triad (narcissism, Machiavellianism, authoritarianism). Conclusion: Specific psychological characteristics are risk factors for conspiratorial ideation. Current research approaches are unsuitable to clarify whether psychiatric disorders are overrepresented. Sociodemographic risk factors include male gender, low level of education, low income, social isolation and are non-specific. Group processes promote, again presumably nonspecifically, conspiracy theories thus contributing to social polarization. The genetic basis and neurobiological mechanisms are unknown. Conspiracy theories were and are used as an instrument of political contention. The enlightened democratic social contract requires free, unbiased thinking. Consequently, the risk factors identified so far facilitate conspiratorial ideation and question the very fundaments of the social contract by impairing unbiased evaluation and decision making. Therefore, prevention is warranted.. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anastomotic leakage in visceral surgery is associated with a large number of known and also unknown or even unmeasurable parameters. Furthermore, the associations between the individual factors are intertwined and complex. According to current data a preoperative prediction is not reliably possible and should be distinguished from intraoperative or postoperative prediction models. Most studies on this topic do not exceed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.70. A thorough understanding of statistics and prediction models is necessary to correctly interpret the published works. Due to the relatively low incidence rate of anastomotic leakage from a statistical point of view, large datasets are required for adequate prediction. Multimodal data and complex algorithms can potentially handle big data more accurately and improve predictability; however, these models have so far not been applied in the clinical routine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: The health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of individuals living with Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is known to be impaired. Identifying factors that influence HRQoL can provide important information for the development of prevention and intervention programmes for affected children and adolescents. The aim of the present study was to investigate health care-related and psychosocial risk and protective factors for HRQoL in children and adolescents with an administrative ADHD diagnosis. Methods: In the consortium project INTEGRATE-ADHD, n = 4,809 parents of children and adolescents aged 7 to 17 years participated in an online survey between October 2021 and August 2022 and answered questions regarding HRQoL (KIDSCREEN-27), health care utilisation, and psychosocial risk and protective factors. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to assess the association between these factors and the five HRQoL dimensions of the KIDSCREEN-27. Results: Findings indicate that parental psychopathology and parental burden were risk factors for lower HRQoL in children and adolescents with ADHD. Further, a positive association was found between the five HRQoL dimensions and the psychosocial factors family climate and social support, indicating that these are protective factors. Conclusions: The results highlight the importance of prevention and intervention programmes for individuals with ADHD that consider parental mental health and aim to strengthen resources such as the availability of good family climate and social support.

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La solitudine rappresenta un rischio sostanziale per la salute e in quanto tale è attualmente al centro di studi empirici. Le ricerche che si concentrano sul tema della solitudine prendono spesso in esame una fascia di età avanzata, dal momento che, in questa fase della vita, sono riscontrabili alcuni fattori specifici di rischio particolarmente marcati. Allo stesso tempo va sottolineato che la solitudine non è un fattore universale, né un problema che riguarda esclusivamente gli anziani: infatti, può colpire persone di tutte le fascie di età, con un picco iniziale nella giovane età adulta. A livello scientifico, la solitudine è definita come una sensazione emotiva negativa. Questa sensazione è legata sia a tratti individuali della personalità sia a circostanze situazionali. Nel corso della vita questo sentimento può presentare diversi contesti ed essere influenzato da cambiamenti relativi al bisogno di interazioni sociali e dalle relazioni, eventi critici, percezioni positive/negative dell’età o modi di vedere le persone anziane, nonché dalla storia dello sviluppo del singolo, comprese le esperienze relazionali interiorizzate. A prescindere dal livello socio-strutturale, la solitudine può essere oggetto di attenzione anche in psicoterapia; gli interventi psicoterapeutici possono concentrarsi su diversi aspetti tra quelli sopra citati per alleviarne l’intensità e supportare le persone colpite. Vi rientrano, ad esempio, la gestione di desideri contrastanti (ad es. auto sufficienza e assistenza) nel contesto di eventuali perdite di persone a causa dell’avanzare dell’età e il rafforzamento delle risorse psico-sociali degli anziani. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cardiac arrest is a life-threatening condition requiring urgent medical care and is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Given that in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) is still poorly investigated, data on health-associated quality of life thereafter remains scarce. The available evidence is mostly transferred from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest studies, but the epidemiology and determinants of success might be different. The aim of the study was to investigate the change in the quality of life after in-hospital cardiac arrest and to identify potential risk factors for a poor outcome. Material and methods: This retrospective analysis of data and prospective evaluation of quality of life included all patients surviving an IHCA and being treated by the emergency medical team between 2010 and 2020. The primary endpoint of the study was the quality of life after IHCA at the reference date. Secondary endpoints covered determination of risk factors and predictors of poor outcome after in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Results: In total 604 patients were resuscitated within the period of 11 years and 61 (10%) patients survived until the interview took place. Finally, 48 (79%) patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria and 31 (65%) were included in the study. There was no significant difference in the quality of life before and after cardiac arrest (EQ-5D-5L utility 0.79 vs. 0.78, p = 0.567) and in the EQ-5D-5L visual analogue scale (VAS) score. Conclusion: The quality of life before and after IHCA in survivors was good and comparable. The quality of life was mostly affected by reduced mobility and anxiety/depression. Future studies with larger patient samples should focus on potentially modifiable factors that could prevent, warn, and limit the consequences of in-hospital cardiac arrest. Moreover, research on outcomes of IHCA should include available tools for the quality of life assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and trajectory of persistent symptoms following COVID-19 and to investigate factors influencing these among employees in the health and welfare services in Germany.Methods: This exploratory, mixed retro- and prospective cohort study using paper-and-pencil questionnaires was conducted among insured persons of the German Social Accident Insurance Institution for the health and welfare services with a SARS-CoV-2 infection in 2020. The baseline survey in February 2021 was succeeded by two follow-up surveys after 8 and 13 months. Demographic data, information on the acute illness and persistent symptoms were collected. Kaplan-Meier curves were created to visualize the course of recovery. Factors influencing the time to recovery were analyzed using multivariate Cox regressions.Results: Of the 4,325 people contacted, 2,053 took part in the survey (response rate: 47%). 1,810 people were included in the analysis. The most common persistent symptoms at all three survey time points were fatigue, concentration and memory problems, and dyspnea. After three months, 76.2% (95% CI: 74.2–78.2%) of participants still reported symptoms, after 18 months this dropped to 67.2% (95% CI: 65.0–69.4%). Significant risk factors for persistent symptoms were female sex (HR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.58–0.88), age over 50 years (HR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.50–0.78), a higher number of pre-existing illnesses and a higher number of severe acute symptoms. Respiratory and hormone-metabolic pre-existing conditions as well as severe dyspnea, smell or taste disorders, fatigue and memory or concentration problems during the acute COVID-19 illness also reduced the probability of complete recovery. Compared to other professions, working as a doctor had a protective effect (HR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.11–1.80).Conclusion: More than a year after a COVID-19 illness, two-thirds of the healthcare staff surveyed reported persistent symptoms. This high number emphasizes the importance of long-term consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic for public health and the need for suitable therapy and rehabilitation concepts, especially for healthcare staff with post-COVID syndrome.

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Background: Various prognostic prediction models exist for evaluating the risk of nausea and vomiting in the postoperative period (PONV). So far, no systematic comparison of these prognostic scores is available. Method: A systematic literature search was carried out in seven medical databases to find publications on prognostic PONV models. Identified scores were assessed against prospectively defined quality criteria, including generalizability, validation and clinical relevance of the models. Results: The literature search revealed 62 relevant publications with a total of 81,834 patients which could be assigned to 8 prognostic models. The simplified Apfel score performed best, primarily because it was extensively validated. The Van den Bosch score and Sinclair score tied for second place. The simplified Koivuranta score was in third place. Conclusion: The qualitative analysis highlights the strengths and weaknesses of each prediction system based on predetermined standardized quality criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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With increasing life expectancy, the prevalence of dementia is increasing worldwide. Dementia is among the greatest challenges for healthcare and social systems of the future. Approximately 40% of newly diagnosed cases of dementia are associated with risk factors that can potentially be influenced by preventive measures. Based on the evidence from longitudinal studies, systematic reviews and meta-analyses, the Lancet commission on dementia prevention, intervention and care has defined 12 risk factors that are associated with an increased risk for dementia: low level of education, hearing impairment, traumatic brain injury, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, depression, obesity, social isolation, and air pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) represent a significant health problem worldwide and in Switzerland. Despite preventive measures and advances in treatment, cardiovascular diseases still lead to a significant number of hospitalizations in Switzerland (133 000 in 2021) and are for responsible for almost 1/3 of all deaths (19 600 in 2021). Emergency care for acute cardiovascular events now has a very high standard in Switzerland compared to other countries. However, there is a large discrepancy between evidence and daily practice (evidence-performance gap) in cardiovascular risk factor control, because a large percentage of patients do not achieve the goals of the guideline recommendations: 55% of hypertensives, 81% of patients with elevated LDL cholesterol and 44% of diabetics. In addition, 21% of people in Switzerland currently smoke, 42% are considered obese and 24% of people are sedentary. Therefore, primary and secondary prevention offers great potential for reducing the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases. Sub-optimal control of cardiovascular risk factors leads to preventable cardiovascular events and associated economic costs. Thus, cardiovascular diseases not only affect life expectancy, but also influence the years with reduced quality of life (disability-adjusted life years, DALY). In Switzerland, the main risk factors of cardiovascular diseases lead to a loss of 311 332 DALYs in total, 45 454 DALYs lost by hypertension, 64 445 DALYs lost due to hyperlipidema, 24 283 DALYs due to diabetes mellitus, 47 639 DALYs due to smoking, 21 170 DALYs lost by obesity)and 4 669 DALYs lost due to a lack of exercise. Assuming that one DALY is associated with a socioeconomic burden of CHF 99 417, the total socioeconomic cost of all cardiovascular diseases is 4% of gross domestic product (GDP). Furthermore, cardiovascular diseases caused a cost burden of CHF 27,8 billion in direct and indirect healthcare costs in 2021. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Herz is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The updated ESAIC guideline on postoperative delirium (POD) comprises a total of 13 recommendations, including five with the recommendation grade "strong": 1.) The assessment of preoperative POD risk factors, 2.) the optimisation of the preoperative condition, 3.) the discussion of prevention strategies, 4) the implementation of a non-pharmacological multicomponent intervention in patients at risk of POD and 5.) the risk-benefit assessment of the prophylactic administration of dexmedetomidine. The latter applies in particular due to the partly contradictory data situation and different areas of application (cardiac surgery versus non-cardiac surgery patients). Index-based EEG monitoring of the depth of anaesthesia is also recommended, whereby other parameters such as burst suppression and density spectral array should also be included. If non-pharmacological measures fail, POD should be treated with haloperidol. In contrast, the use of benzodiazepines is not recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to analyze how risk and compatibility between partners affect organizational creativity, co-creation value, and firm performance in a developing economy. The PLS-SEM method was utilized to process and evaluate a dataset of 454 valid cases from property owners, chief executives, vice presidents, broad assistants, and department managers of SMEs in Vietnam. The results validated the connections between risk variables, partner compatibility, organizational creativity, co-creation value, and firm performance. This study further enhances the current knowledge base in the realm of partner selection and provides valuable insights that can be applied in managerial contexts. Companies must consider external factors like risk and partner compatibility to improve organizational creativity, co-creation value, and firm performance. While risk factors, partner compatibility, organizational creativity, co-creation value, and business performance have garnered significant attention in academic circles globally, there is a shortage of studies exploring the interrelationships among these five phenomena together. This research is one of the initial studies that presents a complete model elucidating the interconnections between different categories.

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Background: From an epidemiological point of view, one third of the population in industrialized countries will undergo abdominal surgery during their lifetime. Depending on the degree of patient-related and procedure-related risks, the occurrence of incisional hernias is associated in a range of up to 30% at 2‑year follow-up and even up to 60% at 5 years. In addition to influencing comorbidities, the type of surgical approach and closure technique are of critical importance. Objective: To present a descriptive evidence-based recommendation for abdominal wall closure and prophylactic mesh augmentation. Material and methods: A concise summary was prepared incorporating the current literature and existing guidelines. Results: According to recent studies the recognized risk for the occurrence of incisional hernias in the presence of obesity and abdominal aortic diseases also applies to patients undergoing colorectal surgery and the presence of diastasis recti abdominis. Based on high-level published data, the short stitch technique for midline laparotomy in the elective setting has a high level of evidence to be a standard procedure. Patients with an increased risk profile should receive prophylactic mesh reinforcement, either onlay or sublay, in addition to the short stitch technique. In emergency laparotomy, the individual risk of infection with respect to the closure technique used must be included. Conclusion: The avoidance of incisional hernias is primarily achieved by the minimally invasive access for laparoscopy. For closure of the most commonly used midline approach, the short stitch technique and, in the case of existing risk factors, additionally mesh augmentation are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A splenic abscess is a rare disease found in less than 1% of all autopsy studies. Several different diseases are associated as a predisposing factor, such as septic bacteremia due to endocarditis or diverticulitis, previous splenic trauma, immunosuppressive medication or diseases. The reported mortality in the literature is up to 24.5% in correctly diagnosed and treated cases. The diagnostic work-up primarily comprises sonography and computed tomography as well as a percutaneous puncture for determination of the pathogen. In most cases, a percutaneous interventional drainage treatment is sufficient and a splenectomy is necessary only in refractory cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Burnout among physicians is increasingly recognized as a public health issue including its scientific, political, and societal relevance. The effects of burnout go far beyond physician health as they affect the quality of care, patient safety, medical errors, and efficiency of health care. Objective: Assessment of the risk of burnout for hospital-based surgeons as well as associations between surgeon burnout and several work-related and person-related factors. Methods: From the representative Saxony physician survey from 2019, we utilized the subsample of 231 hospital-based surgeons. We conducted a regression analysis with workload, job satisfaction, work-life balance (WLB), resilience, inability to recover and health complaints as predictors of burnout (Maslach burnout inventory–General survey, MBI-GS). Results: Nearly half of the sample were female (49.4%), the average age was 42.0 years, 4.8% of participants exhibited burnout, 45.9% with some symptoms and 49.4% no burnout. Multivariate analysis showed significant positive associations between health complaints, inability to recover, a lack of job-based self-fulfillment and burnout. There were significant negative connections between WLB, the wish to remain in the job and burnout. Conclusion: Burnout is a serious problem for surgeons. Preventive measures should focus on risk factors associated with the workplace and organization of work. Interventions targeted at the individual level should start at an early career stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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