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Processes of growth and differentiation of the neurons are based on adequate metabolic activities of the karyoplasm and cytoplasm and measurable at the volume of the cell nucleus. Furthermore, they are affected by metabolic activities related to special neuronal functions. Studies of neurons related to the Nuclei arcuatus, amygdaloideus medialis, amygdaloideus corticalis and amygdaloideus basolateralis (Pars lateralis of the Nucleus amygdaloideus basalis) as well as to the external granular layer (Lamina granularis externa, Lamina II) of the parietal cortex of female and male Wistar rats resulted in distinct karyovolumetrically verifiable variations of the neuronal activities during the postnatal development (between the 5th and 60th day after birth). The variations of the neuronal activities are characterized by their nuclear specifity and indicate a significant sexual dimorphism, which also is of nuclear specifity. The nuclear specifity of the neuronal activity and the variations of the activities are understood as a total of differentiated developmental rhythms and performances of the studied neurons during the postnatal development. The sexual dimorphism, reflected in the nuclear cell volume resp. in the neuronal activity, is finally related to the sexual specificity of the differentiation of the central nervous system.