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Copyright of Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliches Institut Mitteilungen is the property of Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Poverty in Germany is on the rise. All current empirical surveys record this ongoing trend, specifically among certain disadvantaged groups, including older women. Despite the fact that different surveys draw the objective poverty line at different absolute income levels, it is more important, from a comprehensive sociological viewpoint, to include the numerous non-monetary factors – social and infrastructural – that burden the life of a poor person both objectively and subjectively. The so-called relative poverty also examines the contextual conditions, stresses and strains in the surrounding life situations from which poor people suffer from and which limit their life chances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of FinanzRundschau is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Romanische Philologie is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Throughout the last two decades, large housing estates in eastern Germany have become the scene of an increased concentration of low-income households. At the same time, considerable shifts in the structure of home ownership have been documented in these areas. National and international investors have acquired large housing stocks here and become a fundamental part of the local housing markets. This paper discusses the connection between both developments. Based on a case study in two large housing estates in Halle (Saale) and Schwerin, it is argued that the relative impoverishment of large housing estates can be traced back to two developments on the supply side: On the one hand, municipal housing companies are increasingly made responsible for the provision of homes for households that cannot provide for themselves on the market. Due to the uneven spatial distribution of municipal housing, this leads to an increased concentration of poor households in the large housing estates. On the other hand, letting policies of financial investors are characterised by tight yield requirements. In view of a rather restrained demand for the housing they manage, they therefore increasingly rent their flats to population groups that are avoided by other landlords. Together, these developments operate like a 'segregationmachine', which continuously shifts low-income population groups to the large housing estates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliches Institut Mitteilungen is the property of Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Berliner Debatte Initial is the property of Berliner Debatte Initial e.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Praxis der Kinderpsychologie und Kinderpsychiatrie is the property of Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht GmbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Berliner Debatte Initial is the property of Berliner Debatte Initial e.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Historische Zeitschrift is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Attraverso il confronto fra Let Us Now Praise Famous Men di James Agee e Walker Evans e Poor People di William T. Vollmann, l’articolo si propone di mostrare come quest’ultimo rifletta e cerchi di risolvere i problemi etici, politici e formali della rappresentazione documentaria. In particolare, si analizzano le modalità attraverso le quali viene problematizzato il processo di mediazione e di fruizione e lo specifico della retorica adottata da Vollmann per rendere conto dell’esperienza di un’alterità subalterna. Through the comparison between James Agee’s and Walker Evans’s Let Us Now Praise Famous Men and William T. Vollmann’s Poor People, this essay focuses on ethical, political and aesthetic problems concerning documentary representation. Namely I analyse the ways in which Vollmann puts the mediation process into question and the rhetoric through which the experience of otherness is depicted in a work of literary non-fiction.

Copyright of Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaftliches Institut Mitteilungen is the property of Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Perspektiven der Wirtschaftspolitik is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article offers information on the history of monasteries in Roman Empire. Topics discussed include poor classes of Rome, convents in Italy and Spain, participation of Franciscan women in convents, monastic life in Middle Ages, constitutional law on monasteries, rule of Assisi in Roman Empire and constitutional order in 1263.

The article presents a report from a November 13-15, 2014 conference in Kiel, Germany on the social, cultural, and economic implications of the scarcity of resources. Topics of presentations delivered included political elements of scarcity-combating strategies such as urban gardening and bartering, the energy consumption of poor households, and the circulation of second-hand clothing in Germany.

The article focuses on Lars-Broder Keil, the chairman of the association, a general overview of the origins and history of the group of poets. It mentions Bruno Wille the free spirits of literary Berlin and the bohemian to sociable and an ambitious exchange of ideas and argument and efforts for improvement developed the social situation of the underprivileged in the cities. It also mentions censorship became the idea of ​​modern theater reform.

The article examines the depictions of the social role of the lower classes and poor people including street vendors in Victorian England in the book "London Labour and the London Poor" by journalist Henry Mayhew as well as in Mayhew's newspaper articles. Depictions of the poor in period literature are analyzed, the social separation and othering of the English poor is compared to the social philosophy of orientalism, and the subjectivity of Mayhew's reporting is evaluated. The author draws conclusions on Mayhew's social views based on his concentration on the relationship of the poor with police, labor, and marriage.

Copyright of Sozialer Fortschritt is the property of Duncker & Humblot GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The first part describes changes at the bottom of Latin American societies, especially the reduction of the poverty rate, the moderate decline of social inequality as well as the decrease of informal modes of labour. These changes are examined against the background of a strong economic expansion during the last decade. In the second part the recent growth of middle class-sectors in various countries is analyzed. In the last chapter the focus is on the ruling classes, who have come up with new forms of active internationalization. A brief discussion of the political implications of these tendencies concludes the article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a report from a December 15-16, 2011 conference in Vienna, Austria on the history of humanism at the Universität Wien university in Vienna, Austria. Topics of presentations given included texts and images from humanist Nikolaus Marschalk, the definition of paupers according to the university, and a use study of the Wiener Hofbibliothek library in the 16th century.

In 2010 the German constitutional court obligated legislative and government to revaluate the rate of welfare payments. Hence a window of opportunity opened for poor people's movement activists to initiate a broad debate on scarce benefits in the German workfare regime of „Hartz IV" and to promote significantly higher benefits. We discuss the crucial factors of their campaign's failure such as the weakness of the hardly existing movement of the unemployed, the interests of parties and administration, and the important politico-economic function of „Hartz IV". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sozialer Fortschritt is the property of Duncker & Humblot GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ergotherapie & Rehabilitation is the property of Schulz-Kirchner Verlag Gmbh and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Swiss Journal of Sociology / Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Soziologie is the property of Sciendo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article analyses the role of local political forces and strategies in Jordan vis-à-vis the global agenda of poverty reduction. It argues that the development of poverty reduction policy, a new field of political intervention in Jordan since the 1990's, signifies the increased relevance of the global concept of poverty alleviation, which aims to target the poorest of the poor, helping them to help themselves. This global concept is being translated into the local political context, where it is articulated within the established Jordanian model of the paternalistic provider state. The emerging forms of social policy reflect the efforts of various groups who aim to have their strategies inscribed into the state's apparatuses, as well as attempts from above to integrate politically relevant groups in symbolic and material terms and control those (socio-)political groups regarded as a potential risk to political stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Vereinte Nationen is the property of Berliner Wissenschaftsverlag GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article informs that association conference of the Federal Working Group for Family Mediation e.V. (BAFM) prepared a discussion paper that shows promoting family mediation for conflict parties with low incomes is urgently required.

The question how much money society should pay to persons without own income (i. e. the social minimum; in Germany called "Regelsatz") has been debated extensively in Germany. A complicated procedure has been developed to derive the social minimum from the typical consumption of average lower income persons. Although the procedure as a whole is not unreasonable, it includes several standardised components which have been the cause of severe criticism and the reason for demands to raise the Regelsatz. The goal of this article is to determine the degree of consistency of the Regelsatz with the aims of the German social security system. We do not use the criticized "official" calculation procedure. Instead we start with the goals society has set to specify the social minimum. As these goals are formulated in an imprecise way we defined a "maximum case" and a "minimum case". Then we deduce two baskets of goods consistent with those goals, respectively the two cases. Finally we determine the prices of all goods in the baskets using the actual cost of products in Germany. We find that the German Regelsatz is about 16 % above the amount consistent with the maximum case and is twice as high as the amount consistent with the minimum case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the impact of EU structural policy on the economic development of German regions between 1995 and 2004. In this period East-German regions have converged, while regional disparities have been increasing in West-Germany. In addition East-German have caught up with poor western regions. However the overall gap between rich and poor has risen. Economic theory describes a trade-off between regional convergence and aggregate growth. Our empirical findings support this hypothesis. It is shown that the EU's regional transfers speed up convergence, but have a negative impact on long-run aggregate growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sozialer Fortschritt is the property of Duncker & Humblot GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sozialer Fortschritt is the property of Duncker & Humblot GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sozialer Fortschritt is the property of Duncker & Humblot GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

It is nowadays rarely denied that the poor are active agents in the development process. Participation, once radical and controversial, is now mainstream management theory; harnessing self-help potentials is the order of the day. Properly 'empowered' or at least 'enabled', the poor are assumed to be able to overcome deficits of infrastructure and services and exhaust their tremendous entrepreneurial potential. Without altogether denying the validity of the self-help approach, the paper scrutinizes both its practical assumptions and ideological underpinnings. Does it work for all urban poor communities, and critically, for all people in such communities? And is it its efficiency, or rather the implicit justification of cutting subsidies and transfers, which make it so popular with governments and international financial institutions? We conclude that self-help approaches can and should be supported by the state, but should considered as complements, not as alternatives, to resource transfers and accessible public services. The idea that poor communities can develop under their own steam is not only unrealistic but politically harmful. It obscures gross injustice in the distribution of wealth and power in society, but also within the poor communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a German legislative initiative to curtail massive unemployment through the adoption of mini-jobs (under 15 hours per week) and midi-jobs. These jobs as outlined by the Hartz Commission involve a reduced social insurance burden and aim to promote work relations at the lowest income levels in the simplest services. Details of wages, social insurance premiums, and conditions of work are presented.

The article discusses living standard as a function of income and insufficient income as being a detriment to quality of life and socio-cultural existence, as well as a factor in social stratification. The author notes efforts in a socialist Germany to mitigate this circumstance and presents research on the characterization of low income groups and social structural change at lower income levels.

The article deals with low income levels and its effect on social policymaking in Germany. The author discusses the correlation between low income and poverty and examines pensions, unemployment insurance, and social benefits. He focuses on the notion that social security and welfare provisions may deter recipients from obtaining gainful employment.

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Soziologie is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Soziologie is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Soziologie is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses the disproportionately high expenditures on social assistance for the poor in Germany, involving spending which more than quadrupled in the 11 years leading up 1981. Efforts to reduce that social financial strain at municipal levels are reviewed. Concurrent initiatives at greater income redistribution are also discussed.

The article discuses poverty in Germany and the problematics of deciding what constitutes poverty. The author speculates on using income as a poverty indicator and reviews possible statistical measures of magnitude that might be employed. Various studies on the subject are cited, evaluated, and critiqued. The ambivalence of economic measurement as stated by economist Paul Samuelson concludes the article.