1. Aspects determining the risk of pesticides to wild bees: risk profiles for focal crops on three continents
- Author
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VALK, H. van der, KOOMEN, I., NOCELLI, R. C. F., RIBEIRO, M. de F., FREITAS, B. M., CARVALHO, S., KASINA, J. M., MARTINS, D., MUTISO, M., ODHIAMBO, C., KINUTHIA, W., GIKUNGU, M., NGARUIYA, P., MAINA, G., KIPYAB, P., BLACQUIERE, T., STEEN, J. van der, ROESSINK, I., WASSENBER, J., HERREN, B. G., HAROLD VAN DER VALK, IRENE KOOMEN, ROBERTA C. F. NOCELLI, MARCIA DE FATIMA RIBEIRO, CPATSA, BRENO M. FREITAS, STEPHAN CARVALHO, JOHN M. KASINA, DINO MARTINS, MARTHA MUTISO, CHRISTOPHER ODHIAMBO, WANJA KINUTHIA, MARY GIKUNGU, PAUL NGARUIYA, GLADYS MAINA, PAMELA KIPYAB, TJEERD BLACQUIERE, JOZEF VAN DER STEEN, IVO ROESSINK, JACOBA WASSENBERG, and BARBARA GEMMILL HERREN.
- Subjects
Abelhas selvagens ,fungi ,risk profile ,lcsh:S ,wild bees ,Pesticida ,Apis Mellifera ,Polinização ,complex mixtures ,Insect ,lcsh:QK1-989 ,lcsh:Agriculture ,exposure ,lcsh:Botany ,Inseto ,behavior and behavior mechanisms ,Abelha ,Bee ,pesticide ,risk - Abstract
In order to conduct a proper risk assessment of pesticides to bees, information is needed in three areas: (i) the toxicity of the pesticide; (ii) the probability of bee exposure to that pesticide; and (iii) the population dynamics of the bee species in question. Information was collected on such factors affecting pesticide risk to (primarily wild) bees in several crops in Brazil, Kenya and The Netherlands. These data were used to construct ?risk profiles? of pesticide use for bees in the studied cropping systems. Data gaps were identified and potential risks of pesticides to bees were compared between the crops. Initially, risk profiling aims to better identify gaps in our present knowledge. In the longer term, the established risk profiles may provide structured inputs into risk assessment models for wild and managed bees, and lead to recommendations for specific risk mitigation measures. Edição dos Proceedings of the 11 International Symposium Hazards of Pesticides to Bees, Wageningen, nov. 2011.
- Published
- 2012