19,243 results on '"Particle"'
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2. „Magnetic particle imaging“: Von der Forschung zur klinischen Perspektive
- Author
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Gräser, Matthias, Wegner, Franz, Schumacher, Jonas, Ahlborg, Mandy, Gräfe, Ksenija, Aderhold, Eric, Blancke Soares, Yvonne, Lüdtke-Buzug, Kerstin, Neumann, Alexander, Stagge, Pascal, Wei, Huimin, Ackers, Justin, and Buzug, Thorsten M.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Abrieberkrankungen und deren Effekte auf das umliegende Gewebe
- Author
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Donner, Stefanie, Perka, Carsten, Krenn, Veit, and Ort, Melanie-Jasmin
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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4. Bewegung eines Einzelkorns unter dem Einfluss kohärenter Strukturen
- Author
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Sindelar, C., Schobesberger, J., Gold, T., Reiterer, K., Worf, D., Hauer, C., and Habersack, H.
- Published
- 2023
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5. Experimentelle und numerische Untersuchung von Fluid-Partikel-Interaktionen in Wasser
- Author
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Gold, T., Worf, D., Reiterer, K., Habersack, H., and Sindelar, C.
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- 2023
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6. Betriebserfahrungen mit dem CEMTEC Online Particle Sizer (CEOPS) in der Zementindustrie
- Author
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Plochberger, Thomas, Steiner, Christian, Zieri, Wilfred, and Freyhammer, Dietmar
- Published
- 2015
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7. Partikelbruchvorhersage an einem dynamischen Übergabesystem und Vergleich mit einer herkömmlichen Schurre mittels DEM
- Author
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Denzel, Michael and Prenner, Michael
- Published
- 2022
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8. Typisierung und Partikelanalyse von Squeaking-Hüftendoprothesen: Erste histopathologische Analyse zur Untersuchung der Squeaking-Pathogenese von Keramik-Keramik-Gleitpaarungen
- Author
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Eiden, Stephanie, Bormann, Therese, Kretzer, Jan Philippe, Dieckmann, Ralf, and Krenn, Veit
- Published
- 2021
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9. Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics – partikelbasierte Strömungsberechnung zur Anwendung in der Siedlungswasserwirtschaft
- Author
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Meister, Michael, Fleischhacker, Nikolaus, and Rauch, Wolfgang
- Published
- 2015
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10. The Exhaustive Particle =ok in Hill Mari and Beyond
- Author
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Alexey Kozlov and Aigul Zakirova
- Subjects
finno-ugric languages ,hill mari ,volga-kama languages ,focus particles ,exhaustive constructions ,semantics ,language contact ,Philology. Linguistics ,P1-1091 - Abstract
The paper examines the semantics and distribution of the polyfunctional Hill Mari focus particle =ok. We describe two interpretations of =ok Âpossible on a wide range of hosts: the exhaustive use and the counteradditive use; besides, we consider several uses that are only possible with a lexically or semantically conditioned set of entities. We argue that =ok falls into a class of devices with not-at-issue exhaustive inferences, along with the English it-cleft and some other cross-linguistic counterparts. We discuss the implications that the Hill Mari data have for the typology of this class of constructions: Hill Mari =ok suggests that discourse givenness of the denotation of the focus constituent is an important dimension along which such elements vary across languages. Besides, in this paper we draw an areal comparison of the Hill Mari =ok with its counterparts in the Volga-Kama languages: Meadow Mari, Chuvash, Tatar, Bashkir, and Udmurt. Although the origin and the general set of readings are the same, the Âsyntactic behavior of =okâs counterparts varies significantly.
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- 2023
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11. Standard development for Eddy Current Arrays in lieu of Magnetic Particle Testing
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Casper Wassink, Matthew Wolf, and Michael Sirois
- Subjects
Technology - Abstract
The technology of Eddy Current Arrays has advanced considerably in recent years. In several trials, superior performance compared to magnetic particle testing was shown. In response, ASME has published new articles on Eddy Current Array (ECA) testing in the 2019 edition of the BPV, and IIW has started a working group to develop ISO standards for the use of eddy current array testing in lieu of magnetic particle testing. Significant interest has been indicated by stake holders, including manufacturers, end-users and regulators. In the paper, the work performed in the IIW working group will be presented. This includes a literature survey on the relative performance of eddy current array testing and magnetic particle testing. In particular, the performance in terms of probability of detection and characterization will be explored. The technical background of performance differences with conventional eddy current testing, magnetic particle testing and dye penetrant testing will be evaluated. Conclusions are drawn on the most important properties to be treated in a new ISO standard in the ISO 17635 framework. The scope of the IIW working group includes a general standard, a weld testing standard and acceptance criteria. Finally, the issues discussed in standard development will be presented and the resulting formulations explained. Comparisons will be made between the ASME and IIW/ISO resolutions.
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- 2023
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12. Past of a quantum particle: old problem with recent controversies
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Jerzy Dajka
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two-state vector formalism ,weak values ,weak measurement ,cheshire cat effect ,Philosophy (General) ,B1-5802 - Abstract
Time-symmetric formulation of quantum mechanics—the two-state vector formalism—is presented as a tool for studying past behaviour of quantum systems. A role of weak measurement and weak values in the Cheshire Cat effect and a nested (Vaidman) three-path interferometer are discussed. Interpretation of a particle’s faint trace indicating possibility of discontinuous paths of particles passing the Vaidman interferometer is given. Consistent histories are presented as one of alternative approaches. Multitude of controversial issues is briefly reviewed and discussed.
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- 2022
13. Wiederverwertung ausgehobener Molasse basierend auf geologischer Untergrundmodellierung für den geplanten 100 km Teilchenbeschleuniger-Tunnel am CERN nahe Genf, Schweiz
- Author
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Haas, Maximilian
- Published
- 2020
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14. Method of estimation of PM10 fine particle concentration during operation of centrifugal friction rollers
- Author
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Safronov E.V., Nosko A.L., Sharifullin I.A., and Guskova A.S.
- Subjects
estimation ,maximum permissible concentration ,centrifugal friction roller ,coefficient of environmental friendliness ,number of brakes ,warehouse turnover. ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
One of the solutions to increase the storage capacity and speed of handling palletized goods in warehouses is the use of gravity pallet racking. As elements of the safe operation of such conveyors, centrifugal friction rollers are widely used, which ensure the speed of the pallet within the limits that do not exceed the permissible values. During the operation of centrifugal friction rollers, wear products — brake dust, which have an adverse effect on the human body, may enter the atmosphere. Therefore, an urgent task is to study the operation of friction-type brake rollers from the point of view of the environmental assessment of the released brake dust. The paper assesses the concentration of fine particles with dimensions from 10 micrometers to 2.5 micrometers during the operation of centrifugal friction rollers in gravity pallet racks, and proposes a method for estimating their concentration in the warehouse working area. The coefficient of environmental friendliness of the design of the brake roller of the friction type has been introduced, which is one of the factors determining the maximum number of braking, and takes values from 0 to 1.0 for various designs of the friction roller — closed type, ventilated and open type. The results of an experimental study of materials for friction pairs of brake rollers show that the maximum amount of braking is provided at a pressure on the friction lining of 0.1 MPa, which corresponds to a pallet weight of 1000 kg. An example of using the methodology for estimating the concentration of particles in the working area for a warehouse consisting of one block of gravity racks for pallets 1200x800x1500 mm (length x width x height), weighing 1000 kg, with a total number of 546 pallet places is considered. Analysis of the results showed that the maximum number of pallet braking at which the maximum permissible concentration of particles with a dimension of 10 micrometers to 2.5 micrometers is reached and the maximum turnover of the warehouse can serve as a comprehensive assessment of its environmental friendliness.
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- 2022
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15. Numerical calculation of sugarcane crushing process based on Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics.
- Author
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Jiang Ding, Yanqing Yin, Tao Yang, Yujie Wang, Hanling Mao, Fude Lu, and Qingshan Duan
- Subjects
- *
STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics) , *HYDRODYNAMICS , *SENSITIVITY analysis , *SUGARCANE , *SPEED , *MIXTURES - Abstract
Understanding the dynamic crushing process of sugarcane is very important to improve the juice extraction rate. In this work, we prove the feasibility of using the Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics method to simulate the sugarcane crushing process and explore the milling mechanism and the effects of crushing technological parameters on sugarcane stress. The numerical experiments indicate that the stress and deformation of the milled mixture of sugarcane reach the peak at the maximum opening ratio and the X-direction speed of the milled mixture in contact with the roller is more than that of the internal milled mixture. When the roller diameter, roller speed, and compression ratio of the milled mixture are 1060 mm, 5 rpm, and 3, the maximum stress and speed of the milled mixture are 1.857 MPa and 453.6 mm/s. The stress is related to the compression ratio (1.5-3.5) and roller diameter (940-1060 mm) within a certain range, but is independent of roller speed (4-6 rpm). The study on milling mechanism and sensitivity analysis of parameters can provide a reference for optimizing technological parameters and extraction rate. Our approach may be used to study the large displacement and deformation of objects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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16. Ultrafast Single-Particle Imaging with Intense X-Ray Pulses
- Author
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Zhibin Sun, Andre Al Haddad, Sven Augustin, Gregor Knopp, Jonas Knurr, Kirsten Schnorr, and Christoph Bostedt
- Subjects
Ultrafast imaging ,Free-electron laser ,X-ray ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Ultrafast single-particle imaging with intense x-ray pulses from free-electron laser sources provides a new approach for visualizing structure and dynamics on the nanoscale. After a short introduction to the novel free-electron laser sources and methods, we highlight selected applications and discuss how ultrafast imaging flourishes from method development to early applications in physics and biology to opportunities for chemical sciences.
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- 2022
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17. The way from microscopic many-particle theory to macroscopic hydrodynamics
- Author
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Haussmann, Rudolf
- Subjects
Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics - Abstract
Starting from the microscopic description of a normal fluid in terms of any kind of local interacting many-particle theory we present a well defined step by step procedure to derive the hydrodynamic equations for the macroscopic phenomena. We specify the densities of the conserved quantities as the relevant hydrodynamic variables and apply the methods of non-equilibrium statistical mechanics with projection operator techniques. As a result we obtain time-evolution equations for the hydrodynamic variables with three kinds of terms on the right-hand sides: reversible, dissipative and fluctuating terms. In their original form these equations are completely exact and contain nonlocal terms in space and time which describe nonlocal memory effects. Applying a few approximations the nonlocal properties and the memory effects are removed. As a result we find the well known hydrodynamic equations of a normal fluid with Gaussian fluctuating forces. In the following we investigate if and how the time-inversion invariance is broken and how the second law of thermodynamics comes about. Furthermore, we show that the hydrodynamic equations with fluctuating forces are equivalent to stochastic Langevin equations and the related Fokker-Planck equation. Finally, we investigate the fluctuation theorem and find a modification by an additional term., Comment: Topical Review, 48 pages, 0 figures. This is a version in German language. A few errors have been corrected: On the right-hand sides of equations (7.59)-(7.61) a factor two has been added
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- 2015
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18. [Particle disease and its effects on periarticular tissue].
- Author
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Donner S, Perka C, Krenn V, and Ort MJ
- Subjects
- Humans, Prostheses and Implants, Synovial Membrane, Synovial Fluid
- Abstract
Particle disease is the condition caused by wear debris on surrounding tissues and influences the well-being of arthroplasty patients. This condition is multifactorial due to the type of bearing couple, head size and implant position. Subsequent periprosthetic osteolysis and soft tissue reactions, can lead to revision THA surgery. The periprosthetic synovial membrane (synovial-like interface membrane, SLIM) is used in diagnostics when the cause of implant failure is uncertain. Detailed analysis of synovial fluid and bone marrow could improve the diagnostic procedure and strengthen the cases for revision surgery and the underlying biology. A large number of research approaches on this topic have evolved and continue to be utilized in the clinic., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature.)
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- 2023
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19. A Case of Pragmaticalization in Russian: Micro-diachronic Analysis of the Particle ‘že’ in Questions
- Author
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Olga E. Pekelis
- Subjects
прагматикализация ,микродиахрония ,частица же ,корпус ,история русского языка ,частный вопрос ,общий вопрос ,Slavic languages. Baltic languages. Albanian languages ,PG1-9665 - Abstract
Že is one of the most closely studied particles in Russian, but its use within interrogative sentences, although it is a separate type of use, has not been investigated in detail. In this paper, I deal with the semantic and syntactic properties of že as part of a constituent or a polar question in the 18th–19th centuries and in modern usage. Based on the Russian National Corpus data, it is demonstrated that, in modern texts, že can appear in questions in four different meanings, each of them pragmatically coloured, whereas in the 19th century and earlier, že could also have a pragmatically neutral meaning, close to a conjunctive one, which has today been lost. This diachronic development corresponds to a typologically widespread scenario and represents the process known as pragmaticalization. The proposed semantic analysis of že is further considered in the light of syntactic tendencies in the evolution of this particle. This analysis can explain the absence of že in the polar questions in modern Russian and its presence in such types of questions in the Russian language of the 18th–19th centuries. The assumption that že has lost its conjunctive-like meaning in interrogative sentences is consistent with the observation that the conjunctive že is the less frequent type of že in declarative sentences. DOI: 10.31168/2305-6754.2020.9.1.12
- Published
- 2020
20. Aeroakustische Untersuchungen an stationären Stäben und einem oszillierenden Tragflügel mittels synchroner Particle-Image Velocimetry und Mikrofonmessungen
- Author
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Siegel, Lars
- Subjects
Strömungsakustik ,Akustische Messung ,kohärente Strukturen ,Particle-Image-Velocimetry ,Causality Correlation - Abstract
Die kombinierte, experimentelle Erfassung der Strukturen in einer Strömung und der dadurch verursachten Schallabstrahlung ist Gegenstand der vorliegenden Arbeit. Als Messmethoden kamen einerseits die Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), mit Hilfe derer Schwankungsgrößen im Strömungsfeld innerhalb einer Lichtschnittebene aufgezeichnet werden, und andererseits Mikrofone, die die Druckfluktuationen im akustischen Fernfeld erfassen, zum Einsatz. Durch die synchrone Erfassung lässt sich die Kreuzkorrelation zwischen diesen beiden Größen berechnen, welche dabei Einblicke in den Mechanismus der Schallentstehung und -ausbreitung sowie den Zusammenhang mit den auftretenden Strömungsstrukturen liefert. Der Schwerpunkt der vorliegenden Arbeit liegt in der Erweiterung des Erkenntnisraums dieses experimentellen Verfahrens hinsichtlich zweier Aspekte. Zum einen wird untersucht, inwieweit die Korrelationsergebnisse und davon abgeleitete Größen verwendet werden können, um Rückschlüsse auf die Region der Schallquellen zu schließen, das Ausbreitungsverhalten der Schallschnelle von der Quellregion bis ins Fernfeld nachzuverfolgen und die Verteilung der akustischen Intensität zu quantifizieren. Dafür wurden Experimente an umströmten Stäben in einem aeroakustischen Windkanal durchgeführt, wobei das Beobachtungsfenster der PIV-Messungen sequentiell vom Nahfeld der Stäbe bis ins akustische Fernfeld traversiert werden konnte. Um die erzielten Kreuzkorrelationsergebnisse abzugleichen und die skalierte Kreuzkorrelations-funktion als Ersatzgröße der Schallschnelle zu validieren, wurden analytische Modelle verwendet. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass in denjenigen Strömungsbereichen, in denen fluiddynamische Prozesse eine untergeordnete Rolle spielen, die skalierte Kreuzkorrelationsfunktion tatsächlich das Ausbreitungsverhalten der Schallschnelle widerspiegelt. In Bereichen mit starken turbulenten Teilchenbewegungen dominieren hingegen die fluiddynamischen Schwankungen um teils mehrere Größenordnungen, so dass eine klare Trennung der rein akustischen Prozesse nicht möglich ist. Jedoch konnte eine eindeutige Verknüpfung der kohärenten, periodisch ablösenden Strömungsstrukturen im Nachlauf der Stäbe mit der Schallemission und dem Transport bzw. der Konvektion der akustischen Informationen sowohl experimentell als auch im Vergleich mit den analytischen Modellen nachgewiesen werden. Mittels einer generalisierten Intensitätsanalyse auf Basis der skalierten Kreuzkorrelationsfunktion konnte darüber hinaus die Quellregion der akustischen Emissionen identifiziert werden. Zum anderen wird untersucht, welchen Einfluss der zusätzliche Freiheitsgrad der periodischen Bewegung eines oszillierenden Tragflügels in einer Strömung auf die Kreuzkorrelationsergebnisse hat. Mit diesem Experiment sollte geklärt werden, ob man mit der synchronen Messtechnik in der Lage ist, trotz sich permanent ändernden Strömungszuständen kohärente Strömungsstrukturen zu identifizieren, die mit der Schallentstehung und -ausbreitung zusammenhängen. Hierbei konnte gezeigt werden, dass zu unterschiedliche Flügelstellungen bzw. Phasenwinkeln charakteristische Strömungsstrukturen auftreten, die verschiedenen Schallquellmechanismen zugeordnet werden können. Im Verlauf des Zyklusses des dynamischen Strömungsabrisses kommt es sowohl zu periodischen Wirbelablösungen an der Flügelhinterkante als auch zu großflächigen Ablösungen entlang der gesamten Profilsehne des Flügels, welche jeweils mit charakteristischen Eigengeräuschmechanismen im Zusammenhang stehen. Darüber hinaus konnten durch Variation der Konfigurationsparameter auffällige Veränderungen in der Geräuschemission identifizieren und quantifizieren werden., The subject of this thesis is the combined, experimental recording of the structures in a flow and the resulting sound radiation. The measurement methods used were Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), which is used to record fluctuations in the flow field within a light section plane, and microphones, which record pressure fluctuations in the acoustic far field. The synchronous detection allows the calculation of the cross-correlation between these two quantities, which provides insights into the mechanism of sound generation and propagation as well as the connection with the flow structures that occur. The main focus of the present work lies in the expansion of the knowledge space of this experimental procedure with regard to two aspects. On the one hand, it is examined to what extent the correlation results and quantities derived from them can be used to draw conclusions about the region of the sound sources, to track the propagation behavior of the acoustic particle velocity from the source region to the far field and to quantify the distribution of the acoustic intensity. For this purpose, experiments were carried out on rods exposed to a flow in an aeroacoustic wind tunnel, whereby the observation window of the PIV measurements could be traversed sequentially from the near field of the rods to the acoustic far field. Analytical models were used to compare the obtained cross-correlation results and to validate the scaled cross-correlation function as a proxy variable for the acoustic particle velocity. It could be shown that in those flow areas in which fluid dynamic processes play a subordinate role, the scaled cross-correlation function actually reflects the propagation behavior of the acoustic particle velocity. In areas with strong turbulent particle movements, on the other hand, the fluid dynamic fluctuations dominate, sometimes by several orders of magnitude, so that a clear separation of the purely acoustic processes is not possible. However, a clear connection of the coherent, periodically detaching flow structures in the wake of the rods with the sound emission and the transport or the convection of the acoustic information could be proven both experimentally and in comparison with the analytical models. In addition, the source region of the acoustic emissions could be identified by means of a generalized intensity analysis based on the scaled cross-correlation function. On the other hand, the influence of the additional degree of freedom of the periodic movement of an oscillating airfoil in a flow on the cross-correlation results is investigated. This experiment was intended to clarify whether the synchronous measurement technology is capable of identifying coherent flow structures that are related to the generation and propagation of sound, despite constantly changing flow conditions. It could be shown that characteristic flow structures occur for different airfoil positions or phase angles, which can be assigned to different sound source mechanisms. In the course of the dynamic stall cycle, there are both periodic vortex shedding at the trailing edge of the airfoil and large-scale shedding along the entire chord of the airfoil, each of which is associated with characteristic self-noise mechanisms. Furthermore, conspicuous changes in the noise emission could be identified and quantified by varying the configuration parameters.
- Published
- 2022
21. Analysis of Inorganic Nanoparticles by Single-particle Inductively Coupled Plasma Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry
- Author
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Lyndsey Hendriks, Alexander Gundlach-Graham, and Detlef Günther
- Subjects
Matrix effects ,Nanoparticles ,Single-particle icpms ,Size distribution ,Time-of-flight mass spectrometry ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Due to the rapid development of nanotechnologies, engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) and nanoparticles (ENPs) are becoming a part of everyday life: nanotechnologies are quickly migrating from laboratory benches to store shelves and industrial processes. As the use of ENPs continues to expand, their release into the environment is unavoidable; however, understanding the mechanisms and degree of ENP release is only possible through direct detection of these nanospecies in relevant matrices and at realistic concentrations. Key analytical requirements for quantitative detection of ENPs include high sensitivity to detect small particles at low total mass concentrations and the need to separate signals of ENPs from a background of dissolved elemental species and natural nanoparticles (NNPs). To this end, an emerging method called single-particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (sp-ICPMS) has demonstrated great potential for the characterization of inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) at environmentally relevant concentrations. Here, we comment on the capabilities of modern sp-ICPMS analysis with particular focus on the measurement possibilities offered by ICP-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ICP-TOFMS). ICP-TOFMS delivers complete elemental mass spectra for individual NPs, which allows for high-throughput, untargeted quantitative analysis of dispersed NPs in natural matrices. Moreover, the multi-element detection capabilities of ICP-TOFMS enable new NP-analysis strategies, including online calibration via microdroplets for accurate NP mass quantification and matrix compensation.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Particle-Image-Velocimetry zur strömungsmechanischen Analyse des thrombogenen Potentials von Transkatheter-Aortenklappenprothesen.
- Author
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Borowski, Finja, Kaule, Sebastian, Oldenburg, Jan, Schmitz, Klaus-Peter, Öner, Alper, and Stiehm, Michael
- Subjects
AORTIC valve ,PARTICLE image velocimetry ,THROMBOSIS ,WORKING fluids ,FEASIBILITY studies ,PROSTHETICS - Abstract
Copyright of Technisches Messen is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Optimierung eines 2D aktiven Gitters für Aerodynamikexperimente mit Particle Image Velocimetry
- Author
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Simon Meckelnborg and Simon Meckelnborg
- Subjects
- Continuum mechanics, Physics
- Abstract
Die Ursprünge von aerodynamischen Lasten an den Rotorblättern einer Anlage sind vielfältig und komplex und können zu Betriebsschwierigkeiten und Beschädigungen von Komponenten einer Anlage führen. Ein hierbei herausstechender Effekt ist der dynamische Strömungsabriss am Rotorblatt, welcher durch unbeständige Einströmbedingungen an eben diesen erzeugt wird. Durch einen Strömungsabriss dieser Art kommt es zu variierenden Kräften am Rotorblatt, welche die zu erwartenden Lasten deutlich übersteigen. Es ist also von großem Interesse, die Vorgänge an einem Flügelprofil bei auftretendem dynamischen Strömungsabriss zu verstehen. In diesem Buch wird gezeigt, wie ein 2D aktives Gitter optimiert wird, um dieses 2D aktive Gitter in einem Versuchsaufbau für dynamische Strömungsabrissexperiemente zu werden. Darauf aufbauend wurden Aerodynamikexperimente an einem NACA0006 Flügelprofil mit Kraft- und Particle Image Velocimetry Messungen durchgeführt, welche den Zusammenhang zwischen der Aerodynamik am Flügelprofil und den am Flügelprofil wirkenden Kräften aufzeigen.
- Published
- 2024
24. Beschreibung von Trennoperationen mit mehrdimensionalen Partikeleigenschaftsverteilungen.
- Author
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Buchwald, Thomas, Ditscherlein, Ralf, and Peuker, Urs A.
- Subjects
- *
PARTICLE size distribution , *PARTITION functions , *CLASSIFICATION - Abstract
Particle size distributions (PSDs) define the description of particle systems and of their separation processes in mechanical process engineering. Modern analytical methods, in particular image analysis, and their combination with material‐specific analytics record additional geometric and material parameters of particles. Many of these particle properties, like particle size, are not constant but also distributed, leading to a multi‐dimensional particle property distribution that can be used to describe particle processes. Thus, it is possible to define a partition function that quantifies separation in multidimensional space. The multidimensional approaches can be simply reduced in their dimensionality, so that the known one‐dimensional distribution functions, e.g., a PSD, can be obtained as marginal distributions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Einfluss der Korngrößenverteilungen nichtbindiger homogener Böden auf hydraulischen Grundbruch
- Author
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Koltuk, Serdar, Song, Jie, Fernandez-Steeger, Tomas M., and Azzam, Rafig
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Elementary Informational Structures of Particle Physics and their Relation to Quantum Mechanics and Space-Time
- Author
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Smilga, Walter
- Subjects
Physics - General Physics - Abstract
Bohr's dictum "Physical phenomena are observed relative to different experimental setups" is applied to a set of binary elements that represent the smallest units of information. A description relative to "macroscopic" setups of such elements is formulated. This requires the introduction of a Hilbert space formalism. It is shown, that the Hilbert space is symmetric with respect to the de Sitter group SO(3,2). For macroscopic setups SO(3,2) is approximated by the Poincare group. A space-time manifold is obtained that expresses the orientation of macroscopic setups relative to each other. Individual binary elements can then be given a "position" relative to macroscopic reference frames. To an observer binary elements will then exhibit properties of massive particles. This informational approach to particle physics determines a mass scale, delivers interaction terms for all four interactions and is, in principle, capable of fixing coupling constants and masses. Despite its simplicity it forms a promising basis for a theoretical model that leads beyond the standard model., Comment: 16 pages, in German, presented at the spring meeting 2005 of the German Physical Society, Berlin, 4.-9. March 2005
- Published
- 2005
27. Experimentelle Charakterisierung von Aortenaneurysmen mittels Magnetic Particle Imaging unter Verwendung von 3D-gedruckten Modellen
- Author
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Schmitzberger, Florian
- Subjects
aortic aneurysms ,magnetic nanoparticles ,Magnetic Particle Imaging ,600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::610 Medizin und Gesundheit::610 Medizin und Gesundheit - Abstract
Einleitung Die Magnetpartikelbildgebung (Magnetic Particle Imaging, MPI) ist eine neuartige, strahlenfreie, dreidimensionale bildgebende Modalit��t wobei magnetische Nanopartikel (Tracer) in hoher Aufl��sung dargestellt werden k��nnen. Wir untersuchten hierbei das Potenzial der ersten kommerziell erh��ltlichen MPI-Scanner f��r weitere Experimente und m��gliche klinische Anwendungen zur Darstellung von Aortenaneurysmen. Methodik Mehrere in-vitro Experimente wurden mit zwei verschiedenen MPI Ger��ten (Scannern) durchgef��hrt. In einem Scanner wurde eine separate Empf��ngerspule eingebaut. Wir untersuchten die Bildgebung der Scanner. Gerade Silikonschl��uche mit Innendurchmessern von 1 oder 2 mm wurden als Modelle verwendet und mit Resovist�� (Ferucarbotran), magnetischen Nanopartikeln in unterschiedlichen Konzentrationen von 1, 5, 25, 250 und 500 mmol/l, gef��llt. Zur Darstellung von Aortenaneurysmen im Tiermodell wurden 3D-gedruckte Kaninchen- (ohne Aneurysma) und M��usemodelle (mit Aortenaneurysma) erstellt. Die M��usemodelle wurden in Originalskalierung und vergr����ert (Faktor x1,5 und x2) hergestellt und mit Resovist-Konzentrationen gef��llt. Ein erstes in-vivo Experiment mit diesem Scanner wurde an einer Maus durchgef��hrt, um die Verteilung des Tracers im zeitlichen Verlauf und die M��glichkeit der Darstellung der Aorta zu untersuchen. Rekonstruktionen wurden mit dem Kaczmarz-Algorithmus durchgef��hrt. Resultate In den geraden Silikonschl��uchen mit Innendurchmesser von 1 und 2 mm war die Morphologie ab einer Konzentration von 25 mmol/l deutlich erkenntlich. F��r den Scanner mit separater Empf��ngerspule waren Konzentrationen von 5 mmol/ml 13 teilweise erkenntlich. Zwei anliegende Schl��uche mit Innendurchmesser von 1 und 2 mm Wanddicke konnten bei 5 mmol/l unterschieden werden. Die Darstellung der Kaninchenaorta war m��glich, die Morphologie war ersichtlich. Die Darstellung der M��usaortenmodelle in Skalierungen x1, x1,5 und x2 war ab einer Konzentration von 25 mmol/l oder h��her deutlich ersichtlich. Das in-vivo Experiment erlaubte die problemlose zeitlich und r��umliche Darstellung der M��useaorta. Diskussion Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen die vergleichbare und ad��quate Leistung der untersuchten pr��klinischen MPI Ger��te und moderate Verbesserung der Bildgebung mit separater Empf��ngerspule. Sie zeigen die notwendigen Voraussetzungen f��r weitere in-vivo Experimente zur Erforschung von medizinischen Anwendungen wie der Darstellung von Aortenaneurysmen., Magnetic Particle Imaging (MPI) is a novel radiation-free, three-dimensional imaging modality that visualizes magnetic nanoparticles (tracers) with a high temporal resolution. We examined the suitability of the first commercially available MPI-scanners for experiments and clinical applications, particularly the imaging of aortic aneurysms. Methods A series of in-vitro experiments were performed with two preclinical MPI scanners. In one scanner, a prototype signal receiver coil was installed. We compare the imaging performance offered by the old and new hardware designs. Straight silicone tubes with internal diameters of either 1 mm or 2 mm were used as imaging phantoms. These were filled with Resovist�� (Ferucarbotran) nanoparticles at concentrations of 1, 5, 25, 50, 250 and 500 mmol/l. To demonstrate the capabilities of the studied MPI scanners for use in animal models, 3D-printed models of rabbit aortas without aneurysms and mice aortas with abdominal aneurysms were produced. Mice models were printed in their original size and scaled by factors of 1.5 and 2.0. A first in-vivo experiment with a mouse on this scanner was performed to evaluate the temporal distribution of the tracer and to assess its ability to visualize the aorta. Reconstructions were performed using the Kaczmarz algorithm. Results For the straight-tube models of both 1 and 2 mm internal diameter, morphology was clearly visible for reconstructed MPI images at concentrations of 25 mmol/l or higher. For the upgraded scanner, concentrations as low as 5 mmol/l were suitable for imaging, depending on model sizes. It was possible to distinguish twoadjacent tubes of 1 mm internal diameter and 1 or 2 mm wall-thickness each, at tracer concentrations of 5 mmol/l. Imaging the rabbit aortic model served as a proof of concept, morphology was easily visible. Imaging the aortic aneurysm models at magnifications of 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0, all scanners were able to visualize the vessel clearly at concentrations of 25 mmol/l and higher. The in-vivo experiment allowed the temporal and spatial visualization of the mice aorta without difficulty. Discussion These results show comparable and adequate performance of these available preclinical MPI scanners and moderately improved visualizations after modification with a separate receiver-coil. They also demonstrate the required capabilities of existing MPI systems for in-vivo experiments examining clinical problems such as visualizing aortic aneurysms.
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- 2022
28. [Movement of a fluvial particle under the influence of coherent structures].
- Author
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Sindelar C, Schobesberger J, Gold T, Reiterer K, Worf D, Hauer C, and Habersack H
- Abstract
In a fundamental study the influence of coherent structures on the incipient motion of single fluvial grain was experimentally investigated. To fully characterize coherent structures, the three-dimensional velocity field must be known with high temporal resolution. Using a tr-3D PTV system (tr = time-resolved, PTV = particle tracking velocimetry) this could be achieved. The influence of hairpin vortices and counter-rotating longitudinal vortices (VLSM) on sediment transport has been postulated in several studies, but due to the missing 3D information, evidence has been lacking. In the present "Rolling Stones test series", the incipient motion of a single grain was investigated for smooth and rough beds. It could be shown for the first time that both hairpin vortices and VLSM trigger particle entrainment. Hairpin vortices could also be detected on rough beds, contrary to common hypotheses, and triggered particle movement. The long-term study should also find practical applications in the coming years and increase the accuracy of sediment transport calculations in rivers., (© The Author(s) 2023.)
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- 2023
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29. Experimentelle und numerische Untersuchung der Partikelströmung in Absaugsystemen
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Friesenecker, Patrick, Kahrimanovic, Damir, Wierink, Gijsbert, Bürgler, Thomas, and Adam, Karl
- Published
- 2018
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30. Single-particle tracking von GPCRs
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Franken, Sebastian, Bussmann, Hendrik, Häberlein, Hanns, Bonke, Erik, and End, Caroline
- Published
- 2020
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31. Radiotherapie mittels geladener Teilchen: Das Heidelberger Ionenstrahl-Therapiezentrum (HIT) und aktuelle klinische Daten zur Teilchentherapie
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Münter, Marc W., Jensen, Alexandra D., and Debus, Jürgen
- Published
- 2010
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32. Partikeltherapie reduziert das Auftreten von Zweittumoren nach Prostatabestrahlung
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Geismar, Dirk
- Published
- 2019
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33. Ermittlung partikelspezifischer Koeffizienten für die Partikel-Gas-Wechselwirkungen beim Plasmaspritzen.
- Author
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Bobzin, Kirsten, Wietheger, Wolfgang, Heinemann, Hendrik, and Alkhasli, Ilkin
- Subjects
METAL spraying ,GRANULAR flow ,PARTICLE tracks (Nuclear physics) ,TEMPERATURE effect ,VELOCITY ,DRAG coefficient ,PARTICLE acceleration - Abstract
Copyright of Thermal Spray Bulletin is the property of DVS Media GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
34. Innovative Techniken und Partikeltherapie: Stellenwert für krebskranke Kinder
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Dieckmann, K. and Timmermann, B.
- Published
- 2011
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35. Teilchenstrahltherapie in der Radioonkologie
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Kummer, Berit, Makocki, Sebastian, Krause, Mechthild, and Troost, Esther G. C.
- Published
- 2017
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36. Benefit-Risk Assessment of Diesel Particle Filters (DPFs): An Analytical and a Toxicological Challenge
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Norbert Heeb, Jan Czerwinski, Yan Zimmerli, Lukas Emmenegger, Kerstin Zeyer, Peter Honegger, Markus Zennegg, Adrian Wichser, Cornelia Seiler, Peter Schmid, Regula Haag, and Andreas Mayer
- Subjects
Diesel particle filters ,Genotoxicity ,Heavy duty vehicles ,Nitro-pahs ,Pahs ,Pcdd/fs ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Published
- 2015
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37. Modellierung der Einwirkungen granularer Massenbewegungen auf Rückhaltebauwerke mithilfe des Particle Flow Codes (PFC)
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Dornetshuber, Fabian
- Subjects
Massenbewegungen ,Particle Flow Code (PFC) ,Particle Flow Codes (PFC) ,retaining structures ,Rückhaltebauwerke ,mass movements - Abstract
In vielen vor allem gebirgigen Regionen der Erde stellen granulare Massenbewegungen (Massenströme), wie Felslawinen, Schuttströme und Muren, eine ständige Gefahr für Mensch und Infrastruktur dar. Eine gängige Praxis, um die Gefahr durch solche granularen Massenbewegungen zu minimieren, ist der Bau von Schutzbauwerken, wie etwa Schutzdämme. Für die Dimensionierung solcher Bauwerke ist es erforderlich die Einwirkung durch die Sturzmasse abzuschätzen. Zur genaueren Berechnung dieser Einwirkung, welche die Interaktion zwischen Rückhaltebauwerk und Sturzmasse miteinbezieht, existieren derzeit noch keine etablierten Verfahren. Berechnungsverfahren auf Basis der Diskreten-Element-Methode (DEM) (Cundall 1971), bei denen die Sturzmasse mithilfe von diskreten Partikeln modelliert wird, wie etwa der Particle Flow Code (PFC) der Itasca Consulting Group, stellen vielversprechende Ansätze dar.Diese Arbeit untersucht die Eignung des Particle Flow Codes (PFC) anhand einer Rückrechnung, die auf einem an der Universität Innsbruck durchgeführten Modellversuch basiert. (Berger & Wimmer 2020) Bei diesem Versuch wurde das Verhalten von fließfähigen gravitativen Massenbewegungen auf Bauwerke untersucht. Dabei wurde für mehrere Rutschenneigungen, die Einwirkung auf eine Barriere, für unterschiedliche Materialen (Stahlkugeln, Sand, Mixtur) gemessen.Dieser Versuch wurde mittels PFC3D nachgebildet. Das PFC-Modell wurde für eine Rutschenneigung von 30,2° kalibriert, und anschließend wurde diese Kalibrierung auf mehrere in dem Modellversuch untersuchten Neigungen angewendet. Durch einen Vergleich der dynamischen und statischen Einwirkung des numerischen und des physikalischen Modells wurde die Eignung der DEM (PFC) bewertet. Das generelle Prozessverhalten konnte gut abgebildet werden. Allerdings mussten bei der PFC Berechnung einige Modifikationen vorgenommen werden, um die gewünschten Resultate zu erzielen. Eine rein viskose (geschwindigkeitsproportionale) Kontaktdämpfung reichte nicht aus, um das beobachtete Prozessverhalten nachzubilden. Es musste zusätzlich eine lokale (beschleunigungsproportionale) Dämpfung angesetzt werden. Weiters waren für die Kalibrierung der Kontaktsteifigkeiten, für das verwendete Kontaktmodell mehrere Iterationen von Nöten, um das gewünschte Berechnungsziel zu erreichen.Bei der durchgeführten Untersuchung hat sich herausgestellt, dass es mit PFC möglich ist, die Interaktion eines Sturzprozesses mit einer Barriere zu simulieren und die daraus resultierenden Einwirkungen zu berechnen., In many regions of the world, especially in mountainous areas, granular mass movements (mass flows), such as rock avalanches, debris flows and mudflows, pose a constant threat to people and infrastructure. A common practice to minimize the danger from such granular mass movements is the construction of protective structures, such as protective dams. For the di-mensioning of such structures it is necessary to estimate the impact due to the mass of the fall. For a more precise calculation of this impact, which includes the interaction between the retaining structure and the fall mass, there are currently no established methods. Calculation methods based on the discrete element method (DEM) (Cundall 1971), in which the lintel mass is modeled using discrete particles, such as the Particle Flow Code (PFC) of the Itasca Con-sulting Group, represent promising approaches.This paper investigates the suitability of the Particle Flow Code (PFC) using a back-calculation based on a model experiment conducted at the University of Innsbruck. (Berger & Wimmer 2020) In this experiment, the behavior of flowable gravitational mass movements on structures was investigated. Thereby, the impact on a barrier was measured for several slide inclinations for different materials (steel balls, sand, mixture).This test was modeled using PFC3D. The PFC model was calibrated for a slide inclination of 30.2°, and then this calibration was applied to several inclinations investigated in the model test. By comparing the dynamic and static action of the numerical and physical models, the suitability of the DEM (PFC) was evaluated.The general process behavior could be reproduced well. However, some modifications had to be made in the PFC calculation to achieve the desired results. A purely viscous (velocity-pro-portional) contact damping was not sufficient to reproduce the observed process behavior. A local (acceleration-proportional) damping had to be applied additionally. Furthermore, several iterations were necessary to calibrate the contact stiffnesses for the contact model used to achieve the desired calculation goal.In the investigation carried out, it was found that with PFC it is possible to simulate the inter-action of a fall process with a barrier and to calculate the resulting impacts.
- Published
- 2021
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38. Partikelkrankheit: Ist die Tribologie ein Thema in der Revisionschirurgie?
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Elke, R.
- Published
- 2001
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39. Erratum zu „Single-particle tracking von GPCRs‟
- Author
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Franken, Sebastian, Bussmann, Hendrik, Häberlein, Hanns, Bonke, Erik, and End, Caroline
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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40. Improving Particle Sorting using Style-Transferred Synthetic Images.
- Author
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Jin, Muen, Wezstein, Simon, Chu, Anqi, and Heizmann, Michael
- Subjects
CONVOLUTIONAL neural networks ,THREE-dimensional imaging ,CLASSIFICATION - Abstract
Copyright of Technisches Messen is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Modeling of changes in particle size distribution of solids in multistage separation systems
- Author
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Lagereva E.A.
- Subjects
gas flow ,separation ,multistage separation system ,solids ,disperse composition ,the fraction ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
The presented method of calculation of the separation of solid particles from gas streams to multistage separation sys-tems, consisting of a number of sequentially installed separational devices of various design and principle of operation. It is based on a separate analysis of the sequential processes of capture and transmission of individual fractions of solid particles of a polydisperse structure. The technique provides information about changes in particle size distribution of solids with the passage of the gas flow in the treatment system and allows you to specifically select the effective combination of different types of separators.
- Published
- 2016
42. Epistemological Problems of Quantum Mechanics Following Ernst Cassirer and Richard Hönigswald
- Author
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Reinhold Breil
- Subjects
observation ,experiment ,causality ,copenhagen interpretation ,quantum mechanics ,quantum objects ,measurement ,methodological determinacy of knowledge ,fact and principle ,theory of experience ,theory and view ,transcendental philosophy ,wave-particle dualism ,Philosophy. Psychology. Religion - Abstract
This article deals with the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics and its epistemological discussion by Ernst Cassirer and Richard Hönigswald. The starting point is Cassirer's treatise Determinism and Indeterminism in Modern Physics, published in Stockholm. Both philosophers and several physicists were involved in the subsequent exchange of letters. From a physical point of view, the Copenhagen interpretation was particularly criticised by v. Laue and Einstein. Both demanded a revision of the foundations of quantum mechanics or a critical examination of essential physical concepts. The epistemological implications of the Copenhagen interpretation were rejected, in particular that the interactions between observation, the observed and the observer in quantum physics experiments should lead to a renunciation of the concept of causality or an objectively unambiguous description of natural processes. Cassirer argues here that quantum mechanics fulfils the epistemological requirement of transforming ontological “concepts of things” into epistemological concepts of relations and is therefore compatible with the neo-critical approach he advocates. At the same time, Hönigswald was working on two major treatises on the structure of physics and the concept of causality. Here he undertakes an epistemological foundation of physics as a whole. A transcendental foundation of the concept of experience and its specifications in principles such as contemplation, observation or experiment appears to be called for. Hönigswald therefore essentially rejects the Copenhagen interpretation, as it draws epistemological consequences by physical means and thus inadmissibly reverses the transcendentally necessary relations of justification. These arguments are examined and could be used for a current discussion on the epistemological foundations of quantum mechanics and physics as a whole. A post-Neo-Kantian, transcendental philosophical foundation of scientific knowledge, especially of modern physics, seems possible and necessary.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Histopathologischer Partikelalgorithmus: Partikelidentifikation in der Synovialis und in der SLIM
- Author
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Krenn, V., Thomas, P., Thomsen, M., Kretzer, J.P., Usbeck, S., Scheuber, L., Perino, G., Rüther, W., v Welser, R., Hopf, F., and Huber, M.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
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44. Elektronenmikroskopische Partikelanalyse im Lungenstaub nach Edelstahlschweißrauchexpositionen
- Author
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Walter, D., Haibel, N., Brückel, B., and Schneider, J.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Zur Simulation der Zerstäubung flüssigen Kraftstoffs mit der Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Methode
- Author
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Samuel Braun and Samuel Braun
- Abstract
Eine wichtige Zielstellung bei der Entwicklung moderner Flugtriebwerke ist die weitere Steigerung der Effizienz bei gleichzeitiger Reduktion von Schadstoffemissionen und Lärm. Hierfür müssen neue und innovative Brennkammerkonzepte entwickelt und validiert werden, da die Art der Verbrennungsführung und die Positionierung der Flamme in der Brennkammer die Emissionscharakteristiken entscheidend bestimmt. Die Verbrennungsführung wiederum wird maßgeblich durch die Zerstäubung des flüssigen Kraftstoffs beeinflusst. Bisher war jedoch der Vorgang der Primärzerstäubung des Brennstoffes einer vollständigen numerischen Beschreibung nicht zugänglich. Die große Spanne unterschiedlicher Längenskalen der Gas- und Flüssigphase während des Zerfallsprozesses bedingt einen immensen numerischen Aufwand, der durch die Notwendigkeit der physikalisch exakten Beschreibung der Grenzfläche zwischen den beiden Phasen und den dort vorherrschenden Phänomenen und Prozessen noch zusätzlich erhöht wird. Im vorliegenden Forschungsbericht wendet der Autor die relativ junge numerische Methode Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) erstmals für die Berechnung des Primärzerfalls von Brennstoff in luftgestützten Zerstäuberdüsen an. Ein Schwerpunkt der Arbeit liegt auf der Steigerung der numerischen Leistungsfähigkeit der SPH Methode im Vergleich zu klassischen gitterbasierten Verfahren. Weiterhin wird auf Aspekte der Implementierung eingegangen, welche den erfolgreichen Einsatz der Methode auf modernen Hochleistungsrechnern ermöglichen. Ein weiterer Schwerpunkt der Arbeit liegt auf der Validierung des Verfahrens mit Hilfe von am Institut für Thermische Strömungsmaschinen vorhandenen detaillierten Messergebnissen einer generischen planaren Zerstäuberdüse. Sowohl die Validierungsergebnisse als auch die numerische Leistungsfähigkeit unterstreichen das hohe Potential von SPH zur numerischen Berechnung komplexer Mehrphasenströmungen mit starker Phasenwechselwirkung
- Published
- 2018
46. Neue Dimension für die Online-Prozesskontrolle: Online-Messtechnik für die Echtzeit-Analyse von industriellen Prozess-Suspensionen.
- Author
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Johannes, Holubec
- Subjects
OPTICAL measurements ,MANUFACTURING processes ,PARTICLE size distribution ,IMAGE analysis ,AIR analysis ,PAPER industry - Abstract
Copyright of Wochenblatt für Papierfabrikation is the property of dfv Mediengruppe and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. The principle of particle therapy on low grade gliomas
- Author
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Shedieda, Amany
- Subjects
Particle Therapy ,Protonentherapie ,Protontherapy ,Low Grade Glioma ,Photonentherapie ,Partikeltherapie ,niedriggradige Gliom ,Photontherapy - Abstract
Zweck: Gliome zählen weltweit zu den dritthäufigsten Hirntumoren bei Erwachsenen und zu den zweithäufigsten Tumoren bei Kindern. Die niedergradigen malignen Gliome sind Tumore, die sich aus bösartigen veränderten Zellen des Zentralnervensystems (ZNS) bilden. Diese Arbeit analysiert die Protonentherapie für Gliome im Gehirn im Allgemeinen sowie die signifikanten Vorteile und Nachteile dieser Therapiemodalität im Speziellen. Die Eigenschaften und die Auswirkungen der Protonentherapie werden hierbei mit der Photonentherapie verglichen, um so die Unterschiede aufzuzeigen. Abschließend werden die durch die Partikeltherapie bzw. die Photonentherapie auftretenden späten Nebenwirkungen aufgelistet und miteinander verglichen Methoden: Eine systematische Literaturrecherche mit geeigneten Keywords wurde in den verschiedenen Datenbanken, wie Science Direct, Pubmed, Journal of Clinical Oncology oder International Journal of Radiation Oncology – Biology –Physics, durchgeführt. Es werden Studien, Zeitschriften und fachspezifische Literatur verwendet. Bei den Studien, die sich mit den späten Nebenwirkungen beschäftigen, wurde auf Aktualität geachtet (Publikation innerhalb der letzten fünf Jahre). Ergebnisse: Mit der Protonentherapie ist es möglich Zielgebiete in der Nähe von Risikoorganen präziser zu behandeln als mit der Photonentherapie. Das ist durch radiobiologische und physikalische Eigenschaften begründet, wie etwa einem Tiefendosisverlauf mit Bragg Peak. Dadurch ist es möglich, die Strahlenbelastung am gesunden Gewebe zu senken und Risikoorgane zu schonen. Die Protonentherapie führt zur geringen Belastung gesunder Körperzellen und daher zu einer geringeren Rate an Nebenwirkungen. Diskussion: Aufgrund der Einschränkungen der Protonentherapie, hinsichtlich technischem Aufwand und Kosten, ist sie nur für eine limitierte Anzahl an Patient*innen verfügbar. Die gefundene Literatur zum Vergleich der späten Nebenwirkungen kann nur eingeschränkt Aussagen treffen. Zum einen, weil nur sehr wenige Studien gefunden wurden, die einen direkten Vergleich beider Therapiemodalitäten zeigen und zum anderen wegen limitierter Patient*innenanzahl bzw. eher kurzen Follow-Up Zeiträumen der Studien. Purpose: Gliomas are among the third most common brain tumors in adults and the second most common tumors in children worldwide. Low-grade malignant gliomas are tumors that develop from malignant altered cells of the central nervous system (CNS). This thesis analyses proton therapy for gliomas in the brain in general and the significant advantages and disadvantages of this treatment modality in particular. It compares the properties and effects of proton therapy with photon therapy in order to show the differences. Furthermore, the late side effects of particle therapy and photon therapy are listed and compared Methods: A systematic literature review with adequate keywords was performed in different databases, such as Science Direct, Pubmed, Journal of Clinical Oncology or International Journal of Radiation Oncology - Biology -Physics. Studies, journals and subject-specific literature are included. In the studies dealing with late side effects, attention was paid to actuality (publication date within the last five years). Results: With proton therapy it is possible to treat target areas near organs at risk more precisely compared to photon therapy. This is due to radiobiological and physical properties, such as a dose curve including a Bragg Peak. Thus, it is possible to reduce the radiation exposure on healthy tissue and to spare risk organs. Proton therapy leads to a low exposure of healthy body tissue and consequently to a lower rate of side effects. Discussion: Due to the limitations of proton therapy in terms of technical effort and costs, it is only available for a limited number of patients. The findings on the comparison of late side effects combined dont allow for in-deep conclusions. Firstly, because very few studies have been found which show a direct comparison of both therapy modalities and secondly, because of the limited number of patients and the rather short follow-up periods of the studies.
- Published
- 2020
48. Probing Colloidal Particle Aggregation by Light Scattering
- Author
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Gregor Trefalt, Istvan Szilagyi, Tamas Oncsik, Amin Sadeghpour, and Michal Borkovec
- Subjects
Coagulation ,Latex particles ,Light scattering ,Multivalent ions ,Particle aggregation ,Simple ions ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
The present article reviews recent progress in the measurement of aggregation rates in colloidal suspensions by light scattering. Time-resolved light scattering offers the possibility to measure absolute aggregation rate constants for homoaggregation as well as heteroaggregation processes. We further discuss the typical concentration dependencies of the aggregation rate constants on additives. Addition of simple salts containing monovalent counterions leads to screening of the electrostatic repulsion of the charged particles and a transition from slow to rapid aggregation. Addition of salts containing multivalent counterions may lead to a charge reversal, which results in a sequence of two instability regions. Heteroaggregation rates between oppositely charged particles decrease with increasing salt level. This decrease is caused by screening of the electrostatic attraction between these particles.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Ein Beitrag zur experimentellen Untersuchung hybrider Filterzyklone für die Partikelabscheidung aus Gasen
- Author
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Emmrich, J. and Wozniak, G.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Strömung von Granulaten in Zentrifugal-Partikelreceivern. Granular Flow in Centrifugal Particle Receivers
- Author
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David Maximilian Trebing
- Subjects
direkt absorbierende Receiver (DAR) ,Solarthermische Kraftwerke mit Strahlungsbündelung (CSP) ,particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) ,Solarturmkraftwerke ,Partikelreceiver - Abstract
Zentrifugal-Partikelreceiver stellen eine neuartige Komponente für die konzentrierende solare Energiegestehung (CSP) dar. Sie werden in punktfokussierenden CSP-Kraftwerken eingesetzt und gehören - im Gegensatz zu den bereits im Markt befindlichen indirekt absorbierenden Rohrreceivern - der Gruppe der direktabsorbierenden Receiver an. Als Wärmeträgermedium wird hierbei Granulat genutzt, wie beispielsweise Bauxit-Proppants. Bauxit als Wärmeträgermedium ermöglicht höhere Prozesswirkungsgrade aufgrund von höheren Anwendungstemperaturen als in aktuell kommerziell eingesetzten, indirekt absorbierenden Systemen. Gleichzeitig ist Bauxit-Granulat als Wärmespeichermedium einsetzbar, da es besonders kostengünstig ist. Das Potential des Zentrifugal-Partikelreceiver wurde bereits erfolgreich in einem 15kWth Laborreceiver am Deutschen Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. bewiesen. Darauf aufbauend verfolgt diese Arbeit das Ziel, die Strömungsmechanik von fließenden Granulaten zu modellieren.
- Published
- 2020
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