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This study examines heritage language use and identity construction of two Korean-American bilingual adolescents who have acquired a high level of proficiency in the heritage language. An analysis of the interview narratives showed that the high level of their heritage language proficiency played a crucial role in understanding the heritage culture and its people, developing a strong sense of self, and building social relationships with members of the heritage language and mainstream communities. In addition, it was found that their ethnic identities were co-constructed and reshaped over time not only by their individual choices but also by various sociocultural factors — the environment, their surroundings, and their relationships with others. However, although both participants agreed that their heritage language and culture were fundamental parts of their identities, the forces and processes that shaped each participant’s identities were different. One participant developed his dual identities by maintaining cultural boundaries and group differentiation whereas the other participant tried to combine two cultural characteristics in creating a new self, having invested in dual identities — Korean and American — which she would assume in the private and public spheres of her life, respectively. The findings shed light on the complex process of bilingual adolescents’ identity construction.

This study focuses on the musical style in Scarlatti’s sonata K. 288, as K. 288 has not yet been explored in detail in the Scarlatti scholarship. Not only the form, but also other musical elements, such as melody, harmony, and rhythm are being explored. Furthermore, irregular groupings are discussed. By examining some characteristics shown in K. 288, this paper shows Scarlatti’s ‘originality’ and contributes to discovering Scarlatti as “the interesting historical figure” (Sutcliffe 2003, 1). In addition to the analysis, the scope of this paper was expanded by including a comparison with a contemporary pastiche composition by the author of this paper. This pastiche composition was written to emulate Scarlatti’s style, and this paper discusses the similarities and differences between the two pieces. In this way, theory and practice are combined, which would broaden the horizon of musicology and music theory. Therefore, this research would be of interest to not only musicologists but also musicians and composers.

Reporting on the experiences of four bilingual Korean-American university students enrolled in Korean language classes in Hawai‘i, this case study focuses on their identity development and voluntary efforts to achieve heritage language (HL) competence. According to the participants’ narratives, they all experienced regression in their HL abilities and language shift from Korean to English after entering school. However, they began to regain HL skills as adolescents, which was possible due both to their voluntary engagement with HL literacy and speaking practices and to the abundance of opportunities to learn and speak the HL in the home and community. Transnational connections with their heritage nation, including Korean media and visits to Korea, were key in motivating and facilitating their voluntary HL learning. Their narratives further show that the HL played an important role in the participants’ ability to construct a strong sense of ethnic identity, and that they tended to view themselves as part of two distinct cultures. They were connected to the norms and values of both the receiving country’s culture and the culture of their heritage nation. As second-generation immigrant children, they learned to utilize their bilingual and bicultural knowledge to navigate between the two cultures in a flexible manner, to construct situated identities, and to avoid conflicts and achieve collective identity, solidarity, and group membership. The study’s insights into the role of voluntary effort in HL learning and identity development have implications for HL education.

Recently, record-breaking heatwaves due to global warming and abnormal weather have occurred in the summer, and sales and usage of air conditioners are rapidly increasing. Air conditioners are widely used all over the world and are recently expanding to centralized management system air conditioners. There are many customers requesting repairs due to leaking air conditioner refrigerant. However, the problem of refrigerant leakage is difficult to repair because it is difficult to quickly and accurately determine whether there is leakage on site. Air conditioner refrigerant leakage occurs in various parts such as outdoor units, indoor units, and connecting pipes, and there are cases of leakage due to minute defects, making it difficult to clearly determine whether there is leakage. Research was conducted to develop a hybrid system so that immediate judgment on these issues could be made in the field. A refrigerant leak diagnosis method was studied based on an acoustic emission sensor, and a refrigerant leak diagnosis procedure and hybrid diagnosis system were developed to detect refrigerant leak signals for each air conditioner component in consideration of the characteristics of the UV gas detector and each inspection method. It is expected that field diagnosis of air conditioning systems can be effectively applied using the procedure and diagnosis system developed through this study

This study explores the everyday Otherness experienced by Southeast Asian marriage-migrant women in South Korea. South Korea is increasingly ethnically diverse due to the dramatic rise in international marriages between foreign women and Korean men, most of which are facilitated by marriage brokers. Yet little research has been conducted on marriage-migrants’ experiences of communicating with local Koreans. Drawing on data collected through in-depth interviews with five participants from Cambodia and Vietnam, this study focuses on specific factors that cause conflicts between these women and local Koreans in various social contexts, including the household, workplaces, and wider communities, and how the women respond to such conflicts and manage challenging interactions. The participants’ narratives demonstrate the tensions and conflicts they encounter, which can be divided into three categories: the imposition of Korean ways of living, negative stereotyping, and language use. The women describe being perceived as deviating from Korean society’s cultural and linguistic norms and facing pressure to conform to these norms, which sometimes conflict with their own sense of identity. In addition, they experience marginalization through Othering and negative stereotyping in their interactions with Koreans and struggle to develop a sense of belonging to the host society. The results of this study provide implications for second language programs designed for marriage-migrants, which have the potential to enable marriage-migrants to achieve sustainable development in their second language learning and to support their development of multilingual and multicultural identities.

Abstract Background In this study, we assessed the accuracy of genomic prediction for carcass weight (CWT), marbling score (MS), eye muscle area (EMA) and back fat thickness (BFT) in Hanwoo cattle when using genomic best linear unbiased prediction (GBLUP), weighted GBLUP (wGBLUP), and a BayesR model. For these models, we investigated the potential gain from using pre-selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on imputed sequence data and from gene expression information. We used data on 13,717 animals with carcass phenotypes and imputed sequence genotypes that were split in an independent GWAS discovery set of varying size and a remaining set for validation of prediction. Expression data were used from a Hanwoo gene expression experiment based on 45 animals. Results Using a larger number of animals in the reference set increased the accuracy of genomic prediction whereas a larger independent GWAS discovery dataset improved identification of predictive SNPs. Using pre-selected SNPs from GWAS in GBLUP improved accuracy of prediction by 0.02 for EMA and up to 0.05 for BFT, CWT, and MS, compared to a 50 k standard SNP array that gave accuracies of 0.50, 0.47, 0.58, and 0.47, respectively. Accuracy of prediction of BFT and CWT increased when BayesR was applied with the 50 k SNP array (0.02 and 0.03, respectively) and was further improved by combining the 50 k array with the top-SNPs (0.06 and 0.04, respectively). By contrast, using BayesR resulted in limited improvement for EMA and MS. wGBLUP did not improve accuracy but increased prediction bias. Based on the RNA-seq experiment, we identified informative expression quantitative trait loci, which, when used in GBLUP, improved the accuracy of prediction slightly, i.e. between 0.01 and 0.02. SNPs that were located in genes, the expression of which was associated with differences in trait phenotype, did not contribute to a higher prediction accuracy. Conclusions Our results show that, in Hanwoo beef cattle, when SNPs are pre-selected from GWAS on imputed sequence data, the accuracy of prediction improves only slightly whereas the contribution of SNPs that are selected based on gene expression is not significant. The benefit of statistical models to prioritize selected SNPs for estimating genomic breeding values is trait-specific and depends on the genetic architecture of each trait.

В первой половине XIX в. чай стал важнейшим товаром в кяхтинской торговле, составляя более 90 % от общего объема импорта. Россия увеличила импорт чая, чтобы удовлетворить растущий спрос. Одновременно страна увеличила экспорт меха, шерсти и хлопка. Британская торговля с Китаем в Гуанчжоу велась путем обмена чая на контрабандный опиум. Когда династия Цин попыталась искоренить торговлю опиумом, Великобритания развязала две войны и узаконила его торговлю. В статье показано, что незаконная торговля опиумом и военные провокации Великобритании оказали значительное влияние на политику, экономику и общество Китая, а также предопределили упадок кяхтинской торговли. Запрещенный опиум стал монопольным товаром для англичан, а экспортные товары России – за исключением серебра – не могли с ним конкурировать. Незаконная продажа опиума Великобританией увеличила его потребление в Китае. Это снизило покупательную способность китайцев, ухудшив условия сбыта российской экспортной продукции. В итоге именно торговля опиумом привела к дефициту серебра и повышению стоимости серебряных монет в Китае. Китайские купцы предпочитали серебро или серебряные монеты другим товарам при торговле с Россией. В результате российское правительство одобрило обмен серебра, фактически положив конец бартерной торговле через Кяхту.

Given the widespread use of touch screen devices, the effect of the users' fingers on information processing and learning is of growing interest. The present study drew on cognitive load theory and embodied cognition perspectives to investigate the effects of pointing and tracing gestures on the surface of a multimedia learning instruction. Learning performance, cognitive load and visual attention were examined in a one-factorial experimental design with the between-subject factor pointing and tracing gestures. The pointing and tracing group were instructed to use their fingers during the learning phase to make connections between corresponding text and picture information, whereas the control group was instructed not to use their hands for learning. The results showed a beneficial effect of pointing and tracing gestures on learning performance, a significant shift in visual attention and deeper processing of information by the pointing and tracing group, but no effect on subjective ratings of cognitive load. Implications for future research and practice are discussed.

Reseña de La opinión pública en la red: análisis pragmático de la voz de los ciudadanos de Ana Mancera Rueda y Ana Pano Alamán. Madrid/Frankfurt: IBEROAMERICANA-VERVUERT, 2020. ISBN: 978-84-9192-174-5, 272 páginas

Hochschulen sind dazu aufgerufen, bestehende Verhaltensweisen sowie etablierte Praktiken und Routinen unter dem Blickwinkel von Diversitätsmanagement und Inklusion (IDM) zu reflektieren und an die gesetzlichen Rahmenbedingungen anzupassen. Weicks (1995) Theorie des Sensemaking beschreibt anhand sieben sich wechselseitig bedingender Faktoren, wie Individuen mit neuen Umweltreizen umgehen und wie sie aus anfänglichen Irritationen Sinn generieren, die eine nachhaltige Verhaltensveränderung anstoßen können. Dieser Beitrag widmet sich dem komplexen Prozess der Sinnfindung unter Studienprogrammleitungen. Ziel des Beitrags ist es, besser zu verstehen, unter welchen Umständen eine nachhaltige Verhaltens-Veränderung möglich wird und inwiefern die mögliche Umsetzung gesamtorganisatorischer Ziele in einem ersten wesentlichen Schritt angestoßen werden kann.

The caddisfly materials collected by Hungarian zoologists during 25 collecting trips between the years of 1970 and 2016 in the Korean Peninsula was identified and compared when required with Eastern Palaearctic relatives. The appen-dicular genital terminology was adopted and applied to several representatives of Polyphorae taxa. We identified 95 caddisfly species, including 5 new records for the Korean Peninsula: Tinodes higashiyamanus Tsuda, 1942, Apatania yenchingensis Ulmer, 1932, Neophylax relictus (Martynov, 1935), Limnephilus quadratus Martynov, 1914, and Hydatophylax soldatovi (Martynov, 1914). We have described the following 12 species new to science: Plectrocnemia ussurica Oláh & Johanson sp. nov. (Russia); Psychomyia tompa Oláh & Johanson sp. nov. (Russia); Psychomyia vandor Oláh & Johanson sp. nov. (Russia); Agapetus vastag Oláh & Johanson sp. nov. (Russia); Agapetus vekon Oláh & Johanson sp. nov. (Russia); Neophylax goguriensis Oláh & Park sp. nov. (North Korea); Neophylax sillensis Park & Oláh sp. nov. (South Korea); Dicosmoecus coreanus Oláh & Park sp. nov. (South Korea); Dicosmoecus juliarum Oláh sp. nov. (Russia); Dicosmoecus mongolicus Oláh sp. nov. (Mongolia); Asynarchus mongolicus Oláh sp. nov. (Mongolia); Psilotreta kerka Oláh sp. nov. (North Korea).

There have been significantly increased reports of finding invasive quarantine pests with increasing import plants into Korea. Moreover, the efficacy and work safety issues have been reported regarding use of methyl bromide (MeBr) for fumigation of imported nursery plants. For replacement of MeBr use on imported plants, a new technology of using liquid ethyl formate has been registered in South Korea as FumateTM. The technology involved to mix ethyl format with nitrogen gas to form non-flamable ethyl format formulation. It has been evaluated on various imported plants. The FumateTM is recently developed and commercialized in Republic of Korea and Australia for quarantine treatments on fresh fruits, grains etc. Fumigation with FumateTM offers environmental-friendly and practically safe use of liquid ethyl formate. We have extended the use of liquid EF application technology to quarantine treatment of imported nursery plants.

As increased agricultural insecticide uses and trends in insecticide resistance, increased labor cost to apply insecticide and limited its application to fertility season in green house. There is a need of a safe, labor-saving and confined space application concept to manage control tiny-scale insect pest such as thrips and whitefly. Fumigation with ethyl formate (EF), which is considered as effective to various insect pest and safely use in quarantine treatment, was evaluated in the confined space (glass house) and semi-confined space (vinyl house). The new application technology for application of liquid EF could be the one of the key options for control of tiny flying insects in greenhouses that would save labor and operation costs. It could be connected to smartfarm technologies in the near future.

Relatively little is known about how ordinary non-Amish citizens interact with and perceive their Old Order Amish neighbors. This study used interpretive and semi-inductive approaches with in-depth interviews to describe and analyze interactions and perceptions of non-Amish research participants. Sixteen subjects were identified from purposive, snowball and theoretical sampling in a region near a sizeable, very tradition-minded Old Order settlement. All participants engaged in secondary relationships, while several individuals had intimate and enduring relationships with a small number of Amish individuals and families. While most participants perceived their Amish acquaintances and friends as honest, hard-working, caring and community-minded, some expressed negative views about racial and ethnic prejudice, rejection of safety devices, hygiene, sanitation and treatment of animals and an overly-restrictive culture. While no definitive conclusions were reached, negative perceptions were analyzed with attention to the preferred stance of cultural relativism for cross-cultural evaluation, while more universal human and animal rights considerations were also articulated.

This paper presents the design of a limiting amplifier with 1-to-3 fan-out implementation in a 0.13 µm SiGe BiCMOS technology and gives a detailed guideline to determine the circuit parameters of the amplifier for optimum high-frequency performance based on simplified gain estimations. The proposed design uses a Cherry-Hooper topology for bandwidth enhancement and is optimized for maximum group delay flatness to minimize phase distortion of the input signal. With regard to a high integration density and a small chip area, the design employs no passive inductors which might be used to boost the circuit bandwidth with inductive peaking. On a RLC-extracted post-layout simulation level, the limiting amplifier exhibits a gain-bandwidth-product of 14.6 THz with 56.6 dB voltage gain and 21.5 GHz 3 dB bandwidth at a peak-to-peak input voltage of 1.5 mV. The group delay variation within the 3 dB bandwidth is less than 0.5 ps and the power dissipation at a power supply voltage of 3 V including output drivers is 837 mW.

Abstract. This short article attempts to answer the question, what would be the best perimeter to launch a sustainable and successful innovation policy? Policy towards nuclear energy in France is the principle focus to provide a partial answer to the question. The example of the French nuclear industry, whose creation and management pertaining to a state initiative at the end of World War Two, provides a typical example of a sector-based development on innovation resulting from a long term tradition of state interventionism and public initiatives, which can be described as a high tech Colbertisme. Considering those difficulties faced by such a prominent national champion in an economic milieu, it is questionable whether or not the adoption of the Lisbon Agenda in support of innovation and of its wide diffusion was realistic. French nuclear operators within their national boundary have been characterised as quasi-monopoly for such a long period of time. However, it is questionable whether it was worthwhile for sustainable innovation, or to the contrary, it constituted mere a cumbersome obstacle constraining further marketable value creation. Pitelis’ comprehensive strategic model, – recognising government as an important actor as one of the determinants to sustainable value creation affecting both meso-and macro-environment at different time periods -, to some extent fills the theoretical gap in this area. Key words: French industrial policy, energy, nuclear, Colbertisme, state regulation.

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