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The article highlights the interest in the role of language variation in foreign language teaching. Topics discussed include ways in which Spanish textbooks have proven to be an abundant source for didactic, socio-cultural and linguistic issues; and use of textbooks at different levels, such as method, communication linguistic skills (grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation), content progression on intercultural competence.

Wood is an organic material, heterogeneous and hygroscopic which may present dimensional variation and deformation due to environment interaction. When moisture equilibrium between wood and atmospheric air is reached, in use or during drying, it is wood equilibrium moisture content (EMC). The wood presents high importance as raw material for Mato Grosso State. Them it becomes necessary to know the seasonality of the EMC. This study aimed to estimate the wood EMC by Simpson model for 30 cities in Mato Grosso State, Brazil, located in different regions of the socioeconomic and ecological zoning. Meteorological data from 2006 to 2012 were obtained from Automatic Weather Stations Network of the National Institute of Meteorology. EMC was estimated on daily databases to obtain monthly averages. EMC varied between 5.08 to 9.57% and 8.58% to 13.49% in the dry and rainy season, respectively. The higher EMC was observed from January to March. Wood dries naturally and faster due to environmental condition during dry season (June to September). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Forest Research / Pesquisa Florestal Brasileira is the property of Brazilian Journal of Forest Research / Pesquisa Florestal Brasileira and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Dieser Artikel untersucht die verschiedenen Varietäten des in Mittelamerika (mit Ausnahme von Belize) gesprochenen Spanisch und vergleicht sie mit dem von Nachrichtensprechern verwendeten Spanisch. Ziel ist es herauszufinden, ob diese Sprecher ihren eigenen regionalen oder nationalen Sprechweisen treu bleiben oder sich im Gegenteil eine neue Standardvarietät herausbildet. Die Studie ist qualitativ, empirisch und experimentell angelegt und dient als Pilotprojekt für zukünftige Forschungen. Der Schwerpunkt liegt dabei auf den phonetischen Merkmalen der Sprache. Zwischen Februar und März 2024 wurden Fernsehübertragungen, hauptsächlich nationale Nachrichtensendungen aus den jeweiligen Ländern, mit einer Gesamtdauer von zwei Stunden pro Land als Stichproben aufgezeichnet. Die Datenanalyse zielt darauf ab, die Art der Standardisierung zu identifizieren, die die Sprecher anstreben, und festzustellen, ob diese mit anderen Sprachnormen des Spanischen übereinstimmt oder von ihnen abweicht. Zu diesem Zweck wird die von R. Ávila (2003) entwickelte Klassifizierung des von professionellen Sprechern in verschiedenen Hauptstädten der hispanischen Welt gesprochenen Spanisch verwendet und der Frage nachgegangen, inwiefern sich das von zentralamerikanischen professionellen Sprechern verwendete Spanisch sich in dieser Klassifizierung wiederfindet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass das zentralamerikanische Spanisch zwar zur S1-Gruppe dieser Klassifizierung gehört, jedoch keiner der etablierten Normen professioneller Sprecher in der spanischsprachigen Welt entspricht. Dies deutet darauf hin, dass die zentralamerikanischen Nachrichtensprecher sich tendenziell an zwei neuen, geografisch bedingten phonetischen Unterkategorien orientieren. Darüber hinaus versucht die Studie, eine Beziehung zwischen der im Fernsehen gehörten Varietät des mittelamerikanischen Spanisch und den Einstellungen der Mittelamerikaner zu ihrer eigenen Sprache herzustellen.

The petrochemical industry heavily relies on steam reforming furnaces for large-scale hydrogen production. Centrifugally cast HP stainless-steel tubes constitute the majority of components in these furnaces, enduring temperatures ranging from 600 to 1000 ºC for extended periods. These tubes manifest distinct aging states, characterized by specific microstructural markers linked to the exposed wall temperature. Given their significant cost and importance, monitoring the service life of these tubes is crucial. The current aging state is particularly relevant due to the correlation between creep damage and advanced aging stages. Hence, this study aims to assist in assessing the remaining life of HP stainless-steel tubes by employing a portable Eddy Current Testing (ECT) inspection system, coupled with real-time Support Vector Machine (SVM) classification of aging states. Two 12.6-meter-long tubes, aged for 160,000 hours, underwent inspection using the portable ECT inspection system to evaluate the progression of aging states along their height, considering the expected vertical temperature gradient. Results underscore the efficacy of the SVM classification in identifying the various aging states present along the studied tubes, highlighting promising in situ applications.

El propósito de este artículo es analizar la forma en la que thriller e idiosincrasia cultural se combinan en tres películas españolas, Nadie conoce a nadie, Grupo 7 y Adiós, que transcurren íntegramente en Sevilla. Aunque estos filmes cumplen las reglas del género criminal, son permeados por el profundo bagaje que posee la capital andaluza en el imaginario colectivo. Con el fin de descifrar las claves de su representación, se parte de la propuesta de análisis textual del espacio como personaje de Casetti y Di Chio (1991), reformulada en Toscano-Alonso, Raya Bravo y Pacheco-Jiménez (2021), sin dejar de lado los tópicos del thriller, que acaban moldeando tres películas profundamente enraizadas en el género pero también arraigadas en la ciudad.

La opinión pública se construye, en gran medida, por el aporte que hacen los medios de comunicación al publicar los hechos relevantes y opiniones de diversos actores sociales sobre los temas de contingencia. La opinión se vehicula no solo en los géneros periodísticos de opinión –editoriales, columnas– sino también en las noticias, que transmiten los puntos de vista de periodistas acerca de los acontecimientos, así como las opiniones de actores sociales que acceden, directamente o a través de citas, al espacio público. Como una forma de conocer la orientación de la opinión en un debate público según la audiencia a la que se dirige, proponemos caracterizar el flujo de opinión en las noticias de dos diarios de una misma empresa. El flujo de opinión es entendido como el conjunto de puntos de vista emitidos sobre un mismo tema que circulan en los textos periodísticos. Elegimos los diarios El Mercurio y Las Últimas Noticias porque siendo de la misma empresa, El Mercurio S. A. P., están dirigidos a públicos diferentes: el primero dirigido a un público de clase alta y media-alta y el segundo a uno de clase baja y media-baja. Para delimitar el tema, elegimos el debate público generado por el cuestionamiento al sistema previsional chileno. Al respecto nos preguntamos: ¿Qué diferencias hay en el flujo de opinión presentado en las noticias de dos diarios con distintas audiencias pertenecientes a una misma empresa periodística frente al debate público sobre el sistema previsional? Es así que investigamos el flujo de opinión a través del análisis de cuatro niveles: cobertura, voces, problemáticas y tipos de encuadre que recibe la opinión. Los resultados nos muestran diferencias sistemáticas en el flujo de opinión que se ofrece a una y otra audiencia en los cuatro niveles estudiados.

In the petrochemical industry, steam reforming furnaces play a crucial role in large-scale hydrogen production. These furnaces are equipped with centrifugal cast HP-modified austenitic stainless-steel tubes, which are exposed to temperatures ranging from 600 to 1000ºC for extended periods. As a result, the wall temperature profile of these tubes exhibits a vertical gradient of distinct aging states, labelled as state I to VI in the literature, each characterized by specific microstructures. Given that the reformer tubes are expensive components of the furnace assembly, it is imperative to monitor their service life. Non-destructive testing is a vital tool for evaluating the structural integrity of industrial components. Hence, the objective of this study is to establish a real-time classification system for determining the aging states of HP-modified stainless-steel tubes using a non-destructive magnetic system and the machine learning technique Support Vector Machine (SVM). Two tubes, each measuring 12.6 meters in length, were removed from the same steam reforming furnace after 160,000 hours of service. The inspection was conducted using an eddy current hybrid probe adapted to an inspection vehicle, allowing for real-time data acquisition. The results demonstrated that the developed classification system was capable of accurately identifying the different aging states present along the studied tubes.

Pensar o habitar na contemporaneidade impõe compreender as transformações dos sentidos de casa no contexto dos atravessamentos da mobilidade e das obstruções à constituição do lar, em seu sentido fenomenológico. Neste sentido, a casa, como lar, se constitui entre repouso e deslocamento, demandando compreender dinâmicas que articulam dimensões geográficas e existenciais que se caracterizam pelo movimento e o descanso. Este artigo resgata duas contribuições geográficas da segunda metade do século XX (da Geografia Têmporo-Espacial de Hägerstrand e da Geografia Humanista de Seamon), momento de constituição das bases do habitar contemporâneo, buscando elementos para compreender sua tessitura ontológica, que nos provoca a repensar o habitar e a casa entre lugaridade e mobilidade.

Este artículo analiza las diferencias encontradas en algunos anuncios de televisión británicos y españoles emitidos al principio de la pandemia de COVID-19, concretamente durante marzo y abril de 2020, es decir, durante las primeras semanas de confinamiento. Se analizaron cuarenta anuncios emitidos en Gran Bretaña y España, identificando expresiones que remitiesen a las dimensiones culturales de identidad, de género, de evitación de la incertidumbre y de orientación a largo plazo. Esta última dimensión no se suele analizar en la literatura intercultural, por lo que añade valor a este estudio. En este análisis, de carácter cualitativo y cuantitativo, se demuestra que, aunque tradicionalmente se describen importantes diferencias en la publicidad que se hace en estos dos países debido a sus también diferentes valores culturales, en un momento de pandemia global, los valores y preferencias se asemejan mucho, llegando a utilizarse las mismas expresiones de forma repetida en los anuncios de ambos grupos culturales. En concreto, los anuncios dirigidos al público británico apelaron a valores culturales femeninos y tribales-colectivistas, cuando los anuncios de este grupo cultural exhiben normalmente rasgos de masculinidad y de individualismo. Es decir, este artículo demuestra la importancia que tiene el contexto a la hora de analizar el discurso de los hablantes, hasta el punto de que un grupo cultural puede resaltar unos valores culturales con los que no es tradicionalmente asociado. Como se aprecia aquí, las similitudes en el estilo comunicativo superan a las diferencias que puedan presentar estos dos países, cuando tradicionalmente no debería ser así.

Tradução inédita do texto Vauvenargues de Émile Bréhier (1876-1952). Este texto é o nono capítulo, do quarto livro da magistral Histoire de la philosophie de Bréhier, que vem recebendo diversas edições desde 1930.

Accelerating R&D is essential to address some of the challenges humanity is currently facing, such as achieving the global sustainability goals. Today’s Edisonian approach of trial-and-error still prevalent in R&D labs takes up to two decades of fundamental and applied research for new materials to reach the market. Turning around this situation calls for strategies to upgrade R&D and expedite innovation. By conducting smart experiment planning that is data-driven and guided by AI/ML, researchers can more efficiently search through the complex - often constrained - space of possible experiments and find or hit the global optima much faster than with the current approaches. Moreover, with digitized data management, researchers will be able to maximize the utility of their data in the short and long terms with the aid of statistics, ML and visualization tools. In what follows, we describe a framework and lay out the key technologies to accelerate R&D and optimize experiment planning

Reseña de Kathy Serrano. Húmedos, sucios y violentos. Lima: Estruendomudo, 2020.

Reseña de María Elena Lorenzin. Parricidio y otras calamidades. Santiago de Chile: Asterión, 2017. ISBN: 978-956-9985-19-574

It is usual to associate the word “demagogue” with bad political leadership. At worst, it is also usual to think about a leader that uses deception and feeds on the more primal emotions of the people to get what he wants. But, in reality, answering the question of what a demagogue was is far from easy. Thus, this paper hypothesizes that there is no substantial difference between a demagogue and a rhetor in Athenian democracy. As its method, the paper analyses the context of use of the term by the different actors as to shed some light on their intentions. First, the paper examines the concept of “demagogue” and how the term appears in the democratic tradition, by focusing on its usage in the works of authors such as Aristophanes, Lysias and Thucydides. Next, it refers to the way in which adversaries of Athenian democracy, especially deriving from philosophy, used the term. As this paper will show, there is a significant difference between the two usages, the former being descriptive and the latter pejorative. Finally, the paper concludes that both in the descriptive and pejorative sense, being a demagogue meant to be a rhetor, a leader of the demos.

Abstract This study mainly aimed to investigate how the relationships established at school affect the constitution of the self of autistic subjects. We carried out a multiple case study with children aged from seven to 14 years old enrolled in a public school that featured diverse profiles, with a total of 11 participants, such as teachers, coordinator, special education assistant (all of them women), as well as five autistic children (three boys and two girls) and two non-autistic girls. During the 6-month period, we conducted interviews with the adults, natural observations of school situations, and collaborative dynamics with the participating children. In light of theories from a dialogical-cultural perspective, it was possible to analyze our findings based on an I-positions framework, self positions, for each participant subject. From the convergence of each of the possible positions of all the subjects, we arrived at three axes of relationship: Playing, Helping, and Caring.

“Eugénio de Castro between Literature and Science: Orientalism as Collaboration” offers a case study of the fin-de-siècle works of Portuguese poet Eugénio de Castro (1869-1944) as illustrative of the aestheticization of scholarly/scientific knowledge about the East. This study is thus based on two premises: literary orientalism as a western discourse that feeds on a shared imaginary about the East, and scholarly/scientific orientalism as a specialized field of production, circulation and reception of knowledge (i.e. oriental studies). Based on Castro’s case study, I put forward the hypothesis of an interaction between the fields of literary production and scholarly/scientific orientalism under the framing concept of arrière-texte (Gladieu, Pottier and Trouvé 2013). In order to explore how Castro’s oeuvre may have been informed and shaped particularly by the work of Portuguese orientalists, without however disregarding his privileged connections to French orientalism, I propose a formal approach through the analysis of networks of collaboration. After briefly discussing the presence of the East in Castro’s fin-de-siècle work, I highlight the role played by the Curso Superior de Letras, a Lisbon-based school for higher education, in the poet’s orientalist training (1885-1889). This institutional setting enabled him to establish interpersonal networks, namely with Guilherme de Vasconcelos Abreu and Consiglieri Pedroso. These networks will be complemented with the analysis of plausible and (in)formal relationships, in particular with Francisco Maria Esteves Pereira, specialist in Ethiopian studies, as well as with the intellectuals Teófilo Braga and Joaquim Mendes dos Remédios. The purpose is to unveil the agencies, either manifest or latent, contributing to the poet’s creative process and who are part of his orientalist arrière-texte. Ultimately, this case study will show that orientalism is a collaborative system of knowledge production, circulation and reception between scientific institutions and the literary sphere.

Tradicionalmente el discurso narrativo, poético o mítico ha servido de vehículo para trasmitir contenidos de orden teológico y metafísico. Es decir, el concepto necesita de la representación para un mejor y más profundo desarrollo temático. Un caso ejemplar de este fenómeno lo encontramos en el llamado swedenborgismo literario, esto es, en la utilización de la figura de Emanuel Swedenborg como motivo y argumento en poetas y novelistas. La pregunta es si el swerdenborgismo literario es tan solo un pretexto estilístico o bien obedece a razones de mayor calado filosófico o religioso. J. L. Borges se nos presenta como modelo de este planteamiento.

Constitution-making in Western Europe has shifted from the traditional post-war model and taken a deliberative turn, seeking full democratic legitimation, though most constitutional initiatives incorporating ordinary citizens have not been fully successful. To overcome this lack of efficiency, this article offers a normative model for deliberative constitution-building. The model formulates citizens deliberating systematically and massively in minipublics with formal institutions, epistemocracy, political parties, officials, and mass communication. It also transforms most of the normative ideals to those that can be regulated only by legal norms, avoiding dependence on citizens’ ethical behavior. Only a few of them remain as recommendations for political consensus before starting constitutional change. The first part of the article describes general issues related to constitution-building from a deliberative perspective, such as the strengths and weaknesses of minipublics, political commitment before starting, and the scope of the future constitution. The second one describes its practical deployment and the role of each actor such as the parliament or constituent assembly, political parties, scientific and monitoring committees, the executive operator, participants, and general public; the design of the deliberative system and how to frame the debate; massive deliberation in equatable minipublics and their link with politicians, public opinion, and representative institutions; and, finally their connection to posterior constitutional decision-making phases through accountability.