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SOMMARIO: 1. Piano dell’indagine. – 2. Criterio di decisione e procedimento per le controversie di modesta entità. – 3. Il contenuto della domanda giudiziale. – 4. Domanda riconvenzionale e criterio di decisione. La domanda riconvenzionale fondata sul contratto o sul fatto posto a fondamento della domanda principale. – 5. (Segue). ...e quella non fondata sul contratto o sul fatto a fondamento della domanda principale – 6. L’appello avverso la sentenza resa secondo equità. – 7. (Segue). Esiti del giudizio d’appello e criterio di decisione. – 8. Il procedimento di riesame ex art. 18 Reg. n. 861/07. – 9. (Segue). Esiti del procedimento di riesame e criterio di decisione.

Abstract Background International evaluations combine data from different countries allowing breeders to have access to larger panels of elite bulls and to increase the accuracy of estimated breeding values (EBV). However, international and national evaluations can use different sources of information to compute EBV (EBVINT and EBVNAT, respectively), leading to differences between them. Choosing one of these EBV results in losing the information that is contained only in the discarded EBV. Our objectives were to define and validate a procedure to integrate publishable sires’ EBVINT and their associated reliabilities computed from pedigree-based or single-step international beef cattle evaluations into national evaluations to obtain “blended” EBV. The Italian (ITA) pedigree-based national evaluation was used as a case study to validate the integration procedure. Methods Publishable sires’ international information, i.e. EBVINT and their associated reliabilities, was included in the national evaluation as pseudo-records. Data were available for 444,199 individual age-adjusted weaning weights of Limousin cattle from eight countries and 17,607 genotypes from four countries (ITA excluded). To mimic differences between international and national evaluations, international evaluations included phenotypes (and genotypes) of animals born prior to January 2019, while national evaluations included ITA phenotypes of animals born until April 2019. International evaluations using all available information were considered as reference scenarios. Publishable sires were divided into three groups: sires with ≥ 15,

This article aims to analyze how the so-called ‘pedagogy of work’ attempts to answer the challenges of unemployment and job insecurity characterizing the labor market in contemporary society. The authors reflect on the concepts of nihilist pedagogies and the ‘end of work’ by distinguishing two approaches: an active and a passive nihilist pedagogy. The passive approach, based on resignation, is opposed to an active attitude in which labor pedagogy offers tools to address current challenges. The authors support the idea that pedagogy as a human-improving science cannot adopt the position of passive nihilism in interpreting work in contemporary society. To better understand the dynamics related to job insecurity and corrective solutions by pedagogy, the authors analyzed the thoughts of three contemporary philosophers: Zygmunt Bauman, Jeremy Rifkin, and Dominique Méda. These authors redefined the concept of work in connection with the transformations because of globalization, the advent of new communication technologies, and digital work. These changes have redefined not only the concept of work but also the models of work pedagogy in the Western world: capitalism and Marxism. Considering the current challenges, the pedagogy of work needs to be rethought, starting from the problem of employability and focusing on the new occupations in demand in the Internet age. By integrating ideas on interpreting work from the theories of Bauman, Rifkin, and Méda, it is possible to propose a pedagogy of work in the age of change and to outline possible values of education inspired by it.

Abstract Background Availability of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping arrays and progress in statistical analyses have allowed the identification of genomic regions and genes under selection in chicken. In this study, SNP data from the 600 K Affymetrix chicken array were used to detect signatures of selection in 23 local Italian chicken populations. The populations were categorized into four groups for comparative analysis based on live weight (heavy vs light) and geographical area (Northern vs Southern Italy). Putative signatures of selection were investigated by combining three extended haplotype homozygosity (EHH) statistical approaches to quantify excess of haplotype homozygosity within (iHS) and between (Rsb and XP-EHH) groups. Presence of runs of homozygosity (ROH) islands was also analysed for each group. Results After editing, 541 animals and 313,508 SNPs were available for statistical analyses. In total, 15 candidate genomic regions that are potentially under selection were detected among the four groups: eight within a group by iHS and seven by combining the results of Rsb and XP-EHH, which revealed divergent selection between the groups. The largest overlap between genomic regions identified to be under selection by the three approaches was on chicken chromosome 8. Twenty-one genomic regions were identified with the ROH approach but none of these overlapped with regions identified with the three EHH-derived statistics. Some of the identified regions under selection contained candidate genes with biological functions related to environmental stress, immune responses, and disease resistance, which indicate local adaptation of these chicken populations. Conclusions Compared to commercial lines, local populations are predominantly reared as backyard chickens, and thus, may have developed stronger resistance to environmental challenges. Our results indicate that selection can play an important role in shaping signatures of selection in local chicken populations and can be a starting point to identify gene mutations that could have a useful role with respect to climate change.

Considerazioni sulle cause che hanno favorito la diffusione del microracconto. La brevità alle origini della narrazione e sua connessione con l’oralità. Opinioni di autori classici e prescrizioni della Retorica. Principio funzionale dell’economia. Forme espressive che richiedono la brevità. Ruolo della comunicazione digitale e fascino dell’incompiuto. Teoria della cooperazione del lettore; le presupposizioni e le implicature in pragmalinguistica. Il fenomeno della brevitas nella letteratura scientifica: l’abstract. Ruolo dei social networks: cinguettii e fandonie o bufale come microracconti efficaci Consideraciones sobre las causas que han favorecido la difusión de la microcuenta. La brevedad en los orígenes de la narración y su conexión con la oralidad. Opiniones de autores clásicos y prescripciones de Retórica. Principio funcional de la economía. Formas expresivas que requieren brevedad. Papel de la comunicación digital y fascinación de lo incompleto. Teoría de la cooperación del lector; las presuposiciones y las implicaciones en la pragmalingüística. El fenómeno de brevitas en la literatura científica: el resumen. Papel de las redes sociales: gorjeos y modas o búfalos como micro cuentas efectivas.

Con retraso más que notable nos ocupamos de esta obra, como si ella misma hubiese requerido tanto tiempo para alcanzar el juicio pleno de los conocimientos en ella depositados, lo que no ha de sonar a mera exageración, al menos por lo que nos concierne. La misma fecha de publicación -el año 2000- sintoniza con un temario que se despliega sobre milenios de historia lingüística y sobre términos indoeuropeos y no indoeuropeos.

Recensión

En este trabajo se repasa la importante aportación de E. Martino para el enriquecimiento del conjunto epigráfico vadiniense y se proponen nuevas lecturas para tres de sus inscripciones.

Repasando los topónimos recogidos que tienen que ver con la toponimia de Fortuna, encontramos una serie de ellos de apariencia sencilla, que sin embargo poseen una prehistoria llena de contenido. Y nos permite. vislumbrar el signifi cado profundo de todos ellos.

Intentamos ofrecer un ejemplo concreto y muy llamativo, el de la Hermedaña, y la luz que da la aplicación del método del “Compuesto Hidronímico” para la comprensión de un topónimo prehistórico.

Analizando el nombre de Murcia encontramos que consta de dos elementos, bien definidos: Mur- y –Cia. El sentido de ambos topónimos se conjuga para designar un significado único de lugar.

Se presentan una serie de reflexiones sobre el topónimo Villagarcia de Campos, tratando de hacer visible el sentido toponímico del término.

Se hace una nueva consideración de los topónimos riojanos que hace ya más de medio siglo estudiara el Prof. Alarcos Llorach y se ofrece otra variante de interpretación para los mismos

Tras de la conquista romana, los indígenas se vieron obligados a abandonar sus asentamientos en la montañas y a vivir en los antiguos campamentos romanos porque se hallaban en lo llano

Se ofrece aquí una síntesis de la obra de Martino, de la conquista de cántabros y astures, aparte de las teorías previas sobre la identificación de nombres históricos y geográficos, y de los restos arqueológicos conservados, considerados en los lugares que ocupan.

En el pasaje de Mela sobre los ríos de Cantabria, solo se ven fallos al comienzo, después todo tiene significado perfecto.

Las identificaciones propuestas de algunos lugares en la España del norte, aquí meramente sugeridos, pueden recordarnos la vecindad del monte Medulio.

Estudio de un dicho popular sobre la Griega (

Se recogen aquí toda una serie de noticias, informes, y valoraciones de la obra de Martino, de la pluma de personas de algún modo cualificadas en el ámbito de la historia que de propósito, pero espontáneamente, han escrito sobre la reconstrucción histórica de E. Martino

Se propone un nombre para la primera mansión.

Entre los nombres de ríos, hay algunos que aparecen compuestos por dos nombres de río, como Guad(i)ana. Esta muestra tautológica puede servirnos como testigo para el cambio de habitantes de la región. Se dan ejemplos con Cea y con Salia

Se propone una identifi cación para las tres últimas mansiones de esta vía romana. Las tres parecen pertenecer al escenario del monte Vindio de la conquista romana

Muchos restos de la acción militar romana se pueden percibir en las montañas que tienen que ver con la guerra de guerrillas, como calzadas, asentamientos y hasta muchos molinos de agua.

Presentamos el decurso de la vida de E. Martino, sus publicaciones por orden alfabético. Incluyendo recensiones y conferencias más relevantes, reconocimientos y distinciones: y añadimos noticias del eco que su obra ha causado en la opinión pública

This article reports on the influence, design, and style of the German architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. The author analyzes several different aspects of Mies' style, such as the influence his work had on the development of architectural photomontages in the early 1900s, how Mies' relationships with several Dada style artists from Berlin, Germany affected his politics and his work, and how Mies' concept of space was the foundation for his interior visualizations and aesthetic theory in the 1900s. The author also compares his architectural representations to the cinematic montages in European films, discusses the differences between photocollages and photomontages, and mentions that Mies probably learned how to do photomontages is the stone masonry workshop belonging to his family.

My contribution aims to enrich the debate about the relationship between migrant worlds and material cultures by the analysis of a specifical, yet apparently anonymous object: a tennis racket. This object has been part of the life of Carlo U., born and grown up in Tunis in an Italian-Jewish family, then emigrated to Italy and finally arrived in Paris, where he currently resides. The tennis racket became the centre of an interview realised on January 2021 in order to understand some aspects of the childhood of its owner, between the 1970s and 1980s. Carlo U.’s story has been an opportunity to reflect on the semantic stratification of the object, which encompasses several meanings: play tool, social marker, symbolic object, vector of sociability. In the memory of its owner, the tennis racket evoked a lost world, a “golden age” rooted in a post-colonial context (but still linked to codes and schemes raised during the colonial era). The central elements of this world were the tennis club, in the European suburbs of Tunis, a place which embodied both an emotional and a symbolic dimension. The tennis club is remembered as a safe zone, separated from the rest of society. A place of physical training, of course, but also a social environment to build crucial networks. A place, finally, where young people could learn a set of shared values (often implicitly), the “rules of the game” of the European bourgeoisie of Tunis: respect for the adversary, merit, respectability, selfimprovement, importance of social status. Fellow of childhood, youth and then emigration, the tennis racket acquires a new dimension through the experience of exile, after leaving behind the sport, the country and some of the friendships. As a result, this object seems to remind its owner of the ambiguity of the link between past and present, and the dynamic relationship between continuities and ruptures. From a micro-historical perspective, the analysis of this “object of exile” opens up a more articulated reflection about historical issues, such the evolution of colonial society and its legacy after independence, the sociability of the elites of post-colonial Tunisia, the building of a memory from an emigrant perspective

Jennifer Radden argues that there cannot be delusional pain in depression, putting forward three arguments: the argument from falsehood, the argument from epistemic irrationality, and the argument from incongruousness. Whereas delusions are false, epistemically irrational, and incongruous with the person’s experience, feeling pain from the first-person perspective cannot be false or irrational, and is congruous with the person’s experience in depression. In this commentary on Radden’s paper, we share her scepticism about the notion of delusional pain, but we find the arguments from falsehood and incongruousness ultimately unconvincing, given that delusions are not always false or incongruous. Rather, we develop the argument from epistemic irrationality, suggesting that, although some aspects of pain (its cognitive and emotional components) may exhibit informational plasticity and other characteristics shared by mental states that can be assessed for their rationality, the sensory component of pain does not.

Il percorso formativo come docenti di scuola elementare in didattica della matematica può essere fortemente influenzato da fattori di natura affettiva, che, a loro volta, risultano spesso legati ad esperienze scolastiche negative vissute con la matematica. Il progetto di ricerca-azione qui descritto ha approfondito proprio questo fenomeno, focalizzandosi sui futuri docenti di scuola elementare del Canton Ticino, con un duplice obiettivo: da un lato, progettare e implementare efficaci pratiche formative per lo sviluppo di atteggiamenti positivi verso la matematica e il suo insegnamento; dall’altro, studiare l’evoluzione di tali atteggiamenti nell’arco dei primi due anni della formazione. Sono stati sviluppati specifici interventi didattici e strumenti di osservazione che hanno permesso di rilevare e monitorare gli atteggiamenti degli studenti e di analizzare quali dimensioni – disposizione emozionale, senso di autoefficacia, visione della disciplina (Di Martino & Zan, 2011) – sono state più o meno influenti sul cambiamento di atteggiamento, e su quali componenti quindi la formazione può cercare di intervenire in modo più incisivo ed efficace.

Abstract Background Assessment of genetic diversity and population structure provides important control metrics to avoid genetic erosion, inbreeding depression and crossbreeding between exotic and locally-adapted cattle breeds since these events can have deleterious consequences and eventually lead to extinction. Historically, the Alpine Arc represents an important pocket of cattle biodiversity with a large number of autochthonous breeds that provide a fundamental source of income for the entire regional economy. By using genotype data from medium-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays, we performed a genome-wide comparative study of 23 cattle populations from the Alpine Arc and three cosmopolitan breeds. Results After filtering, we obtained a final genotyping dataset consisting of 30,176 SNPs for 711 individuals. The local breeds showed high or intermediate values of genetic diversity compared to the highly selected cosmopolitan breeds. Patterns of genetic differentiation, multidimensional scaling, admixture analysis and the constructed phylogenetic tree showed convergence, which indicates the presence of gene flow among the breeds according to both geographic origin and historical background. Among the most differentiated breeds, we identified the modern Brown cattle. In spite of admixture events, several local breeds have preserved distinctive characteristics, which is probably due to differences in genetic origin and geographic location. Conclusions This study represents one of the most comprehensive genome-wide analysis of the Alpine cattle breeds to date. Using such a large dataset that includes the majority of the local breeds found in this region, allowed us to expand knowledge on the evaluation and status of Alpine cattle biodiversity. Our results indicate that although many of the analyzed local breeds are listed as endangered, they still harbor a large amount of genetic diversity, even when compared to some cosmopolitan breeds. This finding, together with the reconstruction of the phylogeny and the relationships between these Alpine Arc cattle breeds, provide crucial insights not only into the improvement of genetic stocks but also into the implementation of future conservation strategies.

Scopo di questo articolo è quello di esaminare il rapporto delle persone con la matematica e il suo insegnamento. Attraverso la somministrazione di un questionario online (domande con risposta libera testuale) viene chiesto ai partecipanti di indicare in particolare le emozioni associate alla matematica e la propria esperienza con essa. I risultati della survey sono analizzati mediante tecniche statistiche di Natural Language Processing, tra tutte la Sentiment Analysis e il POS Tagging. Viene studiata la dipendenza delle emozioni riguardanti la matematica dal livello e tipologia di istruzione dei partecipanti all’indagine; in particolare viene posta l’attenzione sulle principali critiche al metodo di insegnamento emerse tra i giovani.

Recensioni: C. SCHWAMEIS, Cicero “De praetura siciliensi” (Verr. 2, 2). Einleitung und Kommentar (S. ROZZI) 207 CICERONE, Orazione sul comando di Pompeo (De imperio Cn. Pompei), introduzione di G. BALDO, a cura di T. RICCHIERI (F. BELLORIO) 211 B. STRAUMANN, Crisis and Constitutionalism. Roman Political Thought from the Fall of the Republic to the Age of Revolution – M.C. ALEXANDER, Roman Amoralism Reconsidered. The Political Culture of the Roman Republic and Historians in an Era of Disillusionment (E. MALASPINA) 218 TITO LIVIO, La Morte di Cicerone (Libro CXX), a cura di M. LENTANO (G. MARTINO PICCOLINO) 222 F. GASTI, La letteratura tardolatina. Un profilo storico (R. D’AMANTI) 225 S. STUCCHI, Come il latino ci salva la vita (A. CROTTO) 228 F. BELLORIO, A. CROTTO, A. GIACOBBE, E. MENGA, In ricordo di Felicita PORTALUPI (1924-2019) 233

The evolution of medical, social and economic sciences and, more generally, the way of thinking has profoundly changed the relationship between Society and people with disabilities: these persons, from the recipients of social protection and care, have become an active part of Society. Therefore, this publication analyzes the basis and limits of the powers of persons with disabilities in the context of ethical, political, religious and legal values.