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There is no shortage of academic literature regarding U.S. military veterans and their susceptibility to domestic extremist recruitment. However, this essay identifies a new potential culprit: military doctrine itself. Around 2006, amidst a deteriorating situation in Iraq, the U.S. military looked to history for innovative ideas on how to address a deteriorating counter-insurgency conflict. Unfortunately, they drew from several dubious historical examples, most notably, the documents crafted by French theorists during and after their 1954-1962 war in Algeria. We theorize that by heavily citing these French theorists without considering their conspiratorial underpinnings known as guerre révolutionnaire, the resulting product (FM 3-24, Counter-insurgency) inadvertently legitimized guerre révolutionnaire’s philosophies to U.S. military members. With the rise in domestic extremist groups correlating with FM 3-24’s publication, we examined whether guerre révolutionnaire’s concepts were present in modern extremist rhetoric. While it was not possible in this introductory study to establish a direct relationship between FM 3-24 and the rise in U.S. domestic extremism, we find that 1) guerre révolutionnaire’s tenets are present in U.S. extremist rhetoric, 2) there are subtle differences in rhetorical attitudes between veteran and non-veteran domestic extremists within their respective groups, and 3) previous concerns regarding the improper use of history for doctrine appear valid. Finally, we consider these results in the context of future studies regarding FM 3-24’s effects and the need for an interdisciplinary approach.

Ludwig Wittgenstein’s and Bertrand Russell’s views on mysticism show their intense interest in this subject and how they explored its nature and possibilities. Wittgenstein, who had abandoned his Catholic faith as a teenager, became a religious searcher, which began from his fears of the terrors of war. He had enlisted as a soldier to fight for Austro-Hungary during which his terror of war led him to pray to God for refuge. The fortuitous discovery of Leo Tolstoy’s book, The Gospel in Brief, opened Wittgenstein’s mind to the importance of Jesus and led him to value Christianity once more. Russell’s interest in mysticism appears in a published article written in 1914 and seems to have been one of curiosity, rather than religious. From a young age, Russell became extremely interested in mathematics and he came to perceive that this subject might be called mathematical mysticism. In both cases, Wittgenstein and Russell shared a keen interest in mysticism, with Wittgenstein concluding in his Tractatus that the mystical was transcendent while Russell chose to examine how mysticism and empiricism might complement each other.

In many parts of the world, motorized travel is one of the most common ways that people interact with their regional landscape. This study investigates how travelers' understandings of place might be influenced by what landforms they can see from a vehicle. It uses a cumulative viewshed analysis on the Washington State (United States) highway network to determine which physical landscape features are most frequently visible or obscured from the road. Adapting ideas from Kevin Lynch's The Image of the City, I propose spatial data processing methods to derive landmarks, edges, and districts that could most contribute to the mental maps of travelers and should be prioritized for labeling on print, electronic, and augmented reality maps. Other applications of the cumulative viewshed include deriving scenic byways, siting proposed construction for high or low visibility, and guiding conversations about critical toponymy and perceptions of place.

On 15 December, the European Commission adopted a European Declaration on Digital Rights and Principles for the Digital Decade. It builds upon primary EU law instruments, and the question inevitably arises of what additional value and effect the Declaration may have.

Modern languages and digital humanities – broadly defined – share a kind of kinship. Scholars in both fields face questions that traditional literary scholars of English would never have to answer. There always has to be some explanation for why one studies another language, or draws upon tools and methods that are more than incidentally digital. Much as advocates for modern languages and digital humanities speak to their benefits, neither offers its practitioners an easy path. Still, we tell ourselves that the struggle is worth it, because these paths take us to places we could not imagine if we limited ourselves to the analog and the Anglophone.

Most methods for computational text analysis involve doing things with “words”: counting them, looking at their distribution within a text, or seeing how they are juxtaposed with other words. While there’s nothing about these methods that limits their use to English, they tend to be developed with certain assumptions about how “words” work – among them, that words are separated by a space, and that words are minimally inflected (i.e. that there aren’t a lot of different forms of a word). English fits both of these assumptions, but many languages do not. This tutorial covers major challenges for doing computational text analysis caused by the grammar or writing systems of various languages, and ways to overcome these issues.

Several methods are used to control stored product insects. The spraying of empty structures with insecticides, prior to the introduction of produce, is an important method for preventing development of insects. It is known that insecticide activity varies according to the various sprayed surfaces. In this study, the activity of deltamethrin was examined on concrete and plastic surfaces. Deltamethrin is a synthetic pyrethroid, active by contact against a variety of insects; applied in Israel in two formulations: KESHET 2.5% EC and BUNGY 1.5% SC (ADAMA Makhteshim Ltd.). Adults of the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (L.), served as target insect in all experiments. The research was carried out in plastic Petri dishes and in Petri dishes with layer of concrete. Deltamethrin (KESHET 2.5% EC) was applied in water solution in doses of 0.02, 0.1, 0.5 g/m². Without concrete, complete mortality of S. oryzae was obtained at a concentration of 0.02 g/m², whereas in concrete plates, no mortality was found in all 3 concentrations. In contrast, deltamethrin (BUNGY 1.5% SC) in doses of 0.1 g/m², caused 100% mortality with and without concrete layer. The same results were found in the commercial warehouse. No difference in efficiency was found between the spraying methods: airbrush (Sparmax DH-125) or dripping by pipette. The results show that the efficacy of warehouse spraying by deltamethrin depends on its formulation.

Stored grain losses caused by pest insects contribute significantly to the global food crisis. Currently, there are two main chemical control methods against stored product insect pests: fumigation with very toxic gases and grain protection by residual contact insecticides. Today, the global tendency is to prevent/reduce the wide use of insecticides, which have high toxicity to humans and harm the environment. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop alternative eco-friendly approaches for stored insect pest control. Essential oils from Micromeria fruticosa and Mentha rotundifolia (Fam. Labiatae) and their main constituent pulegone which previously were shown by us as very active against stored product insect pests, were encapsulated into coarse and nano emulsions. The insecticidal activity of the developed formulations against primary internal insect rice weevil (Sitophilus oryzae L.) and secondary external pest red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum Herbst) was evaluated in laboratory and pilot experiments. It was found that the phytochemical-based nano emulsions offered significant advantages and provided powerful and prolonged biological activity compare with the coarse formulations. The developed nano emulsions could serve as a natural, effective, low-toxify for human, and environmentally preferred method for protection stored grain and dry food products from pest insects.

Stored dates are usually infested by sap beetles and moths. For years, the common practice for dates disinfestation was fumigation with methyl bromide (MB). After MB phase-out, heat treatment and modified atmosphere are used. However, there are several limitations of these methods. In search for alternatives for dates disinfestation, fumigation by phosphine was evaluated. Commercial fumigations of Medjool dates variety using phosphine were conducted in a standard 20 ft. shipping container. Two formulations of phosphine were used: Magtoxin® Plates 56% (Detia Freyberg GmbH, Germany), and Phostoxin® Tablets 56% (Detia Freyberg GmbH, Germany). The phosphine dosage range was 1-4 g/m3. The exposure time range was 24-72 hrs. Several fumigations were carried out by an innovative phosphine generator model OMT 501 developed by Universal Probes. Most fumigations carried out demonstrated total dates disinfestation. The application of Magtoxin plates, especially using the OMT 501 demonstrates significant advantages versus Phostoxin tablets; the advantages were in quicker gas development, and achieving much higher maximum and pre-ventilation phosphine concentration levels. Upon fumigation using the OMT 501, plates are easily collected and disposed, no residual dust left on the dates, which avoided their contamination. No phosphine residues were found in the fumigated dates, neither changes in organoleptic properties were noted. Phosphine fumigation using the phosphine generator model OMT 501 provides safer, quicker, more efficient dates disinfestation.

This paper focuses on recent work by the TEI Archiving, Preservation, and Access Service (TAPAS) on pedagogy with TEI, and specifically on a recent initiative called “TAPAS Classroom” focused on exploring pedagogical uses of TEI. We provide some background on TAPAS, describe several case studies involving pedagogical partners who used TAPAS in teaching, and finally describe the TAPAS Classroom initiative and its outcomes.

Der Text ist eine Antwort auf Robert Feustels „Mit Rechten reden, zu Rechten forschen?“. Er nimmt die beiden irritierenden Titelfragen als Irritation auf und stellt sie in den Kontext des Selbstverständnisses von Wissenschaft und des Verständnisses von „Realität“. Daran schließen sich zwei Vorschläge aus dem Bereich anwendungsbezogener Ethik an: Die Zuschreibung singulärer Identitäten als Gewalt zu verstehen und diese das Unterlassen dieser Zuschreibung für empirische qualitative Forschung als wissenschaftlichen und ethischen Imperativ zu setzen.

Este trabajo presenta la narración de cómo un método de investigación es útil tanto en sí mismo como para el alcance de los proyectos de investigación. A partir de los datos de contabilidad de los archivos de dos fábricas de cerveza alemanas -Löwenbräu y Spaten - durante el periodo 1929-1939, se construye una historia en el complejo contexto existente en el momento para la gestión de las empresas. Para ello nos basamos en lainformación de los estados financieros y elinforme del Consejo de Administración (Aufsichtsrat). El análisis revela razones interesantes relacionadas con el decreciente desempeño en general y a su vez, plantea varias cuestiones para futuras investigaciones en las dos fábricas de cerveza propuestas. Por lo tanto, podría decirse que, sin la construcción de la historia, tales cuestiones y áreas de interés potenciales no habrían sido identificadas. La metodología propuesta es útil para que los investigadores comprendan el alcance que pueden tener los proyectos de investigación a partir de datos contables a la vez que puede ser útil para establecer el contexto de los estudios de historia de la contabilidad y empresas.

Communist China and Vietnam looked like the future to many West German feminists in the years after 1968. This article reconstructs a lost history of influence, identification and emulation, tracing some of the ways that Chinese and Vietnamese communism inspired and attracted West German feminists from the late 1960s to the early 1980s. Beginning in a spirit of socialist universalism, West German feminists drew on reports of the experience of East Asian women who they felt lived in the ›liberated zones‹ of post-revolutionary society. Like the French radicals who declared that ›Vietnam is in our factories‹, West German feminists created a global framework for their activism. Looking east, they borrowed or adopted models of consciousness-raising and direct action from China and Vietnam. This article tracks the arc of exchange, from the enthusiasm of the late 1960s and 1970s to the West German feminist disenchantment with both East Asian communism and the global South by the early 1980s. ∗ ∗ ∗ Für viele westdeutsche Feministinnen nach 1968 verkörperten China und Vietnam die Zukunft. Der Aufsatz rekonstruiert, wie und warum der chinesische und vietnamesische Kommunismus den westdeutschen Feminismus inspirierte und interessierte; so zeigt sich eine Geschichte der Beeinflussung, Identifizierung und Übertragung. Am Beginn stand die Idee eines sozialistischen Universalismus: Westdeutsche Feministinnen stützten sich dabei auf Erfahrungsberichte ostasiatischer Frauen und nahmen an, diese lebten in »befreiten Zonen« der postrevolutionären Gesellschaft. Ähnlich wie die französischen und italienischen Radikalen, die erklärten, Vietnam sei »in unseren Fabriken«, schufen westdeutsche Feministinnen einen globalen Bezugsrahmen für ihr Denken und Handeln. Aus China und Vietnam übernahmen oder entlehnten sie politische Aktionsformen. Der Aufsatz verfolgt diese Beziehungsgeschichte – vom Enthusiasmus der späten 1960er- und der 1970er-Jahre bis zur Desillusionierung über den ostasiatischen Kommunismus und die Länder des globalen Südens in den frühen 1980er-Jahren.

Most current approaches to key-finding, either from symbolic data such as MIDI or from digital audio data, rely on pitch-class profiles. Our alternative approach is based on two ideas: first, that chord progressions, understood rather loosely as pairs of neighboring harmonic states demarcated by note onsets, are sufficient as windows for key-finding, at least in the chorale context; and second, that the encapsulated identity of a chord progression (modulo pitch-class transposition and revoicing) is sufficient – that is, that reduction of progressions to pitch-class distributions is not necessary for key-finding. The system has no access to explicit information about a chord progression other than its transpositional distribution in the training corpus, yet it is able to reach an almost stunning degree of subtlety in its harmonic analysis of chorales it’s never heard before. This suggests that reductionist approaches to tonality may be off the mark, or at least that pitch-class reductionism might not be necessary for a principled account of key.

Project Bamboo, a cyberinfrastructure initiative supported by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, takes as its core mission the enhancement of arts and humanities research through the development of shared technology services. Rather than developing new tools for curating or analyzing data, Project Bamboo aims to provide core infrastructure services including identity and access management, collection interoperability, and scholarly data management. The longer-term goal is for many organizations and projects to leverage those services so as to direct their own resources towards innovative tool or collection development. In addition, Bamboo seeks to model a paradigm for tool integration that focuses on tools as discrete services (such as a morphology annotation service and a geoparser service, instead of a web-based environment that does morphological annotation and geoparsing) that can be applied to texts, individually or in combination with other services, to enable complex curatorial and analytical workflows. This paper addresses points of intersection between Project Bamboo and TEI over the course of Bamboo's development, including the role of TEI in Bamboo's ongoing development work. The paper highlights the significant contributions of the TEI community to the early development of the project through active participation in the Bamboo Planning Project. The paper also addresses the influence of TEI on the Bamboo Technology Project's collection interoperability and corpus curation/analysis initiatives, as well as its role in current (as of October 2012) development work.

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En un mundo muy globalizado y competitivo, las estrategias urbanas a menudo señalan los festivales y eventos como actividades capaces de atraer turistas e inversores, extender la temporada turística e impulsar la economía. El turismo de eventos como término se encuentra ahora bien asentado en el léxico del turismo, sin embargo, generalmente se emplea de una manera bastante limitada, ofreciendo una visión parcial de un fenómeno que es complejo. Para.corregir este déficit, este artículo examina el caso de Dublín, donde los responsables políticos han estado durante los últimos veinticinco años utilizando los festivales y los eventos para mejorar la posición internacional de la ciudad. El objetivo es investigar si los responsables políticos pueden utilizar estratégicamente los eventos para promover los objetivos turísticos y, al mismo tiempo, fomentar más ampliamente el desarrollo sociocultural. Metodológicamente, el estudio que se presenta, realiza un análisis detallado y crítico de los documentos de política pública que relacionan festivales y eventos con el turismo. Observa la existencia de una variedad de perspectivas políticas en juego, pero en general, se reconoce una clara tendencia a que los festivales y eventos se enmarquen desde una óptica empresarial urbana que subestima los problemas sociales y culturales. En contraste, un segundo conjunto de hallazgos analizados a partir de una investigación primaria realizada en uno de los principales festivales orientados al turismo en la ciudad muestra cómo las experiencias de festivales pueden generar disfrute, sociabilidad, orgullo, inclusión y pertenencia tanto para los turistas como para otros usuarios de la ciudad, al tiempo que producen retornos económicos. Juntos, los hallazgos del análisis de políticas y el caso empírico apuntan a la necesidad de repensar cómo los eventos y el turismo se cruzan para lograr resultados óptimos, especialmente en estos tiempos posteriores a la pandemia cuando las ciudades de todo el mundo buscan futuros turísticos más sostenibles. El estudio recomienda que la formulación de políticas de turismo de eventos adopte términos de referencia más amplios y holísticos y sugiere que las lecciones de la práctica podrían emplearse para informar mejores políticas.

Dans un monde hyper globalisé et concurrentiel, les stratégies urbaines mettent souvent en avant les festivals et les événements en tant qu’activités susceptibles d’attirer des touristes et des investisseurs, étendre la saison touristique et développer l’économie. Le terme « tourisme événementiel » est aujourd’hui bien établi dans le lexique touristique, même s’il n’est souvent employé que dans un sens relativement restreint qui ne révèle qu’une partie de ce phénomène complexe. Pour pallier ce déficit, le présent article examine le cas de la ville de Dublin où, au cours des vingt-cinq dernières années, les pouvoirs publics ont utilisé les festivals et les événements pour consolider le statut international de la ville. L’objectif est d’étudier si les pouvoirs publics peuvent utiliser les événements pour à la fois poursuivre des buts touristiques et soutenir un développement socioculturel plus large. Sur le plan méthodologique, l’étude entreprend une analyse détaillée et critique de documents officiels qui mettent les festivals et les événements en relation avec le tourisme. Elle met à jour tout un éventail de perspectives politiques à l’œuvre, mais la tendance globale est clairement à ce que les festivals et les événements soient formatés dans une perspective urbaine entrepreneuriale qui sous-estime les enjeux sociaux et culturels. Par opposition, un second ensemble de résultats, issus d’une recherche préliminaire entreprise à propos d’un des principaux festivals à vocation touristique de la ville, montre comment les expériences de festival peuvent générer du plaisir, de la sociabilité, de la fierté, de l’inclusion et un sentiment d’appartenance tant pour les touristes que pour les autres publics urbains, tout en générant des retombées économiques. Prises conjointement, les conclusions de l’analyse des politiques publiques et celles de l’étude de cas empirique indiquent le besoin de repenser la manière dont les événements et le tourisme se recoupent pour produire des résultats optimaux, tout particulièrement en cette époque post-pandémie où les villes de par le monde sont en quête d’un avenir touristique plus durable. L’étude recommande que la conception des politiques en matière de tourisme adopte un cadre conceptuel plus large, plus holistique, et suggère que la pratique pourrait apporter des enseignements utiles à l’élaboration de meilleures politiques.

In a highly globalised, competitive world, urban strategies often highlight festivals and events as activities which can attract tourists and investors, extend the tourism season and boost the economy. Event tourism as a term is now well established in the tourism lexicon, however, it is usually employed in quite a limited way that offers only partial insights into a complex phenomenon. To redress this deficit, this paper examines the case of Dublin, where for the last twenty-five years, policy-makers have been using festivals and events to boost the city’s international standing. The aim is to investigate whether policy-makers can strategically use events to further tourism goals while simultaneously fostering socio-cultural development more broadly. Methodologically, the study reported undertakes a detailed, critical analysis of public policy documents that relate festivals and events to tourism. It finds a range of policy perspectives at play but overall, there is a clear tendency for festivals and events to be framed through an urban entrepreneurial lens that under-appreciates social and cultural issues. In contrast, a second set of findings reported from primary research undertaken at one of the main tourism–oriented festivals in the city show how festival experiences can generate enjoyment, sociability, pride, inclusion and belonging for both tourists and other city users alike, while simultaneously producing economic returns. Together, the findings of the policy analysis and the empirical case point to the need to re-think how events and tourism intersect to achieve optimal outcomes, especially in these post pandemic times when cities the world over are searching for more sustainable tourism futures. The study recommends that event tourism policy-making adopt broader, more holistic terms of reference and suggests that lessons from practice could be employed to inform better policies.

The article reports that the future development of education in Ireland is rapidly accelerating due to economic difficulties and the subsequent outside influences. What is often forgotten is that non-cognitive skills such as interpersonal skills, persistence, communication skills and other soft skills are crucial. Surveys have highlighted that soft skills are as important to many businesses as other skills. This is especially true in the retail and hospitality sector.

The article focuses on the future development of education in Ireland. Some governments that invested considerable time and resources into reform have found little or no improvement in educational outcomes for students. The lesson is that reforms have to be thought through, planned and implemented carefully, with buy-in from the main stakeholders and a clear understanding of why such changes are necessary for students and society.