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Trigeminal Neuralgia - What Do We Know about the Causes, Diagnosis and Treatment? Abstract. Classical trigeminal neuralgia is typically characterized by a stimulus-evoked, recurrent and intense short-lasting stabbing pain in the innervation area of the trigeminal nerve. Its intensity is among the most severe pain imaginable in humans, and yet it is often misdiagnosed and undertreated. Triggers are common activities of daily life like talking or eating. The classical trigeminal neuralgia is due to a neurovascular compression at the nerve root entry zone. The secondary form is related to an underlying neurological disease (caused for example by multiple sclerosis or compression by a brain tumor); the etiology of the idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia is unknown. Treatment options include both medication (mostly antiepileptic drugs) and escalated interventional approaches (microvascular decompression, neurolesional percutaneous procedures, neuromodulative therapeutic options and radiosurgery).

Movement Disorders: What Are You Doing? What Can We Do? Abstract. Disturbances of movement are common and varied. Frequent causes are systemic diseases such as Parkinson's syndromes and the essential tremor. Treatment options in practice and hospital include conservative, predominantly drug strategies such as oral administration of dopamine precursors or agonists, and pharmacological or non-pharmacological escalation strategies such as intramuscular botulinum toxin A injections, the subcutaneous or enteral drug pumps for apomorphine or levodopa and carbidopa, the effective deep brain stimulation and the novel focused ultrasound therapy, which are bound to highly specialized centers and should be considered as treatment option quite earlier and more frequently.

Reversible Paraplegia - Favorable Outcome After Delayed Diagnosis Abstract. A 74-year-old woman was referred for progressive gait disturbances. On presentation, she had a complete paraplegia (wheelchair-bound for 19 months) and bladder sphincter dyssynergia with sensory sacral sparing. Magnetic resonance imaging studies revealed a 24 × 13 × 17 mm intradural mass with compression of the spinal cord and myelomalacia between C6 and Th1. We performed unilateral laminectomies of C6-Th1 and microsurgical resection of a meningioma. Under intensive rehabilitation, the patient regained independent walking ability and recovery of bladder function and continence within six months postoperatively.