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Copyright of Der Pathologe is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Mithilfe der Entwicklung der Next-Generation-Sequencing(NGS)-Technologie ist es gelungen, individuelle genetische Testung in die Versorgung onkologischer Patienten zu integrieren. Die klinische Anwendung der Panel-Diagnostik in der Onkologie spielt dabei zunehmend eine Rolle, sowohl im Rahmen der Erstdiagnose als auch nach Ausschöpfung der Standardtherapie. Es konnte damit erreicht werden, die Prognose von Krebspatienten durch Verwendung zielgerichteter Therapien entscheidend zu verbessern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Der Gynäkologe is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Microarrays allow a simultaneous gene expression analysis of thousands of genes, providing an expression profile of the specimen investigated. Thus, this procedure is well suited to characterize the complex genetic alterations of malignant tumors. Using unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis, characteristic expression profiles for individuals, organs and tissues, as well as for different cell types, can be identified. Molecular signatures have been observed in tumors compared to normal tissue, for different tumor stages, risk groups or response therapy. In prostate cancer, many tumor-specific gene expression alterations have been identified. Among these, the cell surface protease hepsin and alpha-methyl-acryl-CoA-racemase might gain importance as diagnostic tools. Moreover, gene expression profiles were identified which are associated with advanced tumor stage, poor differentiation or progress after radical prostatectomy. Increased expression of enzymes of steroid biosynthesis and the androgen receptor appears to be part of the molecular signature of hormone refractory prostate cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) increase the risk for colorectal cancer (CRC). In IBD, the evolution of potential tumor clones occurs long before neoplastic lesions become evident and these clones can be undetectable by endoscopy and histology at early stages. The spectrum of genomic alterations in IBD-associated colorectal carcinogenesis is distinct from the changes observed in the sporadic adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Predominant alterations include aneuploidies and mutations of TP53, which both occur early in IBD-related tumorigenesis. In some IBD patients, genomic alterations can already be detected in colonic mucosa without any histologic signs of dysplasia. Genomic analysis of multiregional samples from colectomy specimens of IBD patients revealed distinct tumor evolutionary patterns. This suggests an increased genomic instability in the chronically inflamed bowel that enables the emergence of multiple, phylogenetically unrelated neoplastic lesions within the colorectum of a single IBD patient. This article summarizes the genomic alterations underlying IBD-associated colorectal tumorigenesis and the evolutionary patterns from inflamed, not yet dysplastic epithelium to CRC. Furthermore, it is discussed how this knowledge can eventually be exploited for early detection of malignant progression of IBD and thus help to improve the clinical management and surveillance schedule of IBD patients.