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Forschungen zur Archäologie Außereuropäischer Kulturen, Band 03.1, Als erstes Ergebnis der 1905 aufgenommenen diplomatischen Beziehungen mit dem Kaiserreich Äthiopien wurden im Frühjahr 1906 deutsche Ausgrabungen in der heiligen Stadt Aksum unter der Leitung des Orientalisten Enno Littmann (1875–1958) durchgeführt. Es war ein überaus erfolgreiches Unternehmen, das Kaiser Wilhelm II. tatkräftig unterstützte. 1913 wurden die Ergebnisse in vier Bänden publiziert. In zwei Bänden werden nun neue Einblicke zur Deutschen Aksum-Expedition vorgelegt. Band 1 erläutert die Hintergründe, beschreibt Land und Geschichte Eritreas, stellt die Akteure und die Stationen der Reise in Eritrea vor und beschreibt die aufgesuchten archäologischen Plätze. Band 2 wird sich dem Aufenthalt in Äthiopien widmen. Diese Publikation richtet sich nicht nur an Fachwissenschaftler sondern auch an alle an Eritrea und Äthiopien Interessierte., As a first result of the diplomatic relations with the Ethiopian Empire, which were established in 1905, archaeological excavations were started in Spring 1906 in the sacred city of Aksum under supervision of the orientalist Enno Littmann (1875-1958). This has proven to be a very successful campaign, generously supported by the German Emperor WilhemII. The results of that campaign were published in four volumes in1913. New aspects of the German Aksum-Expedition are now published in two volumes. Volume 1 describes background, land and history of Eritrea, presents the people and locations involved. The forthcoming volume 2 will be mainly dealing with Ethiopia. This publication is not exclusively targeted on scientists, but adresses all people interested in Eritrea and Ethiopia.

Warum sehen Karten in China anders aus als in Europa? Warum scheinen interaktive Karten auf dem Smartphone oft noch nicht intuitiv nutzbar zu sein? Warum gelten Dashboards für Fachthemen, z.B. der aktuellen Corona-Lage, meist als kompliziert zu verstehen und benutzen? Der 3. Workshop Spatial is Special auf der Mensch und Computer greift diese Fragen im Rahmen von drei Trendthemen auf: Geo UX in verschiedenen Kulturkreisen, UX von mobilen Karten und UX von Geo-Dashboards. Interdisziplinäre Teilnehmer*innen diskutieren und erarbeiten diese Themen in mehreren Sessions. Der Workshop wird von Mitgliedern des German UPA Arbeitskreises Geo UX (https://germanupa.de/arbeitskreis-geo-ux) organisiert.

Patients with palliative diseases often suffer from a variety of onerous symptoms with marked impairment in quality of life. The treatment is often difficult. One reason is that patients usually have several problems at the same time. Another reason is that the need for medication can cause additional side effects, which in turn have to be treated as well. In this article we explain most of these symptoms and give treatment recommendations based on the current literature (excluding pain therapy). In particular, this article is divided into the following sub-items: mucositis/stomatitis, dyspnea, nausea, constipation, anxiety, depression, weakness/fatigue, delirium, sleep disorders and terminal restlessness, pruritus, pleural effusion, ascites. Most palliative patients need individualized treatment. Sometimes medication has to be used in an off-label way, and sometimes one must just hold a hand and be there for the patient or their relatives. The most important principle in working with palliative care patients is to maintain or restore quality of life. Our therapy should always be adapted to the needs of the patient and the most important goal is to preserve our patients' autonomy.Patienten in palliativer Erkrankungsphase leiden häufig unter einer Vielzahl belastender Symptome mit deutlicher Einschränkung der Lebensqualität. Die Behandlung gestaltet sich hierbei oftmals schwierig. Zum einen, da die Patienten zumeist mehrere Probleme gleichzeitig mitbringen, und zum anderen, weil die notwendigen Medikamente an anderer Stelle Nebenwirkungen hervorrufen können, die ihrerseits wiederum behandelt werden müssen. Im vorliegenden Artikel erläutern wir einen Großteil dieser Symptome und geben Behandlungsempfehlungen anhand der aktuellen Literatur (ausgenommen Schmerztherapie). Im Speziellen ist der Artikel in folgende Unterpunkte gegliedert: Mukositis/Stomatitis, Atemnot, Übelkeit, Obstipation, Angst, Depression, Schwäche/Fatigue, Delir, Schlafstörungen und terminale Unruhe, Pruritus, Pleuraerguss, Aszites. Nur selten kann man in der Arbeit mit Palliativpatienten nach Lehrbuch vorgehen. Man muss improvisieren, Medikamente abseits ihrer Zulassung (Off-Label) gebrauchen oder manchmal auch einfach nur da sein. Der wichtigste Grundsatz in der Arbeit mit Palliativpatienten liegt in der Erhaltung oder Wiederherstellung der Lebensqualität. Unsere Therapie sollte immer an die Bedürfnisse des Patienten angepasst sein und es gilt, die Autonomie des Betroffenen zu wahren.

Robert möchte für seine Orientierungslaufgruppe eine gedruckte Karte von Hamburg erstellen. Lina sucht einen Datensatz mit Unigebäuden, um einen Campusnavigator zu programmieren. Für beide Projekte gibt es offene und damit kostenfrei bereitge-stellte Geodaten. Die zwei Beispiele deuten bereits das große Nutzungspotenzial solcher offenen Daten an. Allerdings gestal-tet sich der Zugang zu offenen Geodaten über sogenannte O-pen-Geodata-Portale oft noch wenig intuitiv. Im Workshop sollen Usability-Potentiale aktueller Open-Geodata-Portale aufgezeigt werden. Dazu arbeiten die Teilnehmer in Gruppen, und können idealerweise die domänen-übergreifenden Erfahrungen der anderen Teilnehmer nutzen. Dabei identifizieren, strukturieren und diskutieren sie ganzheitliche beziehungsweise nachhaltige Lösungsansätze für die Verbesserung der Usability. Teil dieser Usability sind unter ande-rem die Auffindbarkeit offener Geodaten sowie eine verständ-liche und zugleich anregende Visualisierung. Die Problem-Lösungs-Paare werden anschließend in der Online-Geo-Usability-Pattern-Sammlung der TU Dresden publiziert (https://usability.geo.tu-dresden.de).

Durch die Verbreitung von Smartphones werden Informationen bzw. Dienste mit Raumbezug in web-basierten Geographischen Informationssystemen (Web-GIS) zunehmend auch mobil genutzt. Eine zentrale Komponente vieler Web-GIS ist die Steuerung der dargestellten Karteninhalte. Für diese Steuerung stellen sowohl die kleinen Bildschirme als auch die unterschiedlichen Erfahrungen und Anforderungen der meist heterogenen Benutzergruppen eine Herausforderung dar. Viele existierende Ansätze übernehmen die Prinzipien von Desktop-Anwendungen und erschweren dadurch oft eine effektive, effiziente und zufriedenstellende Arbeit auf mobilen Geräten. Dieser Artikel stellt einen neuartigen Ansatz zur Steuerung von Karteninhalten für mobile Web-GIS durch ein Voice User Interface (VUI) vor. Die Ergebnisse der Evaluation anhand einer Benutzerstudie zeigen, dass dieser Ansatz die hedonische Qualität des mobilen Web-GIS steigert, während die pragmatische Qualität nahezu unverändert bleibt.

Postoperative nausea and vomiting are undesirable and unpleasant side effects after surgery and anaesthesia associated with delayed oral intake and postoperative recovery, and impaired parental satisfaction. Since current modalities against PONV are cheap, highly effective, and almost free from relevant side-effects - providing contraindications are appropriately considered -, recommendations tend to move away from risk-score guided administration of antiemetic towards a more liberal administration policy or even favour routine administration to children undergoing general anaesthesia for surgery combined with total-intrevanous anaesthesia using propfol and reduction of perioperative opioid administration.

A natural population of Drosophila melanogaster was sampled twice over a 5-year interval from the same French locality in the same season. Reaction norms of wing and thorax length and wing/thorax ratio, according to growth temperature (12-31 °C) were analysed in ten isofemale lines for each sample. Reaction norms were very similar between years, showing not only a remarkable stability of the average size but also of the reactivity to temperature. Wing and thorax length reaction norms were characterized by the co-ordinates of their maxima (MV = maximum value of character; TMV = temperature of maximum value). The wing/thorax ratio, which exhibited a decreasing sigmoid norm, was characterized by the co-ordinates of the inflexion point. Again, these characteristic values were found to be very similar for samples between years. The results were further analysed by pooling the 20 lines into a single data set. Heritability was significantly variable according to temperature, but in a fairly irregular way with lowest values at extreme temperatures. Genetic variance of the three traits exhibited more regular variation with a minimum at intermediate temperatures and maxima at extreme high or low temperatures. Such was also the case of evolvability, i.e. the genetic coefficient of variation. Heritability and evolvability were found to be slightly but negatively correlated, showing that they provide independent biological information. The temporal stability of a natural population over the years suggests some stabilizing selection for both mean body size and plasticity. For laboratory evolution experiments, the natural origin population might be useful as a genetic control over time. © Inra/Elsevier, Paris

Tapentadol is a new centrally acting analgesic with a dual mode of action as an agonist of the µ-opioid receptor and as a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the results from randomized controlled trials investigating the relative amount of adverse effects using tapentadol or oxycodone for the treatment of pain.A quantitative systematic review was carried out according to the PRISMA recommendations on randomized controlled trials comparing tapentadol and oxycodone in pain treatment. The incidences of typical adverse side effects of opioid-based analgesic therapy (e.g. nausea, vomiting, obstipation or pruritus) were extracted and the pooled relative risks (RR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.A total of 9 trials involving 7,948 patients were included and of these 2,810 patients were treated with oxycodone and 5,138 were treated with tapentadol in equivalent analgesic dosages as documented by an equivalent analgesic effect. The risk of typical opioid-based adverse effects, such as nausea (RR 0.61; 95% CI 0.57-0.66), vomiting (RR 0.50, 95% CI: 0.41-0.60), obstipation (RR 0.47, 95%-CI 0.40-0.56), dizziness (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.78-0.95), somnolence (RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.67-0.86) and pruritus (RR 0.46, 95% CI 0.37-0.58) was reduced when tapentadol was used for analgesic treatment. These adverse effects were investigated in all nine trials. The risk for dryness of the mouth (6 trials, 6,218 patients, RR 1.79, 95% CI 1.40-2.29) and dyspepsia (1 trial, 646 patients, RR 2.75, 95% CI 1.09-6.94) was increased when tapentadol was used instead of oxycodone. There were no significant differences in the relative risk for any other investigated adverse effect such as dysentery, headache or fatigue.The results show that using tapentadol significantly reduces the risk of the typical opioid-based adverse effects compared with oxycodone while providing equivalent analgesic treatment.

Complétementaires et antagonistes, les relations entre histoire et mémoire en tant qu’appropriations du passé sont une question à la fois épistémique, politique et éthique. Elles sont intimement liées à la connaissance et aux usages sociaux du passé. Si la question ne date pas d’hier, elle a pris une importance nouvelle depuis les trente dernières années sous l’impulsion de ce que les historiens Pierre Nora, François Hartog et Allan Megill ont aptement et respectivement nommé le « moment-mémo...

The aim was to update recommendations concerning the management of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) for German speaking countries.An expert panel produced evidence-based, consented statements graded according to the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN).Relevant risk factors for PONV include female gender, non-smoking status, history of PONV, history of motion sickness, use of intra- and postoperative opioids, volatile anesthetics and nitrous oxide. PONV scoring systems allow for an approximative risk assessment as a basis for a risk adapted approach. Since a risk-adapted prophylaxis vs. a risk-independent, fixed (combined) prophylaxis has not yet proven superior and because of inherent limitations of PONV scoring systems a fixed prophylaxis may be favourable. Regardless of the strategy for prophylaxis of PONV, high risk patients must be given a multimodal prophylaxis by avoiding known risk factors and applying multiple validated and effective antiemetic interventions. In the case of PONV immediate treatment is indicated due to its relevance for patients as well as the economic and medicolegal implications PONV may have.Given the impact of PONV on patient satisfaction and the availability of effective and safe measures to prevent and treat PONV, further efforts should be taken to actually implement present evidence in order to improve patient?s outcome following surgical procedures.

Local infiltration analgesia (LIA) is usually performed intraoperatively by the surgeon who injects 150 mL (300 mg Ropivacain, 30 mg Ketorolac and 0.5 mg adrenalin) into the bone, cartilage, ligament, musculature, or hyperdermis. A tight bandage and ice cooling for 4 - 6 hours lengthen the duration of analgesia, mobilisation can be undertaken about 5 hours after the operation. Besides large observation-in-use studies, there are 11 randomised studies in the fields of total hip and knee arthroplasty that report comparisons with systemic analgesia as well as with epidural or peripheral anaesthesia, all of which showed positive results for LIA. In addition LIA is safe, has favourable costs and does not require any special technical abilities in contrast to epidural and peripheral regional anaesthesia.

Infections after performance of a spinal anaesthesia (SPA) are rare. Reports in the literature on the frequency of cases of meningitis that occur after a spinal anaesthesia vary between 3.7/100,000 and 7.2/100,000. Spinal abscesses after SPA have a calculated incidence of 1/1,260,000. However, such abscesses are often associated with serious consequences for the patient. Epidural/spinal abscesses can damage the spinal cord through compression or directly. Mortality is reported to range from almost 10% up to 16%. Prognostic factors for an unfavourable course are old age, the extent of spinal cord compression and the time between the onset of symptoms and the start of therapy. Paralyses that exist for less than 36 hours are associated with a better survival or, respectively, a better recovery of neurological functions. Altogether, only about 40% of the patients recover completely, the rest suffer from persisting neurological deficits. In 27% of the cases, the neurological deficits are severe. According to legislation, every institution has to have a hygiene plan or a hygiene SOP, also for the performance of SPA. In 2006 the scientific working group "Regional Anaesthesia" of the German Society for Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine (Deutschen Gesellschaft für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, DGAI) published hygiene recommendations for the execution and further management of regional anaesthetic procedures that can be used for orientation. These recommendations are based to a large extent on guidelines of the Robert Koch Institute (RKI) for the prevention of infections associated with vessel catheters. When an infection occurs, a timely diagnosis with the help of MRI studies and, if necessary, liquor puncture as well as a rapid initiation of treatment is of decisive importance for the prevention of late squeals.

The aim of the present study was to conduct a meta-analysis of the results from randomized controlled trials investigating the relative efficacy of droperidol versus metoclopramide for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV).A systematic literature search for randomized controlled trials comparing droperidol and metoclopramide for the prevention of PONV was performed according to the PRISMA recommendations. The incidence of PONV within the early (0-6 h) and cumulative postoperative periods (0-48 h) was collated and the pooled relative risk (RR) with the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated. Results from a subgroup analysis are presented excluding the data of a Japanese group (Fujii et al.) which are given in parentheses.A total of 41 (30) trials with a total number of 3,491 (2,721) patients were included and of these 12 (8) trials with 1,403 (1,083) patients reported data of the early period and 32 (21) studies with 2,656 (1,836) patients comprised data of the cumulative period. A total of 1,797 (1,309) patients were treated with droperidol (0.25-5 mg) and 1,694 (1,412) with metoclopramide (5-50 mg). In the early period the risk for PONV after metoclopramide was 35% (95%-CI: 17-57%) higher than after prophylaxis with droperidol (without Fujii data: 46%; 23-73%). During the cumulative period the risk for PONV after metoclopramide was increased by 20% (95%-CI: 7-37%) compared to droperidol (without Fujii data: 25%; 4-50%). Due to heterogenous dosing of both drugs subgroup analyses with distinct dose intervals were performed with increments of 0.75 mg for droperidol and 7 mg for metoclopramide. Droperidol was superior in 17 (12) out of 19 (14) subgroup analyses. Comparing recommended doses of droperidol (0.75-1.5 mg) with low doses of metoclopramide (7-14 mg) and medium metoclopramide doses (14-21 mg) PONV was increased by 12% (95%-CI: -11% to 42%) and 32% (95%-CI: 4%-66%), respectively when metoclopramide instead of droperidol was used. When higher doses of metoclopramide (20 mg) were used the superiority of droperidol was less pronounced and did not reach statistical significance due to the limited numbers of trials included in this analysis (3 studies, 662 patients). The risk for PONV after high-dose metoclopramide was increased by 13% (95%-CI: -21% to +61%) for the early period and by 19% (95%-CI: -11% to +57%) for the cumulative observation period.For the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting droperidol is significantly superior to metoclopramide doses below 20 mg. There was no obvious positive dose response with respect to increasing doses of metoclopramide. There was also a trend towards higher efficacy of droperidol compared to higher doses of metoclopramide (≥20 mg). However, there were not enough comparative studies to show a statistically significant result in this subgroup analysis. These data support the notion that droperidol in low doses may represent the more effective D(2)-antagonist for a pharmacological armamentarium to cope with PONV.

According to numerous pharmacoeconomic studies new anaesthesia techniques can improve recovery times and thus can have a positive economic impact on patient turnover. However, artificial study protocols do not always match real world situations and thus the practical impact of such studies remains unclear.At 10 hospitals exclusively using sevoflurane as a volatile anaesthetic, the ad hoc implementation of desflurane was studied with respect to post-anaesthetic recovery times (primary endpoint) and postoperative outcome measured by the Quality of Recovery Score- (QoR-)40, on the first postoperative day was investigated. Randomization of patients undergoing elective surgical procedures under general anaesthesia with sevoflurane (n=186) or desflurane (n=176) was started immediately after a period of a few days after introducing the new drug to all participants. Except for the volatile anaesthetic the anaesthetic procedure was performed according to local standing operating procedures.All parameters indicating the immediate postanaesthetic recovery were superior in the patients receiving desflurane (mean±SD). Time to extubation was accelerated from 8.7±9.7 to 6.2±6.8 min. Times to recalling name and date of birth were accelerated by 2.6 and 3.8 min, respectively. Transferring the patients from the operating theatre to the post-anaesthetic recovery unit was 17.3±11.5 min after sevoflurane and 13.7±7.8 min after anaesthesia with desflurane. Eligibility for discharge according to a modified Aldrete score (White and Song 1999) was reached after 103±98 and 79±76 min, respectively. The postoperative recovery (QoR 40 questionnaire) did not differ 24 h later.The implementation of a new drug (here: desflurane to substitute sevoflurane) can improve speed of recovery immediately after termination of anaesthesia even after a very short period of introducing the new technique but has no positive long term effects. Thus, the results of this trial performed under a real world scenario (health service research) without tight standardization by an artificial study protocol supports the results originating from randomized controlled clinical trials.