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The beta-lactam antibiotics are some of the safest and best-tolerated antibiotic agents; however, many patients have reported allergies against penicillin. All beta-lactam antibiotics are only restrictively prescribed for these patients and alternative antibiotics are increasingly given, which carries the risk of negative clinical results and socioeconomic sequelae; however, over 95% of patients who reported an allergy to penicillin show a negative result in the allergy tests for penicillin and this antibiotic can safely be prescribed. The use of sensitive and specific instruments for identification of false penicillin allergies should be an important topic within the framework of antibiotic stewardship. Anesthesists can play a central role in the reduction of the enormous individual and public health burden associated with the classification of penicillin allergy by taking an appropriate medical history and a risk stratification for the identification of patients with a penicillin allergy. This overview article presents a possible delabelling algorithm within the framework of the clarification of a beta-lactam antibiotic allergy. The focus is on a structured allergy anamnesis using the penicillin allergy, five or fewer years ago, anaphylaxis/angioedema, severe cutaneous adverse reaction (SCAR) and treatment required for allergy episode (PEN-FAST) score. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of local anesthetics revolutionized the performance of painful interventions. Local anesthetics have an effect on voltage-gated sodium channels in nerve fibers and modulate the conduction of impulses. With respect to the chemical structure, local anesthetics can be divided into amide and ester types. The structural differences of local anesthetics have an influence on the duration of action, the degradation pathways and specific side effects. Severe adverse events include cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity. In addition to basic measures, such as the monitoring and securing of vital parameters, lipid infusion represents a treatment option in cases of intoxication. The recent developments of local anesthetics are particularly concerned with the reduction of toxicity and prolonging the duration of action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Nachrichten aus der Chemie is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Die Urologie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nachrichten aus der Chemie is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nachrichten aus der Chemie is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nachrichten aus der Chemie is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nachrichten aus der Chemie is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nachrichten aus der Chemie is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zentralblatt fuer Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz und Ergonomie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A new binuclear Cd(II) complex, [Cd2(H2tmidc)4(H2O)2]·6H2O (1) based on 2-(1H-tetrazol-1-methyl)-1H-imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid (H3tmidc) has been synthesized and structurally characterized. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis has revealed that there are two crystallographically distinct H2tmidc– anions in complex 1, one of which is coordinated to Cd(II) ion in a terminal fashion, while the other acts as a bis-connector linking two Cd(II) cations to form the dinuclear structure. The dimeric units are stabilized by intra-molecular O–H···O hydrogen bonds and π-π stacking interactions and are further connected into a three-dimensional supramolecular architecture through inter-molecular hydrogen bonds and π-π stacking interactions. The interactions of complex 1 with bovine serum albumin (BSA) were analyzed by fluorescence measurements under physiological conditions. The results have indicated that the fluorescence intensity of BSA was decreased considerably upon the addition of complex 1 through a static quenching mechanism. The synchronous fluorescence spectrum suggested that the interaction of complex 1 with BSA affects the conformations of tryptophan and tyrosine residues and thereby has an influence on the conformation of BSA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The discovery of barbituric acid and research on its derivatives have long been of importance in advancements in modern anesthesia. Decades of clinical use of barbiturates worldwide and their abuse has led to an enormous amount of knowledge. Thiopental and methohexital are ultra-short acting derivatives of barbiturates. Their clinical application has been accompanied by an enormous increase in the knowledge of the pharmacology of cerebrally active drugs, in particular gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABAA) receptor and GABA-induced effects on nerve cell membranes. Despite the development of newer substances, thiopental still has a firm place in clinical applications. Currently it is mainly used in obstetrics for induction of cesarean sections under general anesthesia. A disadvantage, when properly used to induce anesthesia, is usually only the prolonged elimination kinetics of barbiturates. It is beneficial that barbiturates do not require side effect provoking solubilizers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nachrichten aus der Chemie is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zentralblatt fuer Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz und Ergonomie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Advances in infrared laser technology and detection sensitivity have made time-resolved chiral vibrational spectroscopy experimentally feasible. Here we describe our recent efforts in detecting, for the first time, transient vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) signals with picosecond time resolution. The absorption changes of the cobalt (?)-sparteine complex Co(sp)Cl2 after visible excitation of a d-d excited state was probed in the CH-stretch region by alternating left- and right-handed circular polarized mid IR laser pulses. VCD spectra can be sensitive reporters of peptide and protein secondary structure or the absolute configuration of chiral organic compounds in solution. Recent developments are presented, which may in the future allow us to access this information in the course of fast chemical reactions.

For the past two decades the extraordinary molecular recognition properties of DNA molecules have been used for the creation of artificial molecular structures. Following the initial production of simple molecular objects and lattices, with the recent invention of the DNA origami technique the complexity of these structures has considerably increased. Now the construction of almost arbitrary molecular nanostructures from DNA in two and even three dimensions is feasible - and first concrete applications in biomedicine and nanotechnology are in reach. In addition to static molecular structures, also dynamical systems such as molecular machines, molecular motors, and molecular computers can be realized. The combination of these functions within integrated systems currently leads to the development of first molecular 'robots' and assembly lines for nanotechnology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Femtosecond degenerate four-wave mixing (fs-DFWM) is a Raman scattering type of rotational coherence spectroscopy that can be utilized for the measurement of highly accurate rotational and centrifugal constants of nonpolar molecules. The accuracy of the method has been tested using cyclopropane (C3H6). The rotational and centrifugal distortion constants of this symmetric-top molecule are known to high accuracy. The fs-DFWM constants are currently only surpassed by those determined by dipole distortion microwave spectroscopy.

Copyright of Osteopathische Medizin is the property of Elsevier GmbH, Urban & Fischer Verlag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Completely-optimized S and S molecular geometries of anthanthrene and the theoretical vibronic line spectrum of the S → S fluorescence are presented. The experimental spectroscopic peaks are satisfactorily reproduced by the calculated vibronic transitions within the Condon approach. An analysis of the active vibrational modes being responsible for the spectrum structure is given. The photophysical S state deactivation of anthanthrene is discussed with respect to the fluorescence and internal conversion quantum yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Completely-optimized S and S molecular geometries of 5,6-dihydrobenzo[c]xanthylium ion are presented. Using these structural results the influence of structural fixation and of substitution on its spectral behaviour in absorption and fluorescence is studied theoretically and compared with experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Completely-optimized S and S molecular geometries of 2-phenyl benzopyrylium ion are presented. Using these structural results the influence of different substituents on its spectral behaviour in absorption and fluorescence is studied theoretically and compared with the corresponding experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Completely-optimized S and S molecular geometries of 2,5-diphenylfurane and the theoretical vibronic line spectra for its absorption and fluorescence are presented. The experimental spectroscopic peaks are reasonably reproduced by the calculated vibronic transitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The molecular structures of persilylated urazoles: tris-trimethylsilyl-urazole, bis-trimethylsilyl-4-methyl-urazole, bis-trimethylsilyl-4-methyl-dithio-urazole, and tris-trimethylsilyl-cyanurate have been determined bySi-,C-NMR and IR measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reductive halogen elimination from 1,4-dichlorooctacyclohexyltetrasilane gives octacyclohexylcyclotetrasilane ( 4) in high yield. The X-ray structure analysis of 4 reveals a folded Si-framework with an angle of 27.6° between the two halves of the puckered ring corresponding to a Si-Si bond lengthening to d=239.1 pm. All cyclohexyl rings assume a chair conformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structures of the title compounds 2, 5 and 6 were determined by single crystal X-ray methods at room temperature ( 2) and at 140 K ( 5 and 6). The molecules contain approximately planar CNO (or CNOS) groups with considerable C-N, C-O and C-S-π-bonding. The C-C bond distances in the four membered rings of the 2,4-bisamides (squaraines) 5 and 6 vary between 143.9 (6) and 146.9 with a mean value of 145.8 pm. In the 3,4-bisamide 2 the cyclobutendionestructure is more pronounced with d(C-C) ranging from 142.5 (4) to 148.8 (5) pm. The packing mode of 2, 5 and 6 are related by group-subgroup relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Chemical Monthly / Monatshefte für Chemie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zentralblatt fuer Arbeitsmedizin, Arbeitsschutz und Ergonomie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)