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Purpose: Literature indicates that open classroom climate (OCC) is a positive influence on civic outcomes. Few studies have explored factors that appear to facilitate OCC. Most research on OCC has focused on Western countries. The emphasis has been on individual student characteristics related to OCC with little attention made to school level effects. The purpose of the present study was to investigate both individual and school level influences on OCC using Asian student samples. Methodology: Data were drawn from the five Asian societies that participated in the 2009 International Civics and Citizenship Education Study. Multilevel regression analysis was used to test individual and school level relationships in the data. Findings: There were significant differences among the five societies with regard to student perceptions of OCC. At the individual level, results showed the importance of good student-teacher relationships, students’ discussion experiences outside school, and civic participating at school for promoting OCC. Civic knowledge and self-efficacy were positively related to OCC in four Asian societies. The roles of school level predictors differed from society to society, some predictors even working in the opposite direction. Different cultural contexts, local policies, and school system characteristics might account for these differences., JSSE - Journal of Social Science Education, 1-2018 School Democracy and Increased Student Diversity

Die MINT-Fächer (Mathematik, Informatik, Naturwissenschaft, Technik) spielen für Deutschland eine erhebliche gesellschaftliche und politische Rolle. Es lohnt sich also, Anstrengungen zu unternehmen, um möglichst viele junge Heranwachsende für diese Fächer zu interessieren und fundierte MINT-Kompetenzen zu vermitteln. Fraglos sind dafür langfristige und nachhaltige Maßnahmen der MINT-Förderung notwendig, die beispielsweise im Rahmen eines MINT-Schwerpunkts an Schulen stattfinden können. Diese Broschüre berichtet über Initiativen von Schulen, die bereits einen Schwerpunkt im MINT-Bereich haben. Sie zeigt auf, welche Veränderungen der schulischen Rahmenbedingungen erfolgreich waren und welche weniger. Diese praktischen Erfahrungsberichte werden untermauert durch Befunde aus der empirischen Bildungsforschung. Sie macht so Erfahrungen aus der Praxis zugänglich und beschreibt evidenzbasiert, wie aktuell ein MINT-Schwerpunkt gestaltet sein kann und MINT-Angebote erfolgreich implementiert werden können. Die Broschüre soll als Ideengeber „von Schulen für Schulen“ mit Anpassungspotenzial für die eigene Schulsituation dienen. (DIPF/Orig.)

Die Erfindung beschreibt die Auslegung einer Anordnung eines magnetooptischen Systems, bei dem für eine vorgegebene Wellenlänge der einfallenden elektromagnetischen Welle eine bestimmte Polarisation der reflektierten oder transmittierten Welle erreicht wird. Die erfindungsgemäße Anordnung und das Verwendungsverfahren ermöglicht den Einsatz zur Optimierung der Auslegung eines magnetooptischen Systems um die "Ziel"-Polarisation der reflektierten oder transmittierten Welle zu erreichen oder eines magnetooptischen Speichers oder eines Magnetfeldsensors. Weiterhin werden mit der Erfindung der Aufbau eines magnetooptischen Modulators oder eines Multiplexers mit magnetooptischen Komponente ermöglicht.

The aim of this study was to receive basic data on the transport of mineral and organic N and P from the top soil to the subsoil in conventional and organic farming in Korea. It was focused to deliver the information about the environmental impact of Korean organic farming systems with regards to ground water pollution. High ammonium concentrations have been recorded in the seepage waters from the organic farming system, while the concentrations were negligibly low in the conventional farming plots as also found in other open field studies. The content of organic nitrogen in the seepage water from conventional farming systems were up to 4 % of the total nitrogen in the seepage water, while it was increased to 8% in organic farming systems. The content of total organic phosphorous are is 6 times higher in the organic farming soils under greenhouse conditions compared to the conventionally fertilized soils under greenhouse. It was concluded that the Korean organic farming system shows some ecological risks in term of ground water pollution not only by nitrate and mineral phosphate, but also by organic nitrogen and phosphorus.

This study aimed to find out the odor and irrigation contamination by duck-rice farming systems and its weed control, rice growth and yield under the system with hairy vetch cultivation. Rice yield was reached at 4.1t/ha in the plot of duck-rice + hairy vetch cultivation while the plot of duck-rice achieved only 3.9t/ha. The nitrate nitrogen concentration in irrigated water ranged between 0.17 and 0.37ppm and did not show much difference among the treatments until the end of June, but the maximum difference detected was in the duck-rice plot in July, 0.11ppm, compared to the hairy plot and duck-rice + hairy vetch plot, 0.08ppm and 0.09ppm respectively. But the concentration of ammonium nitrogen at the end of July reached 4.07ppm in the plot of duck-rice, but it was 2.83ppm in the plot of duck-rice + hairy vetch and 2.12ppm in the hairy vetch plot respectively. The bio-mass of weed showed the lowest in the plot of duck rice + hairy vetch and highest in hairy vetch plot among the treatments. The plot of duck-rice shows the water contamination in terms of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen in the irrigation outlet and strong odor of duck dung even in the neighboring or surrounding field were detected due to high number of ducks introduced in the duck-rice system, 300 ducklings/ha. Therefore, it is strongly recommended to reduce the number of ducks introduced to the rice field. It was concluded that cultivation of hairy vetch in the duck-rice system is necessary because it shows not only the positive environmental impact such as irrigation water and insect habitats, but also the rice growth and yield.

In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden Ansätze zur partitionierten Lösung gekoppelter, dynamischer Systeme untersucht, und zwar vor allem im Hinblick auf die Eignung für die geometrisch nichtlineare Strukturdynamik und für die transiente Interaktion von instationären, inkompressiblen Strömungen mit flexiblen Strukturen bei grossen Strukturdeformationen. Dazu werden zunächst die in unterschiedlichen Disziplinen entwickelten Formulierungen in einem terminologisch möglichst einheitlichen Rahmen zusammengestellt, und im Sinne einer klassifizierenden Übersicht gegliedert. Es wird hierbei nach der Art der räumlichen Partitionierung und der in den Teilfeldern eingesetzten Zeitintegrationsverfahren sowie nach der Kopplungsstrategie unterschieden, da diese Kriterien von fundamentaler Bedeutung für Konstruktion und numerische Eigenschaften der einzelnen partitionierten Lösungsmethoden sind., The present report studies methods for the partitioned solution of coupled dynamical systems, particularly with regard to geometrically nonlinear structural dynamics and the transient interaction of instationary, incompressible flows with flexible structures featuring large deformations. Formulations developed in different scientific disciplines are compiled within a unified framework and classifying survey. They are differentiated according to the type of spacial partitioning, the time integration methods used in the subsystems, and the coupling strategy, as these criteria are of fundamental relevance for construction and numerical properties of the specific partitioned schemes.