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2 results on '"Michigan State University"'

1. Phenomes: the current frontier in animal breeding

Author

Miguel Pérez-Enciso, Juan P. Steibel, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España), National Institute of Food and Agriculture (US), Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Michigan State University [East Lansing], and Michigan State University System

Subjects
Opinion, Livestock, lcsh:QH426-470, [SDV.SA.ZOO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Zootechny, Genomics, Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Frontier, Phenomics, Genetics, Animals, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, lcsh:SF1-1100, 0303 health sciences, Animal Welfare (journal), 0402 animal and dairy science, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, 040201 dairy & animal science, Data science, [SDV.GEN.GA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Animal genetics, lcsh:Genetics, Animal Science and Zoology, lcsh:Animal culture, Genomic selection, Selective Breeding
Abstract

Improvements in genomic technologies have outpaced the most optimistic predictions, allowing industry-scale application of genomic selection. However, only marginal gains in genetic prediction accuracy can now be expected by increasing marker density up to sequence, unless causative mutations are identified. We argue that some of the most scientifically disrupting and industry-relevant challenges relate to ‘phenomics’ instead of ‘genomics’. Thanks to developments in sensor technology and artificial intelligence, there is a wide range of analytical tools that are already available and many more will be developed. We can now address some of the pressing societal demands on the industry, such as animal welfare concerns or efficiency in the use of resources. From the statistical and computational point of view, phenomics raises two important issues that require further work: penalization and dimension reduction. This will be complicated by the inherent heterogeneity and ‘missingness’ of the data. Overall, we can expect that precision livestock technologies will make it possible to collect hundreds of traits on a continuous basis from large numbers of animals. Perhaps the main revolution will come from redesigning animal breeding schemes to explicitly allow for high-dimensional phenomics. In the meantime, phenomics data will definitely enlighten our knowledge on the biological basis of phenotypes., MPE is funded by MINECO Grants PID2019-108829RB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and “Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa 2016-2019” award SEV-2015-0533 (Spain). JPS is funded by NIFA award 2017-67007-26176 (USA).

Published
2021

2. Update on Biometry and Lens Calculation - A Review of the Basic Principles and New Developments.

Author

Wendelstein J, Kohnen T, Casazza M, Heath M, Riaz KM, Cooke DL, Hoffmann P, and Langenbucher A

Subjects
Artificial Intelligence, Axial Length, Eye diagnostic imaging, Biometry, Cornea, Humans, Optics and Photonics, Refraction, Ocular, Retrospective Studies, Lenses, Intraocular, Phacoemulsification
Abstract

These days, accurate calculation of artificial lenses is an important aspect of patient management. In addition to the classic theoretical optical formulae there are a number of new approaches, most of which are available as online calculators. This review aims to explain the background of artificial lens calculation and provide an update on study results based on the latest calculation approaches. Today, optical biometry provides the computational basis for theoretical optical formulae, ray tracing, and also empirical approaches using artificial intelligence. Manufacturer information on IOL design and IOL power recorded as part of quality control could improve calculations, especially for higher IOL powers. With modern measurement data, there is further potential for improvement in the determination of the axial length to the retinal pigment epithelium and by adopting a sum-of-segment approach. With the available data, the cornea can be assumed to be a thick lens. The Kane formula, the EVO 2.0 formula, the Castrop formula, the PEARL-DGS, formula and the OKULIX calculation software provide consistently good results for artificial lens calculations. Excellent refractive results can be achieved using these tools, with approximately 80% having an absolute prediction error within 0.50 dpt, at least in highly selected study populations. The Barrett Universal II formula also produces excellent results in the normal and long axial length range. For eyes with short axial lengths, the use of Barrett Universal II should be reconsidered; in this case, one of the methods mentioned above is preferable. Second Eye Refinement can also be considered in this patient population, in conjunction with established classic third generation formulae., Competing Interests: Dr. Wendelstein berichtet über persönliche Honorare von Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Alcon und Johnson & Johnson Vision außerhalb der eingereichten Arbeit. Er hat keine beratende Funktion in einem der vorgenannten Unternehmen. Prof. Kohnen berichtet über Honorare für seine Beratertätigkeit und für Forschungsarbeiten von Alcon/Novartis, J & J, Lensgen, Oculentis, Oculus, Presbia, Schwind und Zeiss. Des Weiteren berichtet er über persönliche Honorare für seine Beratertätigkeit von Allergan, Bausch & Lomb, Geuder, Med Update, Santen, Staar, Thieme und Ziemer. Dr. Riaz berichtet über Beratungshonorare von Ambrx Phamaceuticals und persönliche Honorare von Bausch and Lomb und CorneaGen außerhalb der eingereichten Arbeit. Dr. Hoffmann berichtet über persönliche Honorare von Hoya und Johnson & Johnson außerhalb der eingereichten Arbeit. Er hat keine beratende Funktion in einem der vorgenannten Unternehmen. Dr. Langenbucher berichtet über persönliche Honorare von Hoya Surgical und Johnson & Johnson Vision außerhalb der eingereichten Arbeit. Er hat keine beratende Funktion in einem der vorgenannten Unternehmen. Darüber hinaus gibt es keine weiteren Interessenkonflikte., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)

Published
2022
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