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In June 2016, a wild re outbreak in the region of Solea, district of Nicosia, Cyprus, resulted in the total loss of 18.5 km2 of vegetated area. The area accommodates a number of cultural heritage sites, amongst them sites included in the UNESCO list of World Heritage Monuments such as the Churches of "Panagia tis Asinou", in Nikitari and "Panagia tis Podithou" in Galata. The incident proved to be a turning point in the reconsideration of the signi cance of monitoring the risk posed by re on Cultural Heritage sites. Earth Observation and Remote Sensing techniques provide an e cient and cost e ective way of estimating the parameters behind wild re outbreaks. With the introduction of the Copernicus Sentinel satellite constellation, the extent to which these parameters can be studied is further enabled with short revisit times and higher resolution sensors. The current study aims to explore the estimation of the likelihood of a re outbreak in the vicinity of candidate Cultural Heritage sites in Cyprus with the use of Sentinel-2 Multispectral Instrument (MSI) imagery. A number of causative agents such as the class and density of vegetation were derived from Sentinel-2 imagery through the estimation of spectral indices coupled with ancillary topographic information such as elevation, slope and aspect derived from a Digital Terrain Model (DTM). A weighted formula for multicriteria analysis was constructed based on the signi cance of each factor in re outbreak. Based on the analysis, a map for each of the candidate sites was created with assigned likelihood of re which was then validated against an archive data pool of past re incidences.

Copernicus European Union Programme aiming at developing European information services based on satellite Earth Observation and in situ (non-space) data, is coordinated and managed by the European Commission. Several Copernicus services are currently provided from the Sentinel satellites and other supporting missions. Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 can provide systematic radar and optical data worldwide with a high temporal resolution. This paper focuses on the potential use of these sensors for Cultural Heritage applications, providing in this way valuable information to stakeholders and other end-users as well as the archaeological community. Examples include the exploitation of the satellite products for the detection of damaged archaeological sites in the cities of Palmyra and Nimrud. CH sites in Syria and Iraq, as well as to examine potential soil marks in the UNESCO World Heritage Site of' Nea Paphos" in Cyprus. Looting marks have been based on supporting WorldView-2 products, are also presented. The overall results, expose the potentialities of Earth Observation data and the promising use of the Copernicus Programme as a European service for World Heritage applications. This study was carried out under the H2020 ATHENA project.

Durch die stetige Optimierung der Prozesse und Technologien hin zu einer effizienteren und wandlungsfähigeren Produktion erhöhen sich auch die Anforderungen an die Datenverbindungen was die Wandlungsfähigkeit angeht. Da eine drahtlose Verbindung in der Fertigungsumgebung eine Entwicklung hin zur Wandlungsfähigkeit vereinfachen kann stellt sich die Herausforderung eine drahtlose Funktechnologie zu finden, mit der eine drahtlose Datenübertragung mit den erhöhten Anforderungen der Fertigungsumgebung realisiert werden kann und diese dann zu evaluieren. Der Anwendungsfall der hier betrachtet wird ist die Verwendung der drahtlosen Verbindung als protokollunabhängige drahtlose und transparente „Brücke“, um innerhalb einer Werkzeugmaschine den Feldbus über eine Distanz von bis zu 10 Metern zu überbrücken. Die drahtlose Verbindung wird in softwaredefinierter impulsbasierter Ultrabreitbandtechnik (UWB) realisiert. Dazu wird das Band von 3,1 GHz bis 10,6 GHz verwendet., This work proposes a solution for wireless field bus communication with ultrawide band (UWB) technology in manufacturing environments. A wireless field bus offers an important improvement to the smart factory due to increasing requirements for connectivity, adaptability and flexibility. Reliable data transmission for control and production data acquisition in a plant is a crucial issue. In particular, field devices are connected by wire so far but to increase the flexibility a wireless transmission is essential. This paper points out the potential of a wireless field bus and shows how it supports the seamless transit from the virtual to the real factory. In this work we analyze the requirements of a wireless field bus in the manufacturing environment. Different possibilities of a wireless connection are compared and the conclusion is that UWB is the appropriate technology and meets the requirements to be a reliable communication system. Our implementation strategy illustrates the advantages of wireless field bus communication with UWB and suggests how to realize a dynamic reconfigurable control and sensor network. In the first step the requirements and constraints of manufacturing environment was analyzed and a wireless field bus bridge was designed. After comparing different possible wireless communication technologies the transmission in the ultra-wide band was chosen. The transmitter and the receiver were designed modular, so in the second step the single modules could be simulated, assembled and measured separately. A manufacturing environment specific channel was created to get more accurate simulation results. Furthermore a band pass filter plus an envelope detector were designed. The coder and pulse generator were realized in a FPGA. An interface to the common field bus Profibus was created to integrate this wireless bridge in a manufacturing environment The measurements of this setup showed that the signal can be transmitted, but there is major difficulty with discrete components and the modular structure that way that the signal was observable but the data was not detectable with the envelop detector. In order to determine the best type of IR-UWB modulation a software defined radio system with direct sequence synthesizers is convenient. For this purpose on the transmitter side a digital-analog-converter (DAC) with 25 GS/s controlled by FPGA feeds directly the UWB antenna. On the receiver side the received signal is amplified by a low noise amplifier (LNA) and converted to a digital signal by an analog-digital converter with as well 25 GS/s. The digital signal is further processed with a FPGA. This enables the adaptation of transmission parameters during operation. Thereby the transmission parameter, channels, antennas and RF components can be investigated. A specific antenna on the Vivaldi-principle was developed improving the transmittance. With the first test bench it was not possible to reach the intended data rate, so it was necessary to start with a lower data rate Measurements shows that the transmission works also in rough environment with no line of sight. To make sure a low bit error rate a test file was transmitted and the difference checked. To get a better transmission rate and better energy efficiency an integrated solution can be pursued.

15 autopsy cases of PML in AIDS are presented. Frequent findings were: Very large, confluent PML-lesions (7 cases), lesions with prominent necrotic features (10 cases) and with marked perivascular mononuclear infiltrates (6 cases). In 9 cases additional PML-foci were seen in the cerebellum and/or the brain stem, and in 1 case there was even an exclusive involvement of those structures. Such characteristics regarding severity and topography of PML in AIDS, may be due to additional toxic factors. In 7 cases HIV-encephalopathy with multinucleated macrophages was present.

Neuropathological investigations were carried out on 166 autopsies of HIV-seropositive patients, with and without AIDS. Opportunistic infections and lymphomas were present in about 50% of cases; 65 patients were bearers of HIV-encephalopathy. HIV core protein p24 was detected in few mono- and multinucleated macrophages (HIV-cells), only in cases with HIV-encephalopathy. In the CNS of HIV-positive, asymptomatic patients no histological or immunohistochemical abnormalities were seen. These findings let suppose that AIDS-Dementia is a result of a late infiltration of HIV-infected macrophages from the bloodstream into the brain and not due to an impairment of neuronal or glial cells infected by HIV in the early stages of the disease.

Reported in this paper are postmortem findings recorded from the central nervous system of 51 HIV carriers, among them 43 with clinically manifest AIDS. Opportunistic infections and tumours were established in 24 cases, including toxoplasmosis, cytomegaly, progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy, and lymphomas. Findings obtained from 5 patients were restricted to unspecific alterations. No pathological findings at all were recordable from 8 HIV carriers without AIDS. So-called subacute microglial encephalitis (SME) was detected in 26 cases. SME was found to provide for the morphological substrate of genuine HIV encephalopathy. It was characterised by occurrence of mononuclear and even multinucleated cells which were macrophages and obviously served as virus carriers. Multinucleated cells are pathognomonic of HIV encephalopathy. No unambiguous evidence has so far been produced to primary invasion of neurons or glial cells by HI viruses.

Temi e prospettive che emergono dalle autobiografie di alcuni scrittori tedeschi e austriaci a proposito dell'esperienza della cd. Grande Guerra.