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Desde 2013, a China tem sido a principal fonte de turismo internacional, tanto em termos de receita quanto de número de visitantes. Cientes da importância desse mercado em um setor que contribui com quase 10% do PIB global, as autoridades do país estão buscando usar esses fluxos de saída para aumentar a esfera de influência da China. Embora isso funcione no caso dos países em desenvolvimento, que geralmente são ilhas e/ou ainda não desenvolveram sua própria imaginação turística, os principais destinos turísticos internacionais parecem ser menos abertos a esse tipo de instrumentalização. Na França, por exemplo, podemos ver que as práticas dos turistas chineses tendem a se tornar mais individualizadas e que esses visitantes parecem estar cada vez mais em busca de experiências imersivas e personalizadas. Nesta contribuição, procuramos elucidar esse aparente paradoxo: como podemos explicar o crescente empoderamento dos turistas chineses, quando o partido-Estado sempre procurou controlar os fluxos de saída da China? Tentaremos responder a essa pergunta usando o caso das luas de mel na França como exemplo, e mostraremos que os turistas chineses mantêm certa margem de manobra graças a representações que pré-existem às narrativas construídas pelo Partido, mas também graças ao processo de aprendizado pelo qual passam enquanto viajam.

La Chine constitue le premier foyer émetteur du tourisme international aussi bien en termes de recettes que du nombre d’individus, et ce, depuis 2013. Conscientes de l’importance de ce marché au sein d’un secteur contribuant à près de 10 % du PIB mondial, les autorités du pays cherchent à instrumentaliser ces flux en partance du territoire pour accroitre la sphère d’influence de la Chine. Si cela fonctionne auprès de pays en voie de développement, souvent insulaires et/ou pour lesquels l’imaginaire touristique était encore à construire, les grandes destinations du tourisme international semblent moins donner prise à ce type d’instrumentalisation. En France par exemple, on observe que les pratiques des touristes chinois tendent à s’individualiser et que ces visiteurs semblent de plus en plus en quête d’expériences immersives et personnalisées. Dans cette contribution, nous cherchons à élucider cet apparent paradoxe : comment expliquer l’autonomisation croissante des touristes chinois, alors que l’État-Parti a toujours cherché à contrôler les flux émetteurs de la Chine ? Nous tenterons de répondre à cette question à partir du cas des lunes de miel en France et verrons que les touristes chinois conservent une marge de manœuvre grâce à des représentations préexistant aux récits construits par le Parti, mais aussi grâce aux apprentissages qu’ils opèrent au gré de leurs mobilités.

Since 2013, China has been the leading source of outbound international tourism, both in terms of revenue and visitor numbers. Fully aware of the importance of this market in a sector that represents almost 10% of global GDP, the Chinese authorities are looking to exploit these outbound flows to increase China’s sphere of influence. This strategy may work with developing countries – who are often islands and/or yet to develop their own tourism image – however, major international tourism destinations seem to be less receptive to this form of instrumentalization. In France, for example, there is evidence that the practices of Chinese tourists are becoming more individualized with visitors increasingly looking for immersive and personalized experiences. The present article sets out to shed some light on this paradox: how can we explain the growing autonomy of Chinese tourists when the Party-State has always sought to control China’s outbound flows? We will focus on the case of honeymoons in France and show that Chinese tourists still have some room for manoeuvre because of the representations that existed before the Party-constructed narratives, and of the learning processes they undergo as a result of their travels.

As part of the move to reduce SO2 in wines, the empirical use of chitosan to eliminate the spoilage yeast Brettanomyces bruxellensis is becoming a frequent alternative. Chitosan treatment has an effect on a number of microbial species, at least temporarily, but there is wide variability in response within strains of each species. In addition, the effectiveness of chitosan also depends on the physical and chemical parameters of the wine. However, when chitosan treatment is effective, it appears to be long-lasting.

Sustainable viticulture is being developed to meet the challenges of current societal expectations. Numerous assessment tools have emerged in recent years. The IDEA method (Indicateurs de Durabilité des Exploitations Agricoles or Farm Sustainability Indicators) is one of these assessment tools. Using the 4th version of IDEA (IDEA4), this article assesses the overall performance (level of sustainability) of a wine estate in Bordeaux in partnership with the company Ekylibre.

La spectrométrie de masse de type MALDI-TOF a été adaptée afin d’être utilisée comme outil innovant d’identification au niveau de l’espèce des levures et bactéries isolées d’échantillons variés (moûts, vins, boissons). L’analyse d’un grand nombre de clones permet d’apprécier la diversité des espèces de levures, bactéries acétiques et lactiques présentes dès les phases pré-fermentaires, au cours des fermentations, pendant l’élevage ou après conditionnement. Dans le cas d’altération de produits, cet outil innovant participera à une meilleure maitrise des risques microbiologiques.

Sustainable viticulture is being developed to meet the challenges of current societal expectations. Numerous assessment tools have emerged in recent years. The IDEA method (Indicateurs de Durabilité des Exploitations Agricoles or Farm Sustainability Indicators) is one of these assessment tools. Using the 4th version of IDEA (IDEA4), this article assesses the overall performance (level of sustainability) of a wine estate in Bordeaux in partnership with the company Ekylibre.

The “Grenelle de l’Environnement” forum outlined the importance of taking into account the dispersion of species across territories and therefore proposed the identification and protection of ecological networks with reservoirs of biodiversity and connecting corridors: the “Trames vertes et bleues” (TVB). In urbanized areas, these TVB are difficult to define not only because of the mosaic of land uses and the importance of the barriers constituted by built elements, but also because of land pressures and urban practices. The approach cannot be reduced to a naturalist study. The sustainability of a green city network is highly dependent on its perception and acceptance by the inhabitants. In this context and at the request of local communities, we have been led to propose plans of TVB which gradually strengthened an interdisciplinary methodology. Through the example of Plaine Commune’s TVB plan(north of Paris), we deliver here this methodology based on a complementarity of diagnoses (regarding ecology, landscapes, projects, green space practices) and a consultation with main actors. This method results in a map of global actions (conception of local objectives, landscape guidelines...) and local actions (space management advice, projects development...).

Recent years have witnessed a tremendous increase in the biotechnological applications of nucleic acid-based nanotools. Beyond their biological relevance, nucleobases have indeed found new scopes of applications in bionanotechnology, which are expanding nowadays at an accelerated pace. Among the four canonical nucleobases (adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine), guanine is certainly the most useful and used base, thanks to its versatile H-bond donating/accepting properties that make it suitable for being involved in various assemblies ranging from base-pairs to base-quartets. Here, we would like to report on an innovative guanine-based molecular tool named Tb. Pyro-DOTASQ: this metal complex has a sophisticated chemical structure that allows formation of an intramolecular G-quartet upon interaction with alternative secondary structures known as G-quadruplexes. This target-promoted molecular switch triggers a luminescence response that would permit the use of Tb. Pyro-DOTASQ to search and detect quadruplex-forming DNA and RNA sequences: its unique design indeed allows it i) to create specific interaction with quadruplexes, ii) to provide an easily readable luminescent output to monitor this association and iii) to be readily immobilized on graphene surface, thus making Tb. Pyro-DOTASQ a high-value molecular device. Results obtained in the course of in-depth biophysical analyses raise questions about the actual supramolecular structure of Tb. Pyro-DOTASQ: these results thus shed a bright light on the care that must be exercised when using intricate molecular architectures to construct elaborated supramolecular metal complexes.