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Copyright of Medizinische Klinik: Intensivmedizin & Notfallmedizin is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article deals with modern ready-to-use (RTU) disinfectant wipes and their properties. It emphasizes that when selecting a disinfectant cleaner, not only the antimicrobial effectiveness but also other product features such as material compatibility, cleaning efficiency, and user-friendliness should be considered. Disinfectant wipes are increasingly used for the disinfection of frequently touched surfaces due to their practicality and user-friendliness. The article also discusses the growing market for RTU disinfectant wipes based on biodegradable fabrics. The selection of the substrate for disinfectant wipes depends on various criteria such as quality, liquid retention, absorption properties, and sustainability. There are synthetic and biodegradable disinfectant wipes, each made from different materials. The choice of active ingredient depends on various factors such as the type of disinfectant solution, the amount of solution on the surface, and the concentration of the active ingredient. Alcohols, quaternary ammonium compounds, and peroxy compounds are the most commonly used active ingredients in disinfectant wipes. The article describes various disinfectants and their effectiveness. Chlorine and hypochlorite are the most commonly used active ingredients due to their low cost, fast action, and broad spectrum of activity. However, they can be corrosive and cause irritation to the eyes, mucous membranes, and skin. Hydrogen peroxide, on the other hand, is environmentally friendly and does not leave any residues. It is effective against organic substances but is unstable and corrosive in diluted form. Quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) are an alternative to the mentioned active ingredients and have good cleaning and deodorizing properties. The choice of test method for the effectiveness of disinfectant wipes is important to ensure compliance with regulations. There are various standards for effectiveness against bacteria, yeasts, and viruses. It is also important to consider non-biocidal properties such as cleaning efficiency and compatibility with surfaces. The article deals with the cleaning effect of wipes and emphasizes the importance of the test setup to simulate realistic conditions of use. In addition to cleaning, aesthetic properties such as surface streaks and stickiness must also be considered. It is recommended to test RTU disinfectant wipes for compatibility with various surfaces. The way the wipes are stored in the packaging is also important to ensure that they do not dry out and retain their effectiveness. RTU disinfectant wipes are considered a forward-looking technology for the disinfection of smaller surfaces and offer a convenient and time-saving solution. It is expected that the demand for sustainable RTU disinfectant wipes will increase in order to reduce the pressure on disposable plastic wipes. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Implantologie is the property of Quintessenz Verlags GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses whether a specific nasal spray should be classified as a medical device or as a medicinal product. According to the Supreme Court, this nasal spray, which primarily acts physically and neutralizes viruses before they affect the mucous membrane, is not considered a medicinal product. The misleading of a product is only examined based on specific claims. The appellate court classified the nasal spray as a medical device because it has a physical effect and neutralizes viruses before they attack the mucous membrane. The plaintiff argued that the product should be classified as a medicinal product and contains misleading statements. The Supreme Court confirmed the appellate court's decision and referred to a decision of the German Federal Administrative Court. The question of whether it is a presentation medicinal product was no longer relevant in the appeal process. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Implantologie is the property of Quintessenz Verlags GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Quintessenz der Zahntechnik is the property of Quintessenz Verlags GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Kieferorthopädie: die Zeitschrift für die Praxis is the property of Quintessenz Verlags GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents a report on the comparison of cemented and screw-retained implant crowns with individualized zirconia abutments. It states that all-ceramic implant-supported crowns can be screwed and cemented crown can be made. It also states that inflammation can be caused by the occurance of cemented crowns of cement surpluses under the peri-implant mucosa.

Copyright of Der Hautarzt is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archiv für Kriminologie is the property of Schmidt-Roemhild Verlag and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Stomatologie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Symptoms like abdominal pain, bloating and diarrhea are often associated with the ingestion of lactose, fructose or gluten containing nutrients. The prevalence of lactose intolerance, fructose malabsorption and celiac sprue is quite high. If the symptoms are inter preted in the right way, the diagnosis and the treatment are easy. The ingestion of lactose or fructose containing food leads only to unpleasant symptoms, but in gluten sensitive patients an inflammation and destruction of the small intestinal mucosa develops. The consequences are an impaired absorption of macro- and micronutrients with their specific symptoms. The patients with lactose intolerance and fructose malabsorption can avoid the symptoms if they stick to a low lactose or fructose containing diet. On the other hand, patients with celiac sprue need a life-long gluten-free diet to heal the mucosa, to ameliorate the symptoms and to avoid relapses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine which shows elevated plasma and urine levels in cancer and inflammatory diseases of the urinary tract. The aim of the study is to define IL-6 target gene regulation in cultivated human detrusor smooth muscle cells.Patients and Methods: The expression of IL-6 and IL-6R (gp80, gp130) was studied by confocal immunofluorescence, rtPCR and Western blotting. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation experiments were conducted in smooth muscle cell cultures derived from bladder biopsies of four male tumor patients.Results: IL-6 and IL-6R expression was found in urothelium, lamina propria and detrusor cells. LPS stimulation evoked a time-dependent synthesis and/or release of IL-6, IL-6R and STAT3.Conclusions: Our results favor the notion that IL-6 can stimulate various cells of the human urinary bladder. Both detrusor cells and urothelium can serve as a source of elevated IL-6 levels. Finding genes regulated by IL-6 could be of great value for new therapeutical approaches in cancer and chronic inflammation of the lower urinary tract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports that respiratory viral diseases often go with measurable viremia hand in hand. It notes that the risk of transmission through blood products is close to zero. It adds that the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract has a particularly large surface, and many viruses use the pharynx as entrance gate. It adds that respiratory virus infections are not transmitted via the bloodstream.

Copyright of Der Hautarzt is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In nCPAP or bilevel treatment of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome, side effects frequently involve the nasal mucosa, e.g. dehydration, running nose, epistaxis or sneezing. Question of the study Is there an improvement of nasal side effects in patients with nCPAP/ bilevel therapy by using a nasal spray containing Dexpanthenol and NaCl? Patients and methods One hundred and fifteen patients were investigated as to whether there was a sufficient reduction of nasal side effects as a result of nCPAP/bilevel therapy by using a nasal spray with Dexpanthenol and NaCl. Results Nasal side effects of nCPAP/bilevel therapy could be relieved in 77.4 % of cases by applying dexpanthenol together with physiological saline as a nasal spray. Sustained alleviation of nasal side effects could be attained in 67 % of cases using the nasal spray (alone or in combination with humidifier). In 46.1% of cases, treatment of nasal side effects with dexpanthenol/0.9 % NaCl spray alone was sufficient, thus avoiding prescription of heated humidifiers. The success of treatment of nasal side effects did not depend on pressure levels. Conclusion Dexpanthenol/NaCL nasal spray can be used for the therapy of nasal side effects of nCPAP/bilevel therapy. Also, a continuous support of nCPAP/bilevel treatment as well as temporary use when the patient gets accustomed to the device seems possible. A periodical use of the nasal spray in patients with only occasional occurrence of nasal side effects, or the combination with a heated humidifier can also be useful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Der Pathologe is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: In a German multicenter questionnaire, answered by 89 departments, we had examined the strategies to prevent or to treat the acute morbidity of the skin and mucosa associated to radiation therapy. In this work, the recommendations from the literature are compared to the results of the questionnaire.Methods: An extensive research on common data information systems (Medline, Cancerlit, DIMDI and others) was performed. The criteria included the organ related morbidity and therapeutic strategies for its reduction. The obtained data were compared to the results from the questionnaire.Results: The study data found by the research often demonstrate small patient numbers and little convincing results. However, as in the questionnaire, the joint principle seems to be the reduction of acute inflammatory tissue reaction by evasion of bacterial and mycotic overgrowth and reduction of exo- and endogenous toxins.Conclusions: Further studies with more convincing results are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The acute radiation related morbidity is an essential factor for the patient's outcome in radiotherapy. The prophylactic and therapeutic management of acute side effects has a wide clinical range between different radiation oncology departments. In this work, it was to evaluate the remedies, which are used for prevention and therapeutic management of acute radiation related morbidity of the skin and mucosa (mouth, pharynx, esophagus, small and large bowel, rectum and vagina).Methods: A questionnaire was sent to 130 radiotherapeutic departments in Germany in July 1995. The questionnaire had been designed with 22 open questions concerning the preventive and therapeutic management of acute radiation related morbidity of skin and mucosal sites. It has been correlated to the scoring system of the RTOG/EORTC and its German modification according to Seegenschmiedt and Sauer. The evaluation was performed anonymously.Results: From 130 questionnaires, 89 (68.4%) were sent back till August 1995. All of them were evaluable. The recommendations showed a broad spectrum for each site. Especially the oral mucositis was treated in many different ways and combinations. The prevention and therapy of complicating superinfections seem to be the joint principle of most of the recommendations.Conclusions: The management of the acute radiation related morbidity has a wide clinical spectrum among different radiation therapy centers. Systematic prospectively designed investigations are necessary in order to achieve a further reduction in the radiation related acute morbidity. Therefore, a multicenter collaborative working group has been founded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Radiotherapy, a cornerstone in the management of head and neck cancer, pelvic cancer, and esophageal cancer is associated with a marked mucosal toxicity. Pain, malnutrition and diarrhea are the most prevalent clinical symptoms of radiation induced mucosal damage. Because there is no known way to obviate radiation mucositis all efforts to prevent aggravation and accelerate healing of mucosal changes are of great importance. Numerous agents including antimicrobials, local and systemic analgesics, antiinflammatory drugs, antidiarrheal drugs, in combination with intensive dietetic care are used to relieve symptoms. Recently coating agents like the polyaluminum-sucrose complex sucralfate were suggested for the prevention and treatment of mucosal reactions. Since sucralfate protects ulcerated epithelium by coating, liberates protective prostaglandins and increases the local availability of protective factors this drug might directly interact with the pathogenesis of mucositis.Patients and Method: The results of available studies are analysed and discussed.Results: The results of several studies indicate that sucralfate treatment especially during radiotherapy for pelvic cancer leads to a significant amelioration of clinical symptoms and morphological changes. An application of sucralfate during radiotherapy of head and neck cancer reveals only limited benefits in most studies performed.Conclusion: Nevertheless sucralfate is a safe, cheap and active drug for the prevention and treatment of radiation mucositis especially in patients with pelvic irradiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]